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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,711 records · Page 95
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2012

Robotic vehicle with multiple tracked mobility platforms

A robotic vehicle having two or more tracked mobility platforms that are mechanically linked together with a two-dimensional coupling, thereby forming a composite vehicle of increased mobility. The robotic vehicle is operative in hazardous environments and can be capable of semi-submersible operation. The robotic vehicle is capable of remote controlled operation via radio frequency and/or fiber optic communication link to a remote operator control unit. The tracks have a plurality of track-edge scallop cut-outs that allow the tracks to easily grab onto and roll across railroad tracks, especially when crossing the railroad tracks at an oblique angle.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2013

The Structure and Tra c Flow Anatomy of the Planet-Scale Urban Vehicular Mobility

A data-driven realistic design and evalua- tion of vehicular mobility has been particularly chal- lenging due to a lack of large-scale real-world mea- surements in the research community. Current research methodologies rely on articial scenarios, random con- nectivity, and use small and biased samples. In this pa- per, we perform a combined study to learn the struc- ture and connectivity of urban streets and modeling and characterization of vehicular trac densities on them. Our dataset is a collection of more than 222 thousand routes and 25 million vehicular mobility images from 1091 online web cameras located in six dierent re- gions of the world. Our results centered around four major observations: i. study shows that driving routes and visiting locations of regions demonstrate power-law distribution, indicating a planned or recently designed road infrastructure; ii. we represent regions by network graphs in which nodes are camera locations and edges are urban streets that connect the nodes. Such represen- tation exhibits small world properties with short path lengths and large clustering coecient; iii. trac densi- ties show 80% temporal correlation during several hours of a day; iv. modeling trac densities against known theoretical distributions show less than 5% deviation for heavy-trailed models such as log-logistic and log- gamma distributions. We believe this work will provide a much-needed contribution to the research community for design and evaluation of future vehicular networks and smart cities.

Thakur, Gautam↗
DOE OSTI2013

Wide size range fast integrated mobility spectrometer

A mobility spectrometer to measure a nanometer particle size distribution is disclosed. The mobility spectrometer includes a conduit and a detector. The conduit is configured to receive and provide fluid communication of a fluid stream having a charged nanometer particle mixture. The conduit includes a separator section configured to generate an electrical field of two dimensions transverse to a dimension associated with the flow of the charged nanometer particle mixture through the separator section to spatially separate charged nanometer particles of the charged nanometer particle mixture in said two dimensions. The detector is disposed downstream of the conduit to detect concentration and position of the spatially-separated nanometer particles.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2014

Mobile computing device configured to compute irradiance, glint, and glare of the sun

Described herein are technologies pertaining to computing the solar irradiance distribution on a surface of a receiver in a concentrating solar power system or glint/glare emitted from a reflective entity. A mobile computing device includes at least one camera that captures images of the Sun and the entity of interest, wherein the images have pluralities of pixels having respective pluralities of intensity values. Based upon the intensity values of the pixels in the respective images, the solar irradiance distribution on the surface of the entity or glint/glare corresponding to the entity is computed by the mobile computing device.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2014

Electrorecycling of Critical and Value Metals from Mobile Electronics

Mobile electronic devices such as smart phones and tablets are a significant source of valuable metals that should be recycled. Each year over a billion devices are sold world-wide and the average life is only a couple years. Value metals in phones are gold, palladium, silver, copper, cobalt and nickel. Devices now contain increasing amounts of rare earth elements (REE). In recent years the supply chain for REE has moved almost exclusively to China. They are contained in displays, speakers and vibrators within the devices. By US Department of Energy (DOE) classification, specific REEs (Nd, Dy, Eu, Tb and Y) are considered critical while others (Ce, La and Pr) are deemed near critical. Effective recycling schemes should include the recovery of these critical materials. By including more value materials in a recovery scheme, more value can be obtained by product diversification and less waste metals remains to be disposed of. REEs are mined as a group such that when specific elements become critical significantly more ore must be processed to capture the dilute but valuable critical elements. Targeted recycling of items containing the more of the less available critical materials could address their future criticality. This presentation will describe work in developing aqueous electrochemistry-based schemes for recycling metals from scrap mobile electronics. The electrorecycling process generates oxidizing agents at an anode while reducing dissolved metals at the cathode. E vs pH diagrams and metals dissolution experiments are used to assess effectiveness of various solution chemistries. Although several schemes were envisioned, a two stages process has been the focus of work: 1) initial dissolution of Cu, Sn, Ag and magnet materials using Fe+3 generated in acidic sulfate and 2) final dissolution of Pd and Au using Cl2 generated in an HCl solution. Experiments were performed using simulated metal mixtures. Both Cu and Ag were recovered at ~ 97% using Fe+3 while leaving Au and Ag intact. REE were extracted from the dissolved mixture using conventional methods. A discussion of future research directions will be discussed.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Tools for Large-Scale Mobile Malware Analysis

Analyzing mobile applications for malicious behavior is an important area of re- search, and is made di cult, in part, by the increasingly large number of appli- cations available for the major operating systems. There are currently over 1.2 million apps available in both the Google Play and Apple App stores (the respec- tive o cial marketplaces for the Android and iOS operating systems)[1, 2]. Our research provides two large-scale analysis tools to aid in the detection and analysis of mobile malware. The rst tool we present, Andlantis, is a scalable dynamic analysis system capa- ble of processing over 3000 Android applications per hour. Traditionally, Android dynamic analysis techniques have been relatively limited in scale due to the compu- tational resources required to emulate the full Android system to achieve accurate execution. Andlantis is the most scalable Android dynamic analysis framework to date, and is able to collect valuable forensic data, which helps reverse-engineers and malware researchers identify and understand anomalous application behavior. We discuss the results of running 1261 malware samples through the system, and provide examples of malware analysis performed with the resulting data. While techniques exist to perform static analysis on a large number of appli- cations, large-scale analysis of iOS applications has been relatively small scale due to the closed nature of the iOS ecosystem, and the di culty of acquiring appli- cations for analysis. The second tool we present, iClone, addresses the challenges associated with iOS research in order to detect application clones within a dataset of over 20,000 iOS applications.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2014

Electrorecycling of Critical and Value Metals from Mobile Electronics

Mobile electronic devices such as smart phones and tablets are a significant source of valuable metals that should be recycled. Each year over a billion devices are sold world-wide and the average life is only a couple years. Value metals in phones are gold, palladium, silver, copper, cobalt and nickel. Devices now contain increasing amounts of rare earth elements (REE). In recent years the supply chain for REE has moved almost exclusively to China. They are contained in displays, speakers and vibrators within the devices. By US Department of Energy (DOE) classification, specific REEs (Nd, Dy, Eu, Tb and Y) are considered critical while others (Ce, La and Pr) are deemed near critical. Effective recycling schemes should include the recovery of these critical materials. By including more value materials in a recovery scheme, more value can be obtained by product diversification and less waste metals remains to be disposed of. REEs are mined as a group such that when specific elements become critical significantly more ore must be processed to capture the dilute but valuable critical elements. Targeted recycling of items containing the more of the less available critical materials could address their future criticality. This presentation will describe work in developing aqueous electrochemistry-based schemes for recycling metals from scrap mobile electronics. The electrorecycling process generates oxidizing agents at an anode while reducing dissolved metals at the cathode. E vs pH diagrams and metals dissolution experiments are used to assess effectiveness of various solution chemistries. Although several schemes were envisioned, a two stages process has been the focus of work: 1) initial dissolution of Cu, Sn, Ag and magnet materials using Fe+3 generated in acidic sulfate and 2) final dissolution of Pd and Au using Cl2 generated in an HCl solution. Experiments were performed using simulated metal mixtures. Both Cu and Ag were recovered at ~ 97% using Fe+3 while leaving Au and Ag intact. REE were extracted from the dissolved mixture using conventional methods. A discussion of future research directions will be discussed.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Electric wind in a Differential Mobility Analyzer

Electric wind -- the movement of gas, induced by ions moving in an electric field -- can be a distorting factor in size distribution measurements using Differential Mobility Analyzers (DMAs). The aim of this study was to determine the conditions under which electric wind occurs in the locally-built VLDMA (Very Long Differential Mobility Analyzer) and TSI Long-DMA (3081) and to describe the associated distortion of the measured spectra. Electric wind proved to be promoted by the increase of electric field strength, aerosol layer thickness, particle number concentration and particle size. The measured size spectra revealed three types of distortion: widening of the size distribution, shift of the mode of the distribution to smaller diameters and smoothing out the peaks of the multiply charged particles. Electric wind may therefore be a source of severe distortion of the spectrum when measuring large particles at high concentrations.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2018

Beam Breakup Mitigation by Ion Mobility in Plasma Acceleration

Moderate ion mobility provides a source of damping in the plasma wakefield acceleration, which may serve as an effective remedy against the transverse instability of the trailing bunch. Ion mobility in the fields of the driving and trailing bunches is taken into account; the related effects are estimated for the FACET-II parameters.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Mobile heat pipe cooled fast reactor system

A mobile heat pipe cooled fast nuclear reactor may be configured for transportation to remote locations and may be able to provide 0.5 to 2 megawatts of power. The mobile heat pipe cooled fast reactor may contain a plurality of heat pipes that are proximate to a plurality of fuel pins inside the reactor. The plurality of heat pipes may extend out of the reactor. The reactor may be configured to be placed in a standard shipping container, and may further be configured to be contained within a cask and attached to a skid for easier transportation.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Mobile heat pipe cooled fast reactor system

A mobile heat pipe cooled fast nuclear reactor may be configured for transportation to remote locations and may be able to provide 0.5 to 2 megawatts of power. The mobile heat pipe cooled fast reactor may contain a plurality of heat pipes that are proximate to a plurality of fuel pins inside the reactor. The plurality of heat pipes may extend out of the reactor. The reactor may be configured to be placed in a standard shipping container, and may further be configured to be contained within a cask and attached to a skid for easier transportation.

McClure, Patrick Ray↗
DOE OSTI2013

Mobile Pit verification system design based on passive special nuclear material verification in weapons storage facilities

A mobile 'drive by' passive radiation detection system to be applied in special nuclear materials (SNM) storage facilities for validation and compliance purposes has been designed through the use of computational modeling and new radiation detection methods. This project was the result of work over a 1 year period to create optimal design specifications to include creation of 3D models using both Monte Carlo and deterministic codes to characterize the gamma and neutron leakage out each surface of SNM-bearing canisters. Results were compared and agreement was demonstrated between both models. Container leakages were then used to determine the expected reaction rates using transport theory in the detectors when placed at varying distances from the can. A 'typical' background signature was incorporated to determine the minimum signatures versus the probability of detection to evaluate moving source protocols with collimation. This established the criteria for verification of source presence and time gating at a given vehicle speed. New methods for the passive detection of SNM were employed and shown to give reliable identification of age and material for highly enriched uranium (HEU) and weapons grade plutonium (WGPu). The finalized 'Mobile Pit Verification System' (MPVS) design demonstrated that a 'drive-by' detection system, collimated and operating at nominally 2 mph, is capable of rapidly verifying each and every weapon pit stored in regularly spaced, shelved storage containers, using completely passive gamma and neutron signatures for HEU and WGPu. This system is ready for real evaluation to demonstrate passive total material accountability in storage facilities. (authors)

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2012

Development and Deployment of the Mobile Arm Retrieval System (MARS) - 12187

Washington River Protection Solutions (WRPS) is developing and deploying Mobile Arm Retrieval System (MARS) technologies solutions to support retrieval of radioactive and chemical waste from underground single shell storage tanks (SST) located at the Hanford Site, which is near Richland, Washington. WRPS has developed the MARS using a standardized platform that is capable of deploying multiple retrieval technologies. To date, WRPS, working with their mentor-protege company, Columbia Energy and Environmental Services (CEES), has developed two retrieval mechanisms, MARS-Sluicing (MARS-S) and MARS-Vacuum (MARS-V). MARS-S uses pressurized fluids routed through spray nozzles to mobilize waste materials to a centrally located slurry pump (deployed in 2011). MARS-V uses pressurized fluids routed through an eductor nozzle. The eductor nozzle allows a vacuum to be drawn on the waste materials. The vacuum allows the waste materials to be moved to an in-tank vessel, then extracted from the SST and subsequently pumped to newer and safer double shell tanks (DST) for storage until the waste is treated for disposal. The MARS-S system is targeted for sound SSTs (i.e., non leaking tanks). The MARS-V is targeted for assumed leaking tanks or those tanks that are of questionable integrity. Both versions of MARS are being/have been developed in compliance with WRPS's TFC-PLN-90, Technology Development Management Plan [1]. TFC-PLN-90 includes a phased approach to design, testing, and ultimate deployment of new technologies. The MARS-V is scheduled to be deployed in tank 241-C-105 in late 2012. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2023

Science Plan for the Deployment of the Third ARM Mobile Facility to the Southeastern United States at the Bankhead National Forest, Alabama (AMF3 BNF)

In 2018, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) held a workshop for the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) (Mather and Voyles 2013) user facility to discuss critical climate challenges and locations where key ARM Mobile Facility (AMF) observational assets could impact Earth system modeling (ESM). As an outcome, the southeast United States (SE U.S.) was identified as a high-priority region to target climate-process studies that promote a deeper understanding of the climate system and bolster ARM interactions with the community to drive ESM advancement. The DOE ARM user facility is a globally recognized leader in deploying and operating strategically located observation sites around the world for studying the properties of aerosols and clouds and their interaction with radiation, precipitation, and the Earth’s surface. In partnering with the DOE Atmospheric System Research (ASR) program, ARM solicited a multi-agency Site Science Team approach to provide input and close interaction with ARM management towards a successful SE U.S. deployment of the ARM third Mobile Facility (AMF3) (Miller et al. 2016). These efforts included identifying key locations, science drivers and instruments, and measurement strategies to address the wider climate-process needs and ESM improvement. Community input served a vital role in establishing, refining, and informing the relevant drivers and decisions regarding this AMF3 deployment. The team has identified Northern Alabama (N. AL) as regionally representative to unlock the key opportunities that will improve our understanding and model representation of aerosol, cloud, and land surface processes and their couplings in the SE U.S. A defining aspect of the AMF3 deployment is its commitment to long-term (anticipated five-year) observations to mitigate potential seasonal-to-annual variability that often limits appropriate attribution of phenomena to local or larger-scale processes. The proposed location may leverage nearby surface networks and multi-agency and partner assets to enrich this multi-year deployment. One motivation is to understand the role of spatiotemporal variability (thermodynamic, land-surface) across aspects of the climate system, with our AMF3 team anticipating future demands on characterizing the relationships between local-to-regional cloud development and surface processes across a diverse patchwork of natural, managed, and urban landscapes as found throughout the N. AL regions. The main site targets an intact, representative, forested region – the Bankhead National Forest (BNF) – underscoring further team commitment to regionally important land atmosphere two-way interactive studies “from the canopy to the clouds”, with enhanced tower instrumentation augmenting traditional ARM capabilities adjacent to this site. Multiple supplemental sites will also be distributed across this region, prioritizing added needs for biodiversity. Anticipated high-priority cloud science themes will target N. AL as a regional SE U.S. hotbed for high-impact weather, convective cloud onset, and shallow to-deep cloud transitioning. Anticipated aerosol drivers will focus on chemical processes that control the evolution of organic aerosol, the seasonality and spatial distribution of water vapor and particle-phase water, and its role on aerosol optical properties. Anticipated land atmosphere drivers consider the two-way feedbacks between surface influence on aerosols, clouds, and precipitation properties and the associated radiative impacts on plant physiology and canopy-scale fluxes. Emphasis will include the study of the impact of surface processes on aerosols via precursor emission, and on clouds via moisture flux and thermal development.

Doppler lidar, aerosols, convection↗
DOE OSTI2015

Mobile platform for radiological characterization of sites under or after decommissioning - 15139

Nowadays, nuclear industry is facing a crucial need in establishing radiological characterization for the assessment and the monitoring of any remediation work. Regarding its experience in this domain, the French Commission for Atomic Energy and Alternative Energies (CEA) of Fontenay-aux-Roses, established an important feedback and developed a sound methodology for radiological characterization. A clean-up project is managed from the initial surface characterization to the final one, once volumes of contaminated soil have been removed. Samples are collected via recognized methods and data is gathered by real-time acquisition with different conveyance such as all-in-vehicles, cart, walking, helicopter or drone. Accurate radiological analyses are performed on site thanks to the mobile laboratories cluster, called SMaRT. It enables to realize long-time gamma spectroscopy, chemical preparation for alpha spectroscopy or beta liquid scintillation counting. Data is processed with geo-statistics via the software Kartotrak, 2D or 3D mapping are created with the associated uncertainty and probability map. Drilling profiles with geological data (layers composition, particles size, etc.) are studied in order to understand the behavior of the contamination in depth. Source term, contaminated volumes and sanitary impact are calculated in order to determine the optimum excavation depth. Finally, data is stored in an online site that insures the traceability of the whole process. This just-in-time production model allows a fast response and control of costs and avoids the disadvantages of radioactive material transport. This whole innovative process, developed inside the mobile platform, requires all these tools that have been used in France and continuously evolving for more than 10 years thanks to a learning organization. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2018

Facilities Asset Mobile Environment (FAME): From Old School to World Class - 18224

Newport News Shipbuilding (NNS) is on a mission to achieve and sustain world-class performance and maintenance excellence for Facilities Support. Our Computerized Maintenance Management System (CMMS) installation was 17 years old, and legacy data structures were inadequate to support collection of accurate reliability data. The Facilities Asset Mobile Environment (FAME) project includes three major segments - Mobile Hardware, Information, and Process Upgrades supported by the CMMS. By implementing the FAME project, NNS is making significant strides in improving Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) and Mean Time To Repair (MTTR). (authors)

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2018

A Novel Mobile Examination and Remediation Facility for On-Site Remediation of Dry Storage Systems - 18389

Most of the spent nuclear fuel (SNF) in dry storage in the United States is safely and securely stored in dual-purpose (i.e., storage and transportation) canisters [1]. However, some of the SNF is stored in storage-only (i.e., non-transportable) packages, or packages that may become nonconforming for continued storage or transportation for a variety of reasons. Currently, the capability to remediate dry storage systems (DSSs) for SNF that are not transportable or that need to be repaired to maintain confinement boundary integrity during storage service does not exist without on-site access to a spent fuel pool. Hence, there is a potential future need for a mobile facility with remediation capabilities that can be used at multiple storage installations. These capabilities would permit needed repairs to an existing DSS to support continued storage or for the dry transfer of fuel to a new conveyance suitable for transport, if necessary. This is a technical paper that does not take into account the contractual limitations under the Standard Contract for Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuel and/or High-Level Radioactive Waste (Standard Contract) (10 CFR Part 961). Under the provisions of the Standard Contract, DOE does not consider spent nuclear fuel in canisters to be an acceptable waste form, absent a mutually agreed to contract amendment. To the extent discussions or recommendations in this paper conflict with the provisions of the Standard Contract, the Standard Contract provisions prevail. A novel design concept for a Mobile Examination and Remediation Facility (MERF) is proposed with functions and capabilities to remediate a DSS. The proposed MERF would be a multi-purpose facility, remotely operated and computer-controlled with semi-automated equipment to allow trained operators to safely perform remediation activities while keeping worker radiation dose as low as reasonably achievable. It would include a shielded rotating platform with support towers and would use commercial off- the-shelf examination and repair equipment. A slip ring arrangement underneath the rotating platform would allow for the power supply without impeding the continuous rotation and would simplify cable management. The support towers would be mounted on the rotating platform, and each tower would have vertical and horizontal positioning capability for axial and radial tool location. The rotating platform would be attached to the main MERF structure. Capabilities would include visual, surface, and volumetric examinations to fully characterize physical conditions on canister surface before and after a repair; repair techniques, e.g., laser beam welding, friction stir welding, or cold spray, to perform needed remediation activities; and associated equipment for surface preparation such as cutting and grinding equipment. The proposed design would be simple, modular, robust, economically viable, and easily transportable and would have a small footprint. The modular design would present several advantages including compatibility with a variety of different DSSs, on-site assembly, and transportability; it also would be built in interchangeable sections to facilitate decontamination. Further, shielding would be supplemented through interface with the existing transfer cask and storage overpack. Robustness and canister stability would be achieved using pneumatic holders and steel support structures designed with vibration absorbers to reduce impacts and/or a 'pendulum' effect during a seismic event. Thus, the proposed MERF would be designed to: (i) minimize handling of an affected DSS to the extent practicable, (ii) provide radiation shielding and minimize dose to operators and the public during remediation activities, and (iii) enable examination, repair, and repackaging. This paper describes the proposed MERF design concept and capabilities, main components, equipment, different modes of operation, and operating procedures. Structural and safety assessments would need to be performed before final design, licensing, and deployment. The MERF is evaluated with respect to regulatory impact (first of a kind, prior experience), operational impact (safety, security, staffing, ongoing operations, constraints), worker dose (low, medium, high), cost (low, medium, high), schedule (duration, time sequence), and technology readiness level. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2022

Roadmap to Automated Mobility Systems: Informing the Planning of a Sustainable, Resilient Transportation Ecosystem for Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) developed this report to provide Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport (DFW) assistance toward a vision that considers the maturation and proliferation of mobility automation, electrification, and infrastructure integrated with Internet of Things (IoT) technologies as they present themselves on the path to 2035. In planning ongoing infrastructure investments, DFW has goals to accommodate and leverage these enabling technologies toward greater sustainability and enhanced traveler and employee experiences, ensuring that infrastructure investments are fully utilized into the future. The objective of this document is to assist DFW to anticipate and envision future airport access by travelers, employees, and goods by examining existing needs and exploring opportunities enabled by technology that informs longer-term infrastructure planning. The vast infrastructure of DFW, which includes buildings, roadways, and other physical structures, as well as growing digital and energy network infrastructures, requires long-term planning and strategy to fully leverage technology advancement and avoid abandoning assets due to functional obsolescence.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗