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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,675 records · Page 93
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2018

Novel Compact Ceilometer (Final Scientific-Technical Report)

Fibertek is developing a novel ceilometer system that provides a new measurement capability not currently available to weather stations such as those in the Department of Energy's AmeriFlux network. Commercially available instruments do not have the sensitivity to see atmospheric aerosols. If the atmospheric aerosols can be measured, then the altitude of the boundary layer can be determined from a discontinuity in the aerosol concentration. The altitude of the boundary layer is a critical parameter in climate and weather models, and adding this piece of information will greatly improve the accuracy of these models. Fibertek's design provides this capability in an inexpensive robust fieldable instrument by applying a new sensor technology: the Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM). SiPMs are called "photomultipliers" in that they provide very similar performance as a traditional photomultiplier including single photon sensitivity and linear response. However, they are a completely different technology which offers several advantages. They are small, inexpensive, solid-state, and extremely robust. They do not require cooling. They operate at much lower voltages. They cannot be damaged by inadvertent reflections, and when saturated they recover in less than a microsecond, so they don't need to be shielded from the outgoing laser pulse. In short, they make single photon sensitivity accessible for an inexpensive, simple, rugged, fieldable system. In this Phase 1 effort Fibertek developed a breadboard version of the ceilometer to demonstrate the feasibility of our approach. Our partner, Penn State, conducted atmospheric measurements to validate the lidar’s performance and determine algorithms for automatically identifying the height of the boundary layer. The lidar shows sufficient sensitivity to fully characterize the boundary layer in clear air daytime and nighttime conditions.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2014

Controlling Hexavalent Americium – A Centerpiece to a Compact Nuclear Fuel Cycle

Closing the nuclear fuel cycle could be simplified by recovering the actinides U through Am as a group. This could be achieved by converting U, Np, Pu and Am to the hexavalent state. Uranium, Np and Pu are readily oxidized to the hexavalent state. Generation of hexavalent Am in acidic solutions is more difficult, as the standard reduction potential of the Am(VI) /Am(III) couple (+1.68 V in 1 M HClO4) is well outside of the electrochemical stability window of water. While the oxidation and separation of Am has been demonstrated under laboratory conditions, several issues could plague scale up and implementation of this separation with used fuel. Two primary concerns are considered. The first issue concerns the stability of the oxidized Am. The second involves the undesirable co-extraction of tetravalent f-elements with the hexavalent actinides. To address the first concern regarding Am redox instability, Am reduction will be monitored under a variety of different conditions to establish the means of improving the stability of Am(VI) in the organic phase. Identifying the components contributing most significantly to its reduction will allow thoughtful modification of the process. To address the second concern, we propose to apply branched chain extractants to separate hexavalent actinides from tetravalent f-elements. Both branched monoamide and organophosphorus extractants have demonstrated significant selectivity for UO22+ versus Th4+, with separation factors generally on the order of 100. The efforts of this two-pronged research program should represent a significant step forward in the development of aqueous separations approaches designed to recover the U-Am actinides based on the availability of the hexavalent oxidation state. For the purposes of this proposal, separations based on this approach will be called SAn(VI) separations, indicating the Separation of An(VI).

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Final Technical Report for the ProNova Solutions contribution to: Compact, low-cost, light-weight, superconducting, ironless cyclotrons for hadron radiotherapy

ProNova Solutions, LLC is a collaborator with the primary PI for this project, Dr. Joseph V. Minervini, Head of the Magnets and Cryogenics group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center. The purpose of the grant was to develop the conceptual design for a superconducting ironless synchrocyclotron suitable for hadron therapy. Such a design could ultimately be extended to light ions such as Helium and Carbon which are being studied at centers around the world. The ProNova efforts have been led by Co-PI Laddie Derenchuk and by Joe Matteo, company president. ProNova efforts will be described in this Final Technical Report, other goals and efforts by the MIT group can be referenced in the MIT Final Technical Report. ProNova’s primary goals as defined in the Project Narrative were to “defin[e] specifications necessary to meet the current and future demands of particle therapy based on ProNova’s clinical experience.” In addition, ProNova was to “focus on ion source, RF, vacuum, and mechanical subsystem conceptual designs”. This report will describe ProNova’s contributions to this project.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Addendum to "Compact Perturbative Expressions for Neutrino Oscillations in Matter" [Slides]

In this paper we rewrite the neutrino mixing angles and mass squared differences in matter given, in our original paper, in a notation that is more conventional for the reader. Replacing the usual neutrino mixing angles and mass squared differences in the expressions for the vacuum oscillation probabilities with these matter mixing angles and mass squared differences gives an excellent approximation to the oscillation probabilities in matter. Comparisons for T2K, NOvA, T2HKK and DUNE are also given for neutrinos and anti-neutrinos, disappearance and appearance channels, normal ordering and inverted ordering.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Compact, High Power SRF Accelerators for Industrial Applications [Slides]

Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) $\bullet$All new high beam power accelerators for discovery science employ SRF • Why? – Because $\sim$ all RF power $\to$ beam power vs heating RF resonators – SRF $\to$ Higher gradient, more energy per unit length • But current SRF “science” accelerators are large and complex

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Compact SRF Accelerator Applications: USPAS Lecture [Slides]

Accelerators for industry $\bullet$ Accelerators for industrial applications: - Modest energy: few MeVs - tens of MeV - Modest and high poser: tens of kW - hundres of kW. $\bullet$ Specific requirements: - Simplicity - Low cost - Reliability - Work in industrial environment (sometime harsh) - Easy to operate - Small sizes - High efficiency

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Advanced Compact X-ray Spectrometer with High Resolution and Efficiency

Under this Phase I SBIR Project, the Square One engineering team (in collaboration with a team of scientists from Brookhaven National Laboratory) designed, built, and tested a prototype Modular X-Ray Detection System. This Detection System was comprised of two primary subsystems, the Aiming Mechanism and the Optics Train. The Optics Train can be further subdivided into the following three components: the Collection Optic, the Discrimination Optic, and the Detection Unit. It is these three components that determine the modularity of the System. For example, the Collection Optic could accommodate either a polycapillary half lens or a Soller Slit. Similarly, the Detection Unit could accommodate either a Silicon Drift Diode (SDD) or some other diode. The Discrimination Optic can be included in the Optics Train, but is not necessary to the operation of the System.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Compact, Low-Cost, Light-Weight, Superconducting, Ironless Cyclotrons for Hadron Radiotherapy (Final Report)

This is the final report of a conceptual design study to demonstrate the feasibility of an ironless, superconducting synchrocyclotron for use as a particle accelerator in the clinical treatment of cancer using proton beam radiotherapy (PBRT). Furthermore, the ironless synchrocyclotron approach can be scaled up to accelerate light ions up to carbon, offering significant treatment advantages over conventional proton therapies, and offers a path for more rapid introduction of this technology to clinical uses.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2019

A High Efficiency, Ultra-Compact Process for Pre-Combustion CO 2 Capture

The key objective of this lab-scale study was to prove the technical feasibility of the membraneand adsorption-enhanced water gas shift (WGS) reaction process that employs a carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membrane reactor (MR) followed by an adsorption reactor (AR) for pre-combustion carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) capture, while demonstrating progress towards achievement of the overall fossil energy performance goals of 90% CO 2 capture rate with 95% CO 2 purity, at a cost of electricity of 30% less than the baseline capture approaches. Such a WGS system combining a MR and an AR in tandem can produce an ultra-pure hydrogen (H 2 ) product (without the need for using a post-processing step) continuously, until the adsorbent (hydrotalcite-based) in the AR unit is saturated for regeneration via a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) and/or temperature swing adsorption (TSA) operation. The project effort was led by the University of Southern California (USC) with assistance from the University of California - Los Angeles (UCLA) and Media and Process Technology, Inc. (M&PT).

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Compact X-Ray Systems [Slides]

X-ray technology has changed very little since its discovery over a century ago. LANL develops low-cost, man-portable, systems with markets in: cargo inspection, weld inspection, field medicine, veterinary medicine, and EOD work.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2019

A Compact ENDF (ACE) Format Specification

The ACE format consists of two types and many classes of data. The data are kept in an ACE Table. The term ACE Table and ACE file are often used interchangeably.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2019

Advanced In-situ Diagnostics for Multicomponent Gas Analysis and Material Aging Part 2: Compact Determination of Hydrogen Isotopes

This report has been accepted for publication in the journal Fusion Science and Technology, in the special issue associated with the Tritium 2016 conference, where the work was presented. Scanning calorimetry of a confined, reversible hydrogen sorbent material has been previously proposed as a method to determine compositions of unknown mixtures of diatomic hydrogen isotopologues and helium. Application of this concept could result in greater process knowledge during the handling of these gases. Previously published studies have focused on mixtures that do not include tritium. This paper focuses on modeling to predict the effect of tritium in mixtures of the isotopologues on a calorimetry scan. The model predicts that tritium can be measured with a sensitivity comparable to that observed for hydrogen-deuterium mixtures, and that under some conditions, it may be possible to determine the atomic fractions of all three isotopes in a gas mixture.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

Simulations of Pipe Overpack Container Compaction at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant

The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) is an operating geologic repository in southeastern New Mexico for transuranic (TRU) waste from nuclear defense activities. Past nuclear criticality concerns have generally been low at the WIPP due to the low initial concentration of fissile material and the natural tendency of fissile solute to disperse during fluid transport in porous media (Rechard et al. 2000). On the other hand, the list of acceptable WIPP waste types has expanded over the years to include Criticality Control Overpack (CCO) containers and Pipe Overpack (POP) containers. Containers bound for WIPP are bundled together in hexagon shaped 7-packs (six containers surround one container in the center). Two 7-packs are often combined into a TRUPACT-II package for a total of 14 containers. Most TRUPACT-II packages are restricted to a maximum fissile mass equivalent to plutonium (FMEP) between 0.1 and 0.38 kg, but a CCO TRUPACT-II package and a POP TRUPACT-II package are respectively permitted to have 5.32 kg and 2.80 kg FMEP (see Section 3 of US DOE (2013)). Consequently, CCO container criticality after emplacement at the WIPP was evaluated in Saylor and Scaglione (2018), and Oak Ridge National Laboratories is currently at work on POP container criticality analyses.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2020

Compact, Achromatic Non-scaling FFAG Accelerator for HEP, Commercial and Medical Applications (CRADA FRA-2008-0005 Final Report)

Proton and light-ion accelerators have many research and medical applications, but the current state of technology in accelerators severely limits their widespread use: (1) synchrotrons have an intrinsic low duty cycle and become quite large for light ions; and (2) cyclotrons do not have energy variability and require complex superconducting magnets for high energy. A new concept in non-scaling Fixed-Field Alternating-Gradient (FFAGs) has been invented that incorporates both the energy variability of the synchrotron and the high duty cycle of the cyclotron. The concept uses normal-conducting, combined-function magnets that apply only constant (dipole) and linear-gradient (quadrupole) fields to stabilize the accelerator. This project will develop an optimized design for a new non-scaling and cost-effective innovation in FFAG accelerators. The accelerator design will have optics that can stably accelerate protons to 250 MeV (or higher) and carbon ions to =200 MeV, an energy considered ideal for radiation therapy. Phase I will optimize, fully simulate, and demonstrate the feasibility of this accelerator. Commercial Applications and other Benefits as described by the awardee: The fixed-field acceleration concept should eliminate some of the most pronounced technical difficulties, expense, maintenance, and required expertise faced in conventional proton and light-ion accelerators. In addition to the application for high energy physics, these accelerators should have application in cancer treatment, radiopharmaceuticals, and medical isotope production, and materials science.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗