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At least 1,693 records · Page 94

NASA’s Electric Propulsion Development Activities for Space Nuclear Propulsion Applications

Given increased worldwide support for advanced nuclear technology for terrestrial applications, there is a renewed interest in the possibility of nuclear-reactor-powered spacecraft. NASA continues investing in the technology areas necessary to support NASA’s future scientific and exploration goals. One of those technologies areas is electric propulsion, a highly efficient means for in-space propulsion that increases fuel economy by ionizing and accelerating an onboard propellant using spacecraft electrical power. The current NASA portfolio of electric propulsion investments in support of space nuclear applications focuses on a range of future applications with total system power levels of 50 kilowatts to multimegawatt. These investments support a fast-paced incremental rate for technology development advancement to support these applications. Systems at the 50-kilowatt power level can be accomplished today with existing technology and systems at the multimegawatt level will require further technology developments over the coming decade. Propulsion systems based an array of multiple Hall thrusters have been identified the most likely technology option for the near-term applications and systems utilizing lithium-fueled magneto-plasma-dynamic thrusters have been identified as the most promising alternative technology option for the far-term applications at very high-power levels.

Electric propulsion↗

High Broadband Spectral Resolving Transition-Edge Sensors for High Count-Rate Astrophysical Applications

We are developing arrays of transition-edge sensor (TES) X-ray detectors optimized for high count-rate solar astronomy applications where characterizing the high velocity motions of X-ray jets in solar flares is of particular interest. These devices are fabricated on thick Si substrates and consist of 35x35micron^2 TESs with 4.5micron thick, 60micron pitch, electroplated absorbers. We have tested devices fabricated with different geometric stem contact areas with the TES and surrounding substrate area, which allows us to investigate the loss of athermal phonons to the substrate. Results show a correlation between the stem contact area and a non-Gaussian broadening in the spectral line shape consistent with athermal phonon loss. When the contact area is minimized we have obtained remarkable board-band spectral resolving capabilities of 1.3 plus or minus 0.leV at an energy of 1.5 keV, 1.6 plus or minus 0.1 eV at 5.9 keV and 2.0 plus or minus 0.1 eV at 8 keV. This, coupled with a capability of accommodating 100's of counts per second per pixel makes these devices an exciting prospect of future x-ray astronomy applications.

Smith, Stephen↗

Energy efficient engine. Volume 2. Appendix A: Component development and integration program

The large size and the requirement for precise lightening cavities in a considerable portion of the titanium fan blades necessitated the development of a new manufacturing method. The approach which was selected for development incorporated several technologies including HIP diffusion bonding of titanium sheet laminates containing removable cores and isothermal forging of the blade form. The technology bases established in HIP/DB for composite blades and in isothermal forging for fan blades were applicable for development of the manufacturing process. The process techniques and parameters for producing and inspecting the cored diffusion bonded titanium laminate blade preform were established. The method was demonstrated with the production of twelve hollow simulated blade shapes for evaluation. Evaluations of the critical experiments conducted to establish procedures to produce hollow structures by a laminate/core/diffusion bonding approach are included. In addition the transfer of this technology to produce a hollow fan blade is discussed.

Moracz, D. J.↗

Process Produces Low-Secondary-Electron-Emission Surfaces

Textured carbon layer applied to copper by sputtering. Carbon surface characterized by dense, random array of needle-like spires or peaks that extend perpendicularly from local copper surface. Spires approximately 7 micrometers in height and spaced approximately 3 micrometers apart, on average. Copper substrate essentially completely covered by carbon layer, is tenacious and not damaged by vibration loadings representative of multistage depressed collector (MDC) applications. Process developed primarily to provide extremely low-secondary-electron-emission surface for copper for use as highefficiency electrodes in MDC's for microwave amplifier traveling-wave tubes (TWT's). Tubes widely used in space communications, aircraft, and terrestrial applications.

Curren, A. N.↗

Differential equations of motion for combined flapwise bending, chordwise bending, and torsion of twisted nonuniform rotor blades

The differential equations of motion for the lateral and torsional deformations of twisted rotating beams are developed for application to helicopter rotor and propeller blades. No assumption is made regarding the coincidence of the neutral, elastic, and mass axes, and the generality is such that previous theories involving various simplifications are contained as subcases to the theory developed and presented in this paper. Special attention is given to coupling terms not found in previous theories, and methods of solution of the equations of motion are indicated by selected examples.

VIBRATION AND FLUTTER - ROTATING-WING AIRCRAFT↗

Spanning surface interaction length scales for the design of industrial antifouling materials

Fouling of surfaces introduces significant operational and economic challenges in marine and membrane systems. While empirical fouling assays and surface science methodologies have independently introduced fouling resistant methodologies and functionalities within each of these respective application spaces, they remain limited by their inability to extrapolate findings across length scales and inform materials design strategies. This perspective emphasizes the need to bridge the macroscale fouling assays conducted in the marine community and molecular-scale insights obtained from the membranes community. Here, by uniting these approaches, generalized design strategies can be developed across applications, leading to the realization of effective antifouling materials over a wide spectrum of operating conditions and foulant types. Standardized and high-throughput methodologies are proposed as tools to unify research efforts to drive the development of next-generation antifouling coatings and treatments.

fouling assays↗

Quality Assurance Project Plan for the Salish Sea Model – Continuing Development of New Capabilities and Applications: European Green Crab (EGC) Larval Transport, Coupling to VELMA and Atlantis, Performance Improvements and Diagnostic Applications

This quality assurance project plan (QAPP) is for proposed FY24-FY27 efforts to (a) develop/expand a predictive European Green Crab (EGC) larval dispersal model for the Salish Sea, (b) add linkage between VELMA (Visualizing Ecosystem Land Management Assessments) watershed model and Atlantis model (ecosystem dynamics and food web) through SSM, and (c) continue SSM capability development through the addition of metals, harmful algal blooms (HABs), and FVCOM-LTRANS (Lagrangian Larval Transport) modules.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

Growth and evaluation of AgGaS2 and AgGaSe2 for infrared nonlinear applications

Significant advances were made in the growth technology of silver thiogallate (AgGaS2) and silver selenogallate (AgGaSe2). High efficiency harmonic generation of carbon dioxide laser radiation and tunable infrared parametric oscillation were demonstrated using these materials. Nonliner frequency conversion in the infrared was limited by the optical properties and the size of the available nonlinear materials. The development of these materials has reduced some of the limitations and generated wide interest. The continued development and application of AgGaS2 and AgGaSe2 now appears assured.

Byer, R. L.↗

Proceedings of the 5th Annual Users' Conference

The Transportable Applications Executive (TAE) was conceived in 1979. It was proposed to be a general purpose software executive that could be applied in various systems. The success of this concept and of TAE was demonstrated. Topics included: TAE current status; TAE development; TAE applications; and UNIX emphasis.

Szczur, M.↗

Applications of a general thermal/hydraulic simulation tool

The analytic techniques, sample applications, and development status of a general-purpose computer program called SINDA '85/FLUINT (for systems improved numerical differencing analyzer, 1985 version with fluid integrator), designed for simulating thermal structures and internal fluid systems, are described, with special attention given to the applications of the fluid system capabilities. The underlying assumptions, methodologies, and modeling capabilities of the system are discussed. Sample applications include component-level and system-level simulations. A system-level analysis of a cryogenic storage system is presented.

Cullimore, B. A.↗

Application of computational fluid dynamics and laminar flow technology for improved performance and sonic boom reduction

A discussion is given of the many factors that affect sonic booms with particular emphasis on the application and development of improved computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes. The benefits that accrue from interference (induced) lift, distributing lift using canard configurations, the use of wings with dihedral or anhedral and hybrid laminar flow control for drag reduction are detailed. The application of the most advanced codes to a wider variety of configurations along with improved ray-tracing codes to arrive at more accurate and, hopefully, lower sonic booms is advocated. Finally, it is speculated that when all of the latest technology is applied to the design of a supersonic transport it will be found environmentally acceptable.

Bobbitt, Percy J.↗

Station Program Note Pull Automation

Upon commencement of my internship, I was in charge of maintaining the CoFR (Certificate of Flight Readiness) Tool. The tool acquires data from existing Excel workbooks on NASA's and Boeing's databases to create a new spreadsheet listing out all the potential safety concerns for upcoming flights and software transitions. Since the application was written in Visual Basic, I had to learn a new programming language and prepare to handle any malfunctions within the program. Shortly afterwards, I was given the assignment to automate the Station Program Note (SPN) Pull process. I developed an application, in Python, that generated a GUI (Graphical User Interface) that will be used by the International Space Station Safety & Mission Assurance team here at Johnson Space Center. The application will allow its users to download online files with the click of a button, import SPN's based on three different pulls, instantly manipulate and filter spreadsheets, and compare the three sources to determine which active SPN's (Station Program Notes) must be reviewed for any upcoming flights, missions, and/or software transitions. Initially, to perform the NASA SPN pull (one of three), I had created the program to allow the user to login to a secure webpage that stores data, input specific parameters, and retrieve the desired SPN's based on their inputs. However, to avoid any conflicts with sustainment, I altered it so that the user may login and download the NASA file independently. After the user has downloaded the file with the click of a button, I defined the program to check for any outdated or pre-existing files, for successful downloads, to acquire the spreadsheet, convert it from a text file to a comma separated file and finally into an Excel spreadsheet to be filtered and later scrutinized for specific SPN numbers. Once this file has been automatically manipulated to provide only the SPN numbers that are desired, they are stored in a global variable, shown on the GUI, and transferred over to a new Excel worksheet for comparison. I managed to get my application to acquire the CSWG (Computer Safety Working Group) and the SPNWG (Space Station Working Group) SPN's with just two mouse clicks for each pull, as opposed to several from the original process. When all three pulls are performed, an Excel sheet containing all three different results will be generated for the user to compare and determine which SPN's will be presented or reviewed the following month. The experience from this internship has been spectacular. As a high school senior who will begin attending college in the fall, this internship has been both educationally and occupationally beneficial. The internship has allowed me the opportunities to learn new programming languages, effectively network with NASA personnel from a variety of departments at JSC, and allowed me to learn new professional skills and etiquette. My internship at NASA's Johnson Space Center has further motivated me to pursue a Master's degree in Software Engineering and strive for a prosperous career with NASA as a civil servant.

Delgado, Ivan↗

12th World Conference on Neutron Radiography Program

This program is for the 12th Annual World Neutron Conference hosted by INL, held in Idaho Falls. Included is the conference schedule, abstracts from presenters, outings, a tour of EBR-1, and facilities at MFC including: TREAT, HFEF, and IMCL. INL researcher abstracts are found on the following pgs: 26, 42, 52, 103, 119, 169, 170, 173, and 182. The 12th World Conference on Neutron Radiography (WCNR-12) is an international forum that brings together researchers, engineers, industry practitioners and university students to promote, discuss and disseminate a wide range of topics in neutron imaging. This weeklong conference focuses on the latest methods, instrumentation and facilities, improvements in data processing and interpretation, and new applications of neutron imaging. Ever-improving neutron imaging instruments and new methods push the frontiers of science and address industrial needs. Many user facilities at large research centers with powerful neutron imaging beamlines address the research needs of an increasingly diverse range of applications. Recent developments in accelerator-based sources could expand the user base for neutron imaging by making compact neutron sources available at facilities beyond large neutron sources at major research centers. Industrial practitioners continue to use neutron imaging for practical industrial applications following industry standards. The World Conference on Neutron Radiography series is organized by the International Society for Neutron Radiography (ISNR) to promote the field of neutron imaging and foster interaction and communication between experts and users in the field (see isnr.de). WCNR-12 continues a series of meetings initiated and started in San Diego, California, in December 1981. In intervals of about four years, the conference moved between the United States, Japan and Europe until the most recent one (WCNR-11) in Sydney, Australia, in 2018 (see previous ISNR proceedings here: https://www.isnr.de/index.php/conferences.)

99 - GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗

Web-based Preprocessing and Visualization of 3D FIB Tomography Data for Nuclear Fuel Characterization

Three-dimensional (3D) focused ion beam (FIB) tomography enables reconstruction of internal nuclear fuel features that can't be fully evaluated through surface imaging alone. This capability supports characterization of fuel constituents and defects under thermal and irradiation conditions relevant to microreactor development. However, large tomography datasets can create data-handling, loading, and visualization challenges, especially when image-stack preparation and file conversion must be completed with separate tools. The Computational Ultraspatial Tomography Toolkit for High-Resolution Object Analysis Tools (CUTTRHOAT) is an open-source web application being developed to display FIB tomography datasets available through the Nuclear Research Data System (NRDS). The current alpha version requires prepared HDF5 datasets and has limited integrated data-preparation capabilities. This project improves CUTTHROAT by adding dataset-folder selection, automatic input detection, dataset scanning, missing-slice identification, blank-slice insertion, and image-stack-to-HDF5 conversion. Two applications will be compared: the baseline CUTTHROAT alpha workflow and the updated application containing the integrated data-handling and preprocessing functions. Evaluation will consider dataset detection accuracy, conversion success, loading time, rendering responsiveness, application stability, and user interaction. Preliminary results demonstrate successful loading of existing HDF5 files and converted image stacks, while testing also identified performance reductions caused by excessive blank-slice generation. The updated workflow reduces reliance on external preparation tools and supports more direct movement from image stacks to color-code 3D visualization. Future work includes refining missing-slice handling, integrating additional preprocessing functions, like a denoising feature, parsing TIFF metadata for automatic voxel scaling, and adding manual X, Y, and Z voxel-spacing inputs for PNG and JPEG.

36 - MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Celestial Mapping System for Lunar Surface Mapping and Analytics

Celestial Mapping System (CMS) is a software platform to generate virtual 3D globe for celestial bodies within our solar system. Various layers are built on top of the virtual globe to provide visualization of high resolution imagery, enable precise measurements, build analytical capabilities and broad range of functionalities to assist planetary scientists and mission planners. CMS is built using OpenJDK 11 and will run on a wide variety of platforms such as Linux, Windows, OSX, etc. It has a thick client with less overhead to access hardware resources. This allows features such as terrain profiling and distance calculations to be performed on the client and on the fly. The present focus of CMS is on developing lunar mapping tool kits to provide features such as - 3D first person view with zoom and navigational capabilities, realistic terrain visualization based on LRO data, measurement tools, Apollo landing site annotations, stereoscopic view, elevation profiles, line of sight analysis and many more. The application is developed to provide situational and domain awareness on Lunar surface, planning capabilities for equipment placements and traverse path optimization. As data becomes available, CMS has the capabilities to integrate data sets that change dynamically in real-time, which will be useful for monitoring satellites and remotely-sensed data on Lunar surface. CMS utilizes NASA WorldWind Java library and OpenGL to achieve high-performance rendering of data and measurements, and also adheres to OGC standards. CMS supports importing synthetic features in a variety of 3D, 2D, vector and raster formats. Nomenclature is pulled from USGS Moon IAU2000 database, and lunar parameters are based of the standardized IAU2000 Moon ellipsoid. GDAL (Geospatial Data Abstraction Library) was used to modify and test the accuracy of datasets before integrating into the application. Our high-resolution global elevation model was compared with the LRO LOLA DEM elevation values and tested to ensure accuracy. Celestial Mapping System has several potential use cases for NASA including subsurface lava tubes visualization and analysis, soil analysis, resource visualization and representation on 3D globe.

GIS system↗

Oregon trails revisted

Oregon State University's Environmental Remote Sensing Applications Laboratory (ERSAL) has six full-time researchers with expertise in a variety of biological, Earth, atmospheric and computer sciences as well as image interpretation and statistical techniques. The primary emphasis of the ERSAL research and demonstration program is the development and application of remote sensing technology in operational resource management programs. LANDSAT multi-spectral, multi-date digital data and imagery are utilized in concert with high altitude NASA-acquired photography, low altitude ERSAL-acquired photography, and field observations and data to provide customized, inexpensive and useful final products. Synopses are given of 9 applications projects conducted in Oregon.

Lewis, A. J.↗

Electric thruster models for multimegawatt nuclear electric propulsion mission design

Three types of electric thrusters currently under development at JPL have potential to support future missions which utilize multimegawatt nuclear electric propulsion. These electric thrusters are the electron bombardment ion thruster, the magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) thruster, and the electron-cyclotron-resonance (ECR) thruster. The electron bombardment ion thruster is a relatively mature technology which has been developed for operation at kilowatt power levels but will require new development for application in the multimegawatt regime. The MPD engine represents a technology which may be very well suited to steady-state multimegawatt applications but which has been limited to sub-scale (100's of kW) and pulsed (MW) testing thus far. The ECR plasma engine represents a class of very promising new concepts which are still in the basic research phase of development, but which may possess important fundamental advantages over other electric thruster technologies. Models of these thrusters are described and used to make projections of thrusters specific mass, efficiency, and power handling capacity for operation in the multimegawatt regime.

Leifer, Stephanie D.↗

Studies of the Surface Treatment and Sizing of Carbon Fiber Surfaces on the Mechanical Properties of Composites Containing Carbon Fibers

Carbon fiber reinforced composites are materials where carbon fibers are used to reinforce a matrix to produce a light and strong material with important applications in the aerospace industry. There are many aspects of the preparation of these materials that would benefit from a study which combines the research of groups involved in the production, testing and analysis of these materials, and studies of the basic surface chemistry involved. This final reports presents the results of a project that has developed a collaboration between groups in all three of the major research universities in the State of Kansas, and promises to lead to a collaborative program that covers the major aspects of composite development and application. Sherwood has provided initial fiber surface treatment and sizing together with fiber and composite surface analysis; Lease, Tomblin and Wang have worked together toward the goal of preparing pre-preg and fabrication of laminated panels; Locke has developed computational models to evaluate the effect of surface treatment (and chemistry) on mechanical properties; Lease, Tomblin and Wang have worked together to perform all necessary mechanical testing. The research has been focused on materials that would benefit the High Speed Civil Transport (HSCT) program. The group has visited Dr. Howard Maars and his colleagues at NASA Langley, and has focused their studies on the NASA requirements discussed in this meeting. An important development, requested by NASA scientists, has been the acquisition and study of K3B as a matrix material for the composites. The project has led to the successful acquisition and surface analysis of K3B, together with the successful deposition of this material onto surface oxidized carbon fibers. Mechanical testing, modelling and the construction of composite preparation equipment has been achieved during the grant period.

Sherwood, Peter M. A.↗