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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,693 records · Page 94
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

Ab initio prediction of FeCr sigma (001)/FCC Fe(111) interfacial energy: Effect of interfacial doping of C, B, and N

Interfacial energy plays a crucial role for high-temperature material systems in determining their microstructure evolution and mechanical properties. Optimizing the interfacial energy through doping can improve the stability, performance, and overall functionality of these materials. Here, the present study delivers theoretical investigation on the sigma FeCr (001)//FCC Fe (111) interfacial energy using ab initio methods, focusing on the implications of interfacial doping with important interstitial elements carbon (C), boron (B), and nitrogen (N). The calculated interfacial energy without doping is 0.183J/m 2 . Upon doping, notable reductions in interfacial energy were observed. Doping with B decreased the interfacial energy to 0.046J/m 2 , with single C doping to 0.126J/m 2 , with two C doping to 0.098J/m 2 , and with a single N doping to 0.071J/m 2 . These findings not only shed light on the atomistic origin for the effect of stabilizing the microstructure of stainless steel at elevated temperatures by interstitial doping, but also present a systematic, thorough ab initio approach to predict interfacial doping properties and guide alloy design to enhance the performance and stability.

FeCr sigma phase↗
DOE OSTI2026

A Feasibility Study on the Integration of Human Performance Data From Diverse Sources Based on the Complexity of a Proceduralized Task

Securing the safety of socio-technical systems including nuclear facilities is the upmost goal to ensure their sustainability because historical records demonstrate that the performance degradation of human operators (e.g., human errors) is one of the crucial contributors to the occurrence of unexpected events resulting in extensive casualties and financial losses. This implies that the collection of human performance data in diverse conditions with which they could be faced during the operation of nuclear facilities. As this collection requires significant resources, it is necessary to resolve how to accomplish it with limited resources. To address this challenge, as suggested in the SHEEP framework, it is indispensable to extract valuable insights after integrating various kinds of human performance data obtained from different sources. However, a practical method to soundly integrate them seems to be still incomplete. Accordingly, the applicability of TACOM (Task Complexity) measure is investigated as a tool to identify useful information based on the integration of human performance data observed from different simulation conditions. As a result, it is expected that the TACOM measure would play an important role in addressing the technical challenge in securing human performance data.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Ultra-Wideband Communications: Interference Challenges and Solutions

The idea of ultra-wideband (UWB) communications for short ranges (up to a few tens of meters) has been around for nearly three decades. However, despite significant efforts by the industry, UWB deployment has not yet reached its predicted potential. This article, thus, seeks to rectify this situation by providing a practical examination of UWB interference conditions. Through a spectrum survey of today's wireless environments, we explore the interference that UWB devices may face from a perspective of outage probability in both high- and low-rate configurations. We find that by suppressing interference, the outage probability can be reduced by one or more orders of magnitude. In the non-line-of-sight channels, in particular, we find that both interference suppression and bandwidth expansion are required to support the minimum data rates suggested in the IEEE802.15.4 series of standards. Here, we connect these findings to a recently proposed UWB signaling method based on filter banks and show this method fulfills the above requirements for implementing effective UWB systems.

99 - GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Filtered Multi-Tone Spread Spectrum With Overlapping Subbands

A new form of the filter bank multi-carrier spread spectrum (FBMC-SS) waveform is presented. This new waveform modifies the filtered multi-tone spread spectrum (FMT-SS) system, and is intended to whiten the power spectral density (PSD) of the transmit signal. In the conventional FMT-SS, subcarrier bands are non-overlapping, leaving a spectral null between the adjacent subcarrier bands. To make FMT-SS more appealing for a broader set of applications than those studied in the past, we propose adding additional subcarriers centered at these nulls and thoroughly explore the impact of the added subcarriers on the system performance. This modified form of FMT-SS is referred to as overlapped FMT-SS (OFMT-SS). We explore the conditions required for maximally flattening the PSD of the synthesized OFMT-SS signal and for cancelling the interference caused by overlapping subbands. We also explore the choices of spreading gains that result in a low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) for a number of different scenarios. Further reduction of the PAPR of the synthesized signal through clipping methods is also explored. Additionally, we propose methods of multi-coding for increasing the data rate of the OFMT-SS waveform, while minimally impacting its PAPR.

42 - ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2025

Identifying Adversarial Cyber-Activity in Operational Technology Environments Using Bayesian Networks

Critical infrastructure and other operational technology (OT) environments face increasing cybersecurity risks from adversarial behavior. This paper describes the development of a risk model using a Bayesian network to enhance the comprehension of observable cyber events caused by malicious activity in OT environments. The core of the Bayesian network is a process model that describes the stages of adversary behavior. The remainder of the model is based on the MITRE ATT&CK® for Industrial Control Systems (ICS) taxonomy, which includes tactics and techniques that may be used by the adversary. The observables provide evidence for adversary behavior through the intermediary technique and tactic nodes. One challenge in constructing this model is a lack of open-source data from cyber-attacks on OT systems. This paper discusses learning from limited data, the elicitation of expert opinion to construct the conditional probability tables when data is scarce, and the refinement of the most difficult conditional probabilities tables using several forms of sensitivity analyses. Finally, the Bayesian network is demonstrated using two historical case studies: the DarkSide ransomware attack on the Colonial Pipeline and the destructive cyberattack targeting the ThyssenKrupp blast furnace. Index Terms—Cybersecurity, industrial control systems, operational technology

97 - MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2025

Microstructure, mechanical, and thermal properties of compositionally complex (Hf,Zr,Nb,Ti)B 2 ‒LaB 6 ceramics

Novel compositionally complex borides, (Hf,Zr,Nb,Ti)B 2 and (Hf,Zr,Nb,Ti)B 2 ‒LaB 6 , were fabricated using spark plasma sintering process. (Hf,Zr,Nb,Ti)B 2 ‒LaB 6 exhibits a dual-phase microstructure, in which (Hf,Zr,Nb,Ti)B 2 is a primary phase with the hexagonal structure and LaB 6 is a secondary phase with a cubic structure. The mechanical properties of both (Hf,Zr,Nb,Ti)B 2 and (Hf,Zr,Nb,Ti)B 2 ‒LaB 6 are comparable, with a combination of high hardness and moderate fracture toughness. Thermal diffusivity and conductivity of (Hf,Zr,Nb,Ti)B 2 are much lower than the individual transition metal borides but are significantly increased by the addition of LaB 6 . Herein, it is implied that the thermal properties of boride ceramics can be controlled through the appropriate design of principal metal element compositions.

borides↗
DOE OSTI2025

ScaWL: Scaling k-WL (Weisfeiler-Lehman) Algorithms in Memory and Performance on Shared and Distributed-Memory Systems

The k-dimensional Weisfeiler-Lehman (k-WL) algorithm—developed as an efficient heuristic for testing if two graphs are isomorphic—is a fundamental kernel for node embedding in the emerging field of graph neural networks. Unfortunately, the k-WL algorithm has exponential storage requirements, limiting the size of graphs that can be handled. This work presents a novel k-WL scheme with a storage requirement orders of magnitude lower while maintaining the same accuracy as the original k-WL algorithm. Due to the reduced storage requirement, our scheme allows for processing much bigger graphs than previously possible on a single compute node. For even bigger graphs, we provide the first distributed-memory implementation. Our k-WL scheme also has significantly reduced communication volume and offers high scalability. Our experimental results demonstrate that our approach is significantly faster and has superior scalability compared to five other implementations employing state-of-the-art techniques.

algorithims↗
DOE OSTI2025

Neutron-Friendly Li-Ion Battery Coin Cell for In Situ 3D Visualization of Li Plating

Advanced battery characterization using in situ/operando neutron imaging is critical for uncovering degradation modes such as lithium (Li) plating in Li-ion batteries (LIBs). However, conventional LIBs hinder operando neutron radiography (NR) and in situ neutron micro-computed tomography (N-μCT) for visualizing Li plating near the graphite-separator interface due to strong attenuation from hydrogen-rich components like PP–PE–PP separators, electrolyte, and Fe-based spacers. In this work, we designed and tested a neutron-friendly battery (NFB) optimized for in situ Li detection during extreme fast charging (XFC). Guided by neutron attenuation cross-sections and material transmission, the NFB enables clear visualization at the graphite–separator interface, which is typically opaque in standard LIBs. Electrochemical tests show the NFB exhibits voltage/current responses like standard cells for up to 50 XFC cycles. However, its lower reversibility and capacity are likely due to Cu-coated Al spacer degradation from delamination or corrosion. We propose titanium spacers as a more stable alternative, albeit requiring custom machining. Using this optimized cell, we achieved simultaneous neutron tomography of multiple cells, capturing in situ 3D images of dead Li accumulation, particularly near graphite edges. These heterogeneous deposits and disconnected Li clusters suggest localized current density hotspots during XFC.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2023

idaholab/cape2stix

This software allows for the conversion, extraction, and transformation of malware behavior data from "Malware Configuration And Payload Extraction" (CAPEv2) sandbox reports, to Structured Threat Information eXpression (STIX). This allows for further analysis to be performed, sharing of threat data, and transit to a graph database.

Cutshaw, Michael [Idaho National Laboratory (INL),↗
DOE OSTI2023

Deeplynx Rust Sdk

This software is a Rust package that interacts with the Application Programming Interface (API) suite provided by DeepLynx. A Rust codebase may import this package in order to have access to these methods for communicating with a DeepLynx instance.

Browning, JerenM [Idaho National Laboratory (INL),↗
DOE OSTI2023

Resilience Development For Electric Energy Delivery Systems

The Resilience Development for Electric Energy Delivery Systems (ResDEEDS) tool walks users through the process of evaluating electric energy delivery systems (EEDS) for resiliency. It implements the steps of the INL Resilience Framework for EEDS and provides automated tracking of resilience planning and suggestions for mitigating hazards.

Culler, MeganJ.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Potassium Fluid Properties

This software is used to compute numerous properties for the liquid and vapor phases of potassium.

Andrs, David↗
DOE OSTI2023

Doe Nuclear Forensics Player Injection Tool

The code is intended for mobile devices and provides simulated localized fallout environment information to players participating in DOE Forensics training exercises.

Thompson, ScottJ. [Idaho National Laboratory (INL)↗