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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,711 records · Page 95
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Dark matter trigger for early dark energy coincidence

Current cosmological measurements present a persistent tension in the value of the current cosmic expansion rate, the Hubble constant, as inferred from cosmic microwave background (CMB) and large-scale structure (LSS) data compared to that inferred from the classical distance ladder. Early dark energy (EDE), whose cosmological role is localized in time around the epoch of matter-radiation equality just prior to the release of the CMB photons, is designed to resolve this "Hubble tension". However, the model introduces a new coincidence problem: Why should the EDE dynamics occur near matter-radiation equality if EDE is decoupled from both matter and radiation? The resolution of this problem may lie in an early dark sector (EDS), wherein the dark matter mass is dependent on the EDE scalar field. In this work, we construct such an EDS model and show that it naturally resolves the EDE coincidence problem at the background level without any fine-tuning of the coupling to dark matter or of the initial conditions. When fitting to current cosmological data, including that from the local distance ladder, CMB, and LSS, our EDS maximum-likelihood model performs comparably to EDE for resolving the Hubble tension. However, fitting the Planck CMB data requires a specific range of initial field positions to balance the scalar field fluctuations that drive acoustic oscillations, providing testable differences with other EDE models and a platform for future model-building.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2026

PowerModelsGAT-AI: Physics-Informed Graph Attention for Multi-System Power Flow With Continual Learning

Solving the alternating current power flow equations in real time is essential for secure grid operation, yet classical Newton–Raphson solvers can be slow under stressed conditions. Existing graph neural networks for power flow are typically trained on a single system and often degrade on different systems. We present PowerModelsGAT-AI, a physics-informed graph attention network that predicts bus voltages and generator injections. The model uses bus-type-aware masking to handle different bus types and balances multiple loss terms, including a power-mismatch penalty, using learned weights. We evaluate the model on 14 benchmark systems (4 to 6,470 buses) and train a unified model on 13 of these under contingency conditions with up to two branch outages, achieving an average normalized mean absolute error of 0.89% for voltage magnitudes and R 2 >0.99 for voltage angles. We also show continual learning: when adapting a base model to a new 1,354-bus system, standard fine-tuning causes severe forgetting with error increases exceeding 1000% on base systems, while our experience replay and elastic weight consolidation strategy keeps error increases below 2% and in some cases improves base-system performance. Interpretability analysis shows that learned attention weights correlate with physical branch parameters (susceptance: r=0.38 ; thermal limits: r=0.22 ), and feature importance analysis supports that the model captures established power flow relationships.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2024

Robust and Simple ADMM Penalty Parameter Selection

We present a new method for online selection of the penalty parameter for the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm. ADMM is a widely used method for solving a range of optimization problems, including those that arise in signal and image processing. In its standard form, ADMM includes a scalar hyperparameter, known as the penalty parameter, which usually has to be tuned to achieve satisfactory empirical convergence. In this work, we develop a framework for analyzing the ADMM algorithm applied to a quadratic problem as an affine fixed point iteration. Using this framework, we develop a new method for automatically tuning the penalty parameter by detecting when it has become too large or small. We analyze this and several other methods with respect to their theoretical properties, i.e., robustness to problem transformations, and empirical performance on several optimization problems. Our proposed algorithm is based on a theoretical framework with clear, explicit assumptions and approximations, is theoretically covariant/invariant to problem transformations, is simple to implement, and exhibits competitive empirical performance.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2025

Learning-Based Quantum Compilation: Translating QASM to QIR with CodeBERT

We propose a learning-based approach to quantum compilation by translating OpenQASM to Quantum Intermediate Representation (QIR) using a fine-tuned CodeBERT model. Trained on 10,000 synthetic QASM-QIR pairs, the model captures code semantics while addressing QIR verbosity and the 512-token limit via a custom token compression scheme. Finetuning was performed on the Frontier supercomputer, with results showing syntactic correctness and stable validation loss reduction. Our method moves toward enabling flexible, language-modeldriven quantum software tools. It also introduces syntax error handling and the possibility of incorporating classical control constructs, addressing limitations in existing rule-based compilers like qBraid-QIR. While the current model has been validated on quantum-only circuits, we propose future evaluations on hybrid quantum-classical examples. This poster will provide architecture insights, compression examples, training loss plots, and QIR outputs. Our work highlights the potential for scalable, adaptable compilation in future quantum toolchains.

Afrose, Sharmin [ORNL]↗
DOE OSTI2018

The observational constraints on the flat $\phi $CDM models

Most dark energy models have the Λ CDM as their limit, and if future observations constrain our universe to be close to Λ CDM Bayesian arguments about the evidence and the fine-tuning will have to be employed to discriminate between the models. Assuming a baseline Λ CDM model we investigate a number of quintessence and phantom dark energy models, and we study how they would perform when compared to observational data, such as the expansion rate, the angular distance, and the growth rate measurements, from the upcoming Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) survey. We sample posterior likelihood surfaces of these dark energy models with Monte Carlo Markov Chains while using central values consistent with the Planck Λ CDM universe and covariance matrices estimated with Fisher information matrix techniques. We find that for this setup the Bayes factor provides a substantial evidence in favor of the Λ CDM model over most of the alternatives. We also investigated how well the CPL parametrization approximates various scalar field dark energy models, and identified the location for each dark energy model in the CPL parameter space.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Atmospheric Tracer Depletion Testing for Unfiltered Air In-Leakage Determination at the Wolf Creek Nuclear Power Plant

Atmospheric Tracer Depletion tests were conducted at the Wolf Creek Nuclear Power Plant to quantify the unfiltered in-leakage (UI) into the Control Room (CR), Control Building (CB), and Equipment Rooms (ER) at the Wolf Creek Nuclear Power Plant. Wolf Creek has two independent charcoal filter Emergency Ventilation Systems (EVS) that can be used to purify air entering the control building and control room. The Bravo System contains a filtration system in Room 1501 in the Auxiliary Building for the Control Room and another filtration system (FGK02B) on Elevation 2016 for the Control Building. The Alpha system contains a filtration system in Room 1512 in the Auxiliary Building for the Control Room and another filtration system (FGK02A) on Elevation 2016 for the Control Building. The Atmospheric Tracer Depletion (ATD) test is a technique to measure in-leakage using the concentration of perfluorocarbon compounds that have a constant atmospheric background. These levels are present in the Control Room and Control Building under normal operating conditions. When air is supplied by either of the EVS, most of the PFTS are removed by the charcoal filters. If the concentrations of the PFTs measured in protected areas are the same as the levels at the output of the EVS, the in-leakage of outside air into the protected area would be zero. If the concentration is higher in the protected area than at the output of the filter system, there is in-leakage and the in-leakage can be quantified by the difference. Sampling was performed using state-of-the-art Brookhaven Atmospheric Tracer Samplers (BATS) air sampling equipment and analysis performed on Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) dedicated PFT analytical systems. In the Alpha test two tracers PMCH and mcPDCH were used to determine in-leakage into the control building. The analytical system was tuned to maximize sensitivity after initial analysis of the Alpha test. The increased sensitivity permitted accurate quantification of five isomers of the PFT PDCH (mtPDCH, pcPDCH, otPDCH, mcPDCH, and ptPDCH). These isomers were quantified in the low concentration samples in the Alpha test and in all samples in the Bravo test. The best estimates of UI (Rui) for the four zones are provided in Table ES-1. For the CB, this estimate averages the four tracers at the four elevations. For the CR, this estimate uses the four sampling units located in the Control Room.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2017

Atmospheric Tracer Depletion Testing for Unfiltered Air In-Leakage Determination at the Wolf Creek Nuclear Power Plant

Atmospheric Tracer Depletion tests were conducted at the Wolf Creek Nuclear Power Plant to quantify the unfiltered in-leakage (UI) into the Control Room (CR), Control Building (CB), and Equipment Rooms (ER) at the Wolf Creek Nuclear Power Plant. Wolf Creek has two independent charcoal filter Emergency Ventilation Systems (EVS) that can be used to purify air entering the control building and control room. The Bravo System contains a filtration system in Room 1501 in the Auxiliary Building for the Control Room and another filtration system (FGK02B) on Elevation 2016 for the Control Building. The Alpha system contains a filtration system in Room 1512 in the Auxiliary Building for the Control Room and another filtration system (FGK02A) on Elevation 2016 for the Control Building.The Atmospheric Tracer Depletion (ATD) test is a technique to measure in-leakage using the concentration of perfluorocarbon compounds that have a constant atmospheric background. These levels are present in the Control Room and Control Building under normal operating conditions. When air is supplied by either of the EVS, most of the PFTS are removed by the charcoal filters. If the concentrations of the PFTs measured in protected areas are the same as the levels at the output of the EVS, the in-leakage of outside air into the protected area would be zero. If the concentration is higher in the protected area than at the output of the filter system, there is in-leakage and the in-leakage can be quantified by the difference.Sampling was performed using state-of-the-art Brookhaven Atmospheric Tracer Samplers (BATS) air sampling equipment and analysis performed on Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) dedicated PFT analytical systems. In the Alpha test two tracers PMCH and mcPDCH were used to determine in-leakage into the control building. The analytical system was tuned to maximize sensitivity after initial analysis of the Alpha test. The increased sensitivity permitted accurate quantification of five isomers of the PFT PDCH (mtPDCH, pcPDCH, otPDCH, mcPDCH, and ptPDCH). These isomers were quantified in the low concentration samples in the Alpha test and in all samples in the Bravo test.The best estimates of UI (Rui) for the four zones are provided in Table ES-1. For the CB, this estimate averages the four tracers at the four elevations. For the CR, this estimate uses the four sampling units located in the Control Room.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2015

NSLS-II SR Commissioning Report

The NSLS-II storage ring (SR) phase I commissioning has been successfully completed in May 12, 2014. In accordance to the project milestone, 25 mA average current was achieved in the storage ring with PETRA III 500 MHz 7-cell PETRA-III RF cavity but w/o ID’s and Landau cavities. In about 5 weeks we delivered a 3 GeV beam to the ring injection straight section, made the 1st turn around the ring, achieved hundreds of turns optimizing injection, stored beam having sextupoles and RF turned ON. Injection efficiency was achieved 95%, close orbit rms value is ~100 um, tune and chromaticity were measured and adjusted as desired, and beam lifetime was a few hours depending on the stored beam current. This report consists of a summary, a chronological part, the injector system performance in Ch3, SR commissioning experience in Ch4 and the outlook of remaining work in Ch5. The SR commissioning experience includes the software experience, hardware (timing, diagnostics, RF, vacuum, PS) operation experience, the strategy for initial injection beam to the stored beam, measurement of the linear optics and control to the desired value, nonlinear beam dynamics study, beam instability study, the subsystem reliability and fault study at different scenarios.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Self-Healing Films for Vacuum Insulation Panels (Final Report)

Vacuum insulation panels (VIPs) have an extremely high thermal resistance of around R35/inch, which makes them ideal for building envelope retrofits and prefabricated construction with space constraints. However, the barrier film that maintains the vacuum and thermal performance of the panel can be easily damaged during transportation, installation, and service life. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has developed a self-healable barrier film for VIPs that instantly self-heals damages caused by punctures. The multi-layer barrier film is manufactured using roll-to-roll (R2R) methods. The self-healing barrier film prevents loss of vacuum in VIPs and maintains the exceptional thermal insulation performance. Enhanced durability of VIP by self-healable barrier film and establishing the commercialization path will increase the use of VIPs, thus reducing overall energy usage of buildings. This project has fine-tuned the slurry chemistry of the self-healing components and transitioned the R2R manufacturing trials from mid-scale lab equipment to large-scale industrial equipment for de-risking the technology for commercialization with our TCF CRADA partner, FLEXcon.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2014

Overhead-Aware-Best-Fit (OABF) Resource Allocation Algorithm for Minimizing VM Launching Overhead

FermiCloud is a private cloud developed in Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory to provide elastic and on-demand resources for different scientific research experiments. The design goal of the FermiCloud is to automatically allocate resources for different scientific applications so that the QoS required by these applications is met and the operational cost of the FermiCloud is minimized. Our earlier research shows that VM launching overhead has large variations. If such variations are not taken into consideration when making resource allocation decisions, it may lead to poor performance and resource waste. In this paper, we show how we may use an VM launching overhead reference model to minimize VM launching overhead. In particular, we first present a training algorithm that automatically tunes a given refer- ence model to accurately reflect FermiCloud environment. Based on the tuned reference model for virtual machine launching overhead, we develop an overhead-aware-best-fit resource allocation algorithm that decides where and when to allocate resources so that the average virtual machine launching overhead is minimized. The experimental results indicate that the developed overhead-aware-best-fit resource allocation algorithm can significantly improved the VM launching time when large number of VMs are simultaneously launched.

Wu, Hao↗
DOE OSTI2023

A comparison of mechanical properties from natural and process-induced interfaces in filament extrusion AM of polymer blends

Polymer blends are commonly tuned for specific applications to achieve desired properties otherwise inaccessible or prohibitively expensive to obtain via homopolymers. The interfacial characteristics of the polymer A-polymer B interface and resultant domain sizes govern key performance properties. Micro- and meso-scale morphology forms through the interplay of surface forces between the polymers and between each polymer and the surrounding atmosphere. Analogously, the layer-layer and road-road interfaces of material extrusion (MEX) additive manufacturing (AM) govern key performance properties of printed parts. This work explores the effect of layer height on the thermomechanical performance of polystyrene (PS)-polycarbonate (PC) blends. Filament is prepared from a 50/50 weight ratio of the two polymers and compared against dual-nozzle printing where every layer alternates between PS or PC homopolymer forming a part with an overall 50/50 polymer ratio. Typical indicators of polymer blend compatibility are also studied.

Chatham, Camden A.↗
DOE OSTI2019

Adaptive inverse ray-tracing for accurate and efficient modeling of cross beam energy transfer in hydrodynamics simulations

Integrated hydrodynamics simulations of inertial confinement fusion rely on reduced physics models. To reproduce experimental trends, these models often feature tuning parameters, but this comes with a risk: the over-tuning of one model can hide physics inadequacies in another. The ray-based models of cross-beam-energy transfer (CBET) represent this risk. In this paper, we present an accurate and efficient model of CBET suitable for inline implementation in 3D hydrodynamics simulations. Inverse Ray Tracing (IRT) is used to compute the ray field in a 3D permittivity profile described on an unstructured tetrahedral mesh using the Inline Field Reconstruction and Interaction using Inverse Tracing framework. CBET is accounted for through perturbations to the permittivity associated with ion acoustic waves driven by the overlapped fields. Large gradients in the permittivity are resolved by coupling the IRT to a recursive Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) algorithm. The use of AMR also allows for the resolution of caustics, with accurate field reconstruction performed using the Etalon integral method. Comparisons of the model with wave-based solutions from the Laser Plasma Simulation Environment demonstrate its ability to control energy conservation and gain convergence through the AMR depth only, without the use of ad hoc physical models or artificial tuning parameters.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

Tuning the structure and habit of iron oxide mesocrystals

A precise control over the meso- and microstructure of ordered and aligned nanoparticle assemblies, i.e., mesocrystals, is essential in the quest for exploiting the collective material properties for potential applications. In this work, we produced evaporation-induced self-assembled mesocrystals with different mesostructures and crystal habits based on iron oxide nanocubes by varying the nanocube size and shape and by applying magnetic fields. A full 3D characterization of the mesocrystals was performed using image analysis, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy and Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering (GISAXS). This enabled the structural determination of e.g. multi-domain mesocrystals with complex crystal habits and the quantification of interparticle distances with sub-nm precision. Mesocrystals of small nanocubes (l = 8.6 12.6 nm) are isostructural with a body centred tetragonal (bct ) lattice whereas assemblies of the largest nanocubes in this study (l = 13.6 nm) additionally form a simple cubic (sc) lattice. The mesocrystal habit can be tuned from a square, hexagonal to star-like and pillar shapes depending on the particle size and shape and the strength of the applied magnetic field. Finally, we outline a qualitative phase diagram of the evaporation-induced self-assembled superparamagnetic iron oxide nanocube mesocrystals based on nanocube edge length and magnetic field strength.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

SU-E-J-60: Efficient Monte Carlo Dose Calculation On CPU-GPU Heterogeneous Systems

Purpose: It is well-known that the performance of GPU-based Monte Carlo dose calculation implementations is bounded by memory bandwidth. One major cause of this bottleneck is the random memory writing patterns in dose deposition, which leads to several memory efficiency issues on GPU such as un-coalesced writing and atomic operations. We propose a new method to alleviate such issues on CPU-GPU heterogeneous systems, which achieves overall performance improvement for Monte Carlo dose calculation. Methods: Dose deposition is to accumulate dose into the voxels of a dose volume along the trajectories of radiation rays. Our idea is to partition this procedure into the following three steps, which are fine-tuned for CPU or GPU: (1) each GPU thread writes dose results with location information to a buffer on GPU memory, which achieves fully-coalesced and atomic-free memory transactions; (2) the dose results in the buffer are transferred to CPU memory; (3) the dose volume is constructed from the dose buffer on CPU. We organize the processing of all radiation rays into streams. Since the steps within a stream use different hardware resources (i.e., GPU, DMA, CPU), we can overlap the execution of these steps for different streams by pipelining. Results: We evaluated our method using a Monte Carlo Convolution Superposition (MCCS) program and tested our implementation for various clinical cases on a heterogeneous system containing an Intel i7 quad-core CPU and an NVIDIA TITAN GPU. Comparing with a straightforward MCCS implementation on the same system (using both CPU and GPU for radiation ray tracing), our method gained 2-5X speedup without losing dose calculation accuracy. Conclusion: The results show that our new method improves the effective memory bandwidth and overall performance for MCCS on the CPU-GPU systems. Our proposed method can also be applied to accelerate other Monte Carlo dose calculation approaches. This research was supported in part by NSF under Grants CCF-1217906, and also in part by a research contract from the Sandia National Laboratories.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Q-VR: System-Level Design for Future Mobile Collaborative Virtual Reality

High Quality Mobile Virtual Reality (VR) is what the incoming graphics technology era demands: users around the world, regardless of their hardware and network conditions, can all enjoy the immersive virtual experience. However, the state-of-the-art software-based mobile VR designs cannot fully satisfy the realtime performance requirements due to the highly interactive nature of user's actions and complex environmental constraints during VR execution. Inspired by the unique human visual system effects and the strong correlation between VR motion features and realtime hardware-level information, we propose Q-VR, a novel dynamic collaborative rendering solution via software-hardware co-design for enabling future low-latency high-quality mobile VR. At software-level, Q-VR provides flexible high-level tuning interface to reduce network latency while maintaining user perception. At hardware-level, Q-VR accommodates a wide spectrum of hardware and network conditions across users by effectively leveraging the computing capability of the increasingly powerful VR hardware. Extensive evaluation on real-world games demonstrates that Q-VR can achieve an average end-to-end performance speedup of 3.4x (up to 6.7x) over the traditional local rendering design in commercial VR devices, and a 4.1x frame rate improvement over the state-of-the-art static collaborative rendering.

Xie, Chenhao↗
DOE OSTI2019

Ni/Li Disordering in Layered Transition Metal Oxide: Electrochemical Impact, Origin, and Control

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) not only power most of today’s hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and electric vehicles (EV) but also are considered as a very promising system for grid-level storage. Large-scale applications for LIBs require substantial improvement in energy density, cost, and lifetime. Layered Li(NixMnyCoz)O2 (NMC, x+y+z=1) materials from solid-solution approaches to LiMO2 (M = Ni, Mn, Co, etc) are the most promising candidates for their high reversible capacity, better environmental compatibility, and lower cost compared with the traditional LiCoO2. In order to further boost Li storage capacity, a great deal of attention has been directed toward developing Ni-rich NMCs. However, structural disorder as a result of Ni/Li exchange in octahedral sites becomes a critical issue when Ni content increases to high values, as it leads to a detrimental effect on Li diffusivity, cycling stability, first-cycle efficiency, and overall electrode performance. Increasing efforts have been dedicated to improving the electrochemical performance of NMC materials via reduction of cationic mixing. Therefore, it is important to summarize this research field and provide in-depth insight into impact of Ni/Li disorder on electrochemical characteristics in layered NMC materials and its origin to accelerate the future development of NMC materials with high performance. In this Account, we start by analyzing the impact of Ni/Li disorder on electrochemical characteristics in layered NMC materials. The antisite Ni in the Li layer can limit the rate performance by impeding the Li-ion transport. It will also degrade the cycling stability by inducing the anisotropic stress in the bulk structure. Nevertheless, the antisite Ni-ions don’t always bring drawbacks to the electrochemical performance, some studies including our works found that it can improve the thermal stability and the cycling structure stability of Ni-rich NMC materials. We next discussed the driving forces and the kinetic advantages accounting for the Ni/Li exchange and summarized that the steric effect of cation size and the magnetic interactions between TM cations are the two main driving forces to promote the Ni/Li exchange during synthesis procedure and the electrochemical cycling, and the low energy barrier of Ni2+ migration from the 3a site in TM layer to 3b site in Li layer further provides the kinetic advantage. Based on above understandings, we reviewed the progress made to control the Ni/Li disorder and summarized three main ways: (i) suppressing the driving force from the steric effect by ion exchange; (ii) tuning the magnetic interaction by cationic substitution; (iii) kinetic controlling of Ni migration. Finally, our brief outlooks on the future development of controlling the Ni/Li disorder in NMC materials are provided. It is believed that this Account will provide significant understanding and inspirations toward developing high-performance NMC materials with controlled Ni/Li disorder.

Zheng, Jiaxin↗
DOE OSTI2018

Tuning Confinement in Colloidal Silicon Nanocrystals with Saturated Surface Ligands

The optical properties of silicon nanocrystals (Si NCs) are a subject of intense study and continued debate. In particular, Si NC photoluminescence (PL) properties are known to depend strongly on the surface chemistry, resulting in electron-hole recombination pathways derived from the Si NC band-edge, surface-state defects, or combined NC-conjugated ligand hybrid states. In this Letter, we perform a comparison of three different saturated surface functional groups - alkyls, amides, and alkoxides - on nonthermal plasma-synthesized Si NCs. We find a systematic and size-dependent high-energy (blue) shift in the PL spectrum of Si NCs with amide and alkoxy functionalization relative to alkyl. Time-resolved photoluminescence and transient absorption spectroscopies reveal no change in the excited-state dynamics between Si NCs functionalized with alkyl, amide, or alkoxide ligands, showing for the first time that saturated ligands - not only surface-derived charge-transfer states or hybridization between NC and low-lying ligand orbitals - are responsible for tuning the Si NC optical properties. To explain these PL shifts we propose that the atom bound to the Si NC surface strongly interacts with the Si NC electronic wave function and modulates the Si NC quantum confinement. Furthermore, these results reveal a potentially broadly applicable correlation between the optoelectronic properties of Si NCs and related quantum-confined structures based on the interaction between NC surfaces and the ligand binding group.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Tuning Cation (Dis)Order in Cr‐Based Li‐Excess Oxide Cathode Materials to Improve Li+ Transport Properties

Abstract Li‐excess disordered rocksalts (DRXs) hold promise as next‐generation cathodes for Li‐ion batteries due to their high capacity and energy density, along with the potential to eliminate the need for Co and Ni. However, due to their low Li + diffusivity, DRXs need to be pulverized into nanoparticles to achieve high performance. Herein, a new strategy for overcoming this limitation is demonstrated, involving the design of as‐synthesized partially disordered oxides with a structure that lies between ordered layered and fully disordered, exhibiting a varying degree of local (dis)order. This unique structure activates new Li + diffusion channels, improving percolation and transport properties. This strategy allows a large content of Li + to be accessed in material with large, micron‐sized particles through highly reversible Cr 3+/6+ and O redox, yielding a first discharge capacity of 286 mAh g −1 (881 Wh kg −1 ). The Li + percolation network is further improved by substituting Ti with a mixture of multiple metals, which appears to locally decrease the migration barrier through lattice distortion. Proper tuning of the chemical composition, especially the content of metals with empty d orbitals, is established as a crucial factor for controlling the degree of disorder and mitigating voltage fade and hysteresis growth upon cycling.

Moździerz, Maciej↗