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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,675 records · Page 93
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Streamlining heterologous expression of top carbonic anhydrases in Escherichia coli : bioinformatic and experimental approaches

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzymes facilitate the reversible hydration of CO 2 to bicarbonate ions and protons. Identifying efficient and robust CAs and expressing them in model host cells, such as Escherichia coli, enables more efficient engineering of these enzymes for industrial CO 2 capture. However, expression of CAs in E. coli is challenging due to the possible formation of insoluble protein aggregates, or inclusion bodies. This makes the production of soluble and active CA protein a prerequisite for downstream applications. In this study, we streamlined the process of CA expression by selecting seven top CA candidates and used two bioinformatic tools to predict their solubility for expression in E. coli. The prediction results place these enzymes in two categories: low and high solubility. Our expression of high solubility score CAs (namely CA5-SspCA, CA6-SazCAtrunc, CA7-PabCA and CA8-PhoCA) led to significantly higher protein yields (5 to 75 mg purified protein per liter) in flask cultures, indicating a strong correlation between the solubility prediction score and protein expression yields. Furthermore, phylogenetic tree analysis demonstrated CA class-specific clustering patterns for protein solubility and production yields. Unexpectedly, we also found that the unique N-terminal, 11-amino acid segment found after the signal sequence (not present in its homologs), was essential for CA6-SazCA activity. Overall, this work demonstrated that protein solubility prediction, phylogenetic tree analysis, and experimental validation are potent tools for identifying top CA candidates and then producing soluble, active forms of these enzymes in E. coli. The comprehensive approaches we report here should be extendable to the expression of other heterogeneous proteins in E. coli.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

On the regeneration of fish scales: structure and mechanical behavior

Fish scales serve as a dermal armor that provides protection from physical injury. Owing to a number of outstanding properties, fish scales are inspiring new concepts for layered engineered materials and next-generation flexible armors. Although past efforts have primarily focused on the structure and mechanical behavior of ontogenetic scales, the structure–property relationships of regenerated scales have received limited attention. In the present study, common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) acquired from the wild were held live in an aquatic laboratory at 10°C and 20°C. Ontogenetic scales were extracted from the fish for analysis, as well as regenerated scales after approximately 1 year of development and growth. Their microstructure was characterized using microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, and the mechanical properties were evaluated in uniaxial tension to failure under hydrated conditions. We note the strength, strain to fracture and toughness of the regenerated scales were significantly lower than those of ontogenetic scales from the same fish, regardless of the water temperature. Scales that regenerated at 20°C exhibited significantly higher strength, strain to fracture and toughness than those regenerated at 10°C. The regenerated scales exhibited a highly mineralized outer layer, but no distinct limiting layer or external elasmodine; they also possessed a significantly lower number of plies in the basal layer than the ontogenetic scales. The results suggest that a mineralized layer develops preferentially during scale regeneration with the topology needed for protection, prior to the development of other qualities.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Modeling the Metabolic Costs of Heavy Military Backpacking

Existing predictive equations underestimate the metabolic costs of heavy military load carriage. Metabolic costs are specific to each type of military equipment, and backpack loads often impose the most sustained burden on the dismounted warfighter. This study aimed to develop and validate an equation for estimating metabolic rates during heavy backpacking for the US Army Load Carriage Decision Aid (LCDA), an integrated software mission planning tool. Thirty healthy, active military-age adults (3 women, 27 men; age, 25 ± 7 yr; height, 1.74 ± 0.07 m; body mass, 77 ± 15 kg) walked for 6–21 min while carrying backpacks loaded up to 66% body mass at speeds between 0.45 and 1.97 m·s -1 . A new predictive model, the LCDA backpacking equation, was developed on metabolic rate data calculated from indirect calorimetry. Model estimation performance was evaluated internally by k-fold cross-validation and externally against seven historical reference data sets. We tested if the 90% confidence interval of the mean paired difference was within equivalence limits equal to 10% of the measured metabolic rate. Estimation accuracy and level of agreement were also evaluated by the bias and concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), respectively. Estimates from the LCDA backpacking equation were statistically equivalent ( P < 0.01) to metabolic rates measured in the current study (bias, -0.01 ± 0.62 W·kg -1 ; CCC, 0.965) and from the seven independent data sets (bias, -0.08 ± 0.59 W·kg -1 ; CCC, 0.926). The newly derived LCDA backpacking equation provides close estimates of steady-state metabolic energy expenditure during heavy load carriage. These advances enable further optimization of thermal-work strain monitoring, sports nutrition, and hydration strategies.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Dataset for Leveraging CryoEM and AI-Driven Morphological Feature Analysis for Insights on Bacterial Structures

This repository hosts an AI-assisted image segmentation and analysis pipeline for Pantoea sp. YR343 cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) datasets. The workflow automates membrane thickness measurements, flagella detection, and field-of-view (FOV) screening from low-dose, high-resolution cryoEM micrographs eliminating the need for slow manual annotation. By integrating deep-learning based segmentation (YOLOv11) with quantitative post-processing, this toolkit provides a scalable and reproducible way to study bacterial morphology under hydrated, near-native conditions. The GitHub repository for AI-based tools for cryoEM bacteria ultrastructures can be found here: https://github.com/Sireesiru/Cryo-EM-Ultrastructures/tree/main

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Raman Spectroscopy Characterization of Nuclear Materials and Soot from High Explosives

Vibrational and luminescence spectroscopy were used in the investigation of U and Pu-bearing compounds and soot from high explosives testing. Key spectroscopic signatures of UF4 and its hydrates, PuO 2 , and soot from different explosives will be presented. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting this article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this work, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes.

Villa-Aleman, Eliel↗
DOE OSTI2019

Soft matter and nanomaterials characterization by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy

Soft matter has historically been an unlikely candidate for investigation by electron microscopy techniques due to damage by the electron beam as well as inherent instability under a high vacuum environment. Characterization of soft matter has often relied on ensemble-scattering techniques. The recent development of cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) provides the soft matter community with an exciting opportunity to probe the structure of soft materials in real space. Cryo-TEM reduces beam damage and allows for characterization in a native, frozen-hydrated state, providing direct visual representation of soft structure. This article reviews cryo-TEM in soft materials characterization and illustrates how it has provided unique insights not possible by traditional ensemble techniques. Soft matter systems that have benefited from the use of cryo-TEM include biological-based “soft” nanoparticles (e.g., viruses and conjugates), synthetic polymers, supramolecular materials as well as the organic–inorganic interface of colloidal nanoparticles. We conclude that while many challenges remain, such as combining structural and chemical analyses; the opportunity for soft matter research to leverage newly developed cryo-TEM techniques continues to excite.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on ClO3 by Materials Project

ClO3 crystallizes in the monoclinic Cc space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four hypochlorous acid;hydrate molecules and four ClO4 clusters. In each ClO4 cluster, there are four inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cl atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.45 Å. In the second O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cl atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.49 Å. In the third O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cl atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.48 Å. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cl atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.44 Å. Cl is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four O atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on ClO2 by Materials Project

ClO2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pbca space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of eight hypochlorous acid;hydrate molecules. there are two inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cl atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.50 Å. In the second O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cl atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.48 Å. Cl is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on H11O8 by Materials Project

(H2O)2(H2O2)3(H3O2)4 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of one hydrogen peroxide hydrate molecule, one water molecule, and two water water molecules.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CaH12CO9 by Materials Project

CaCH12O9 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four calcium carbonate hydrate (1:1:6) molecules. Ca2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.39–2.60 Å. C4+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. All C–O bond lengths are 1.30 Å. There are six inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 1.00 Å. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 1.00 Å. In the fifth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 1.00 Å. In the sixth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. There are five inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ca2+ and two H1+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Ca2+ and one C4+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ca2+ and two H1+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C4+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Ca2+ and two H1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on RuCl(OF3)2 by Materials Project

RuF6ClO2 is beta-prime cadmium gold structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic P2/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of two 13693-08-8 molecules and two hypochlorous acid;hydrate molecules.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on GeClO2F5 by Materials Project

GeF5ClO2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic C222_1 space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of eight hypochlorous acid;hydrate molecules and two GeF5 ribbons oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. In each GeF5 ribbon, Ge is bonded to six F atoms to form corner-sharing GeF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 30–39°. There are a spread of Ge–F bond distances ranging from 1.76–1.95 Å. There are six inequivalent F sites. In the first F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ge atom. In the second F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ge atom. In the third F site, F is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two equivalent Ge atoms. In the fourth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ge atom. In the fifth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ge atom. In the sixth F site, F is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two equivalent Ge atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on BCl(OF2)2 by Materials Project

BF4ClO2 crystallizes in the monoclinic Cc space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four hypochlorous acid;hydrate molecules and four BF4 clusters. In each BF4 cluster, B is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four F atoms. There are a spread of B–F bond distances ranging from 1.39–1.45 Å. There are four inequivalent F sites. In the first F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one B atom. In the second F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one B atom. In the third F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one B atom. In the fourth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one B atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Sb2ClO2F11 by Materials Project

Sb2F11ClO2 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four hypochlorous acid;hydrate molecules and four Sb2F11 clusters. In each Sb2F11 cluster, there are two inequivalent Sb sites. In the first Sb site, Sb is bonded to six F atoms to form corner-sharing SbF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 36°. There are a spread of Sb–F bond distances ranging from 1.89–2.10 Å. In the second Sb site, Sb is bonded to six F atoms to form corner-sharing SbF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 36°. There are a spread of Sb–F bond distances ranging from 1.89–2.07 Å. There are eleven inequivalent F sites. In the first F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb atom. In the second F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb atom. In the third F site, F is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two Sb atoms. In the fourth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb atom. In the fifth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb atom. In the sixth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb atom. In the seventh F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb atom. In the eighth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb atom. In the ninth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb atom. In the tenth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb atom. In the eleventh F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on SbCl(OF3)2 by Materials Project

SbF6ClO2 is beta-prime cadmium gold structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic P2/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of two hypochlorous acid;hydrate molecules and two SbF6 clusters. In each SbF6 cluster, Sb is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six F atoms. There is four shorter (1.91 Å) and two longer (1.95 Å) Sb–F bond length. There are three inequivalent F sites. In the first F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb atom. In the second F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb atom. In the third F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on SbBr(OF3)2 by Materials Project

SbF6O2Br is beta-prime cadmium gold structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic P2/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of two hypobromous acid;hydrate molecules and two SbF6 clusters. In each SbF6 cluster, Sb5+ is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six F1- atoms. There are a spread of Sb–F bond distances ranging from 1.90–1.95 Å. There are three inequivalent F1- sites. In the first F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb5+ atom. In the second F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb5+ atom. In the third F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on NiAs3H3OF18 by Materials Project

NiAs3F18H3O crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pnma space group. The structure is three-dimensional and consists of four hydrogen hydrate molecules and one NiAs3F18 framework. In the NiAs3F18 framework, Ni2+ is bonded to six F1- atoms to form NiF6 octahedra that share corners with six AsF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 33–35°. There are two shorter (2.01 Å) and four longer (2.02 Å) Ni–F bond lengths. There are two inequivalent As5+ sites. In the first As5+ site, As5+ is bonded to six F1- atoms to form AsF6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent NiF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 33–35°. There are a spread of As–F bond distances ranging from 1.74–1.83 Å. In the second As5+ site, As5+ is bonded to six F1- atoms to form AsF6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent NiF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 34°. There are a spread of As–F bond distances ranging from 1.73–1.83 Å. There are eleven inequivalent F1- sites. In the first F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one As5+ atom. In the second F1- site, F1- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Ni2+ and one As5+ atom. In the third F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one As5+ atom. In the fourth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Ni2+ and one As5+ atom. In the fifth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Ni2+ and one As5+ atom. In the sixth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one As5+ atom. In the seventh F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one As5+ atom. In the eighth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one As5+ atom. In the ninth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one As5+ atom. In the tenth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one As5+ atom. In the eleventh F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one As5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on H3ClO5 by Materials Project

H3OClO4 is Modderite-like structured and crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pnma space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four hydrogen hydrate molecules and four ClO4 clusters. In each ClO4 cluster, there are three inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cl atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.47 Å. In the second O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cl atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.48 Å. In the third O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cl atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.44 Å. Cl is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four O atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗