Critical errors in infrequently performed trauma procedures after training
Not Available
Mackenzie, Colin F.↗
SEARCH · Engineering Papers
Results for “procedures”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Trace explosives sampling for security applications (TESSA) study: Evaluation of procedures and methodology for contact sampling efficiency
We report the detection of trace amounts of explosive materials is critical to the security at mass transit centers (e.g., airports and railway stations). In a typical screening process, a trap is used to probe a surface of interest to collect and transfer particulate residue to a detector for analysis. The collection of residues from the surface being probed is widely viewed as the limiting step in this process. A multi-institutional study was performed to establish a methodology for the evaluation of sampling media collection efficiencies. Dry deposited residues of 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), C-4 (an RDX-based explosive), and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) were harvested from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic, ballistic nylon (NYL), and uncoated aluminum surfaces using muslin, Texwipe cotton, and stainless-steel mesh traps. Transfer and collection efficiencies of the sample media were calculated based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Dry transfer efficiencies (DTE%) to all tested surfaces were greater than 75%, with transfer to ABS plastic being the lowest. Collection efficiency (CE%) varied significantly across the traps and the surfaces, yet some conclusions can be drawn; nylon had the lowest CE% for all cases (~10%), and the stainless steel mesh had the lowest CE% for the evaluated traps (~20%). Though the testing parameters have been standardized among the participants to establish a framework for an independent comparison of contact sampling media and surfaces, substantial variations in the DTE% and the CE% were observed, suggesting that other variables can affect contact sampling.
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
Experimental procedures to mitigate electron beam induced artifacts during in situ fluid imaging of nanomaterials
Currently there are few standardized experimental practices in the field of fluid stage transmission electron microscopy. To obtain consistency in this emerging field, a crucial step is to establish the common artifacts and electron beam-sample interactions that can occur. Recently many unintended phenomena have been observed during in situ fluid stage scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) experiments, including growth of crystals on the fluid stage windows, repulsion of particles from the irradiated area, bubble formation, and the loss of atomic information during prolonged imaging of individual nanoparticles. Here we provide a comprehensive review of these fluid stage artifacts, and we present new experimental evidence that sheds light on their origins in terms of experimental apparatus issues and indirect electron beam sample interactions with the fluid layer. The results here will provide a methodology for minimizing fluid stage imaging artifacts and acquiring quantitative in situ observations of nanomaterial behavior in a liquid environment.
in situ fluid↗
A hybrid procedure for MSW generation forecasting at multiple time scales in Xiamen City, China
Highlights: ► We propose a hybrid model that combines seasonal SARIMA model and grey system theory. ► The model is robust at multiple time scales with the anticipated accuracy. ► At month-scale, the SARIMA model shows good representation for monthly MSW generation. ► At medium-term time scale, grey relational analysis could yield the MSW generation. ► At long-term time scale, GM (1, 1) provides a basic scenario of MSW generation. - Abstract: Accurate forecasting of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation is crucial and fundamental for the planning, operation and optimization of any MSW management system. Comprehensive information on waste generation for month-scale, medium-term and long-term time scales is especially needed, considering the necessity of MSW management upgrade facing many developing countries. Several existing models are available but of little use in forecasting MSW generation at multiple time scales. The goal of this study is to propose a hybrid model that combines the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model and grey system theory to forecast MSW generation at multiple time scales without needing to consider other variables such as demographics and socioeconomic factors. To demonstrate its applicability, a case study of Xiamen City, China was performed. Results show that the model is robust enough to fit and forecast seasonal and annual dynamics of MSW generation at month-scale, medium- and long-term time scales with the desired accuracy. In the month-scale, MSW generation in Xiamen City will peak at 132.2 thousand tonnes in July 2015 – 1.5 times the volume in July 2010. In the medium term, annual MSW generation will increase to 1518.1 thousand tonnes by 2015 at an average growth rate of 10%. In the long term, a large volume of MSW will be output annually and will increase to 2486.3 thousand tonnes by 2020 – 2.5 times the value for 2010. The hybrid model proposed in this paper can enable decision makers to develop integrated policies and measures for waste management over the long term.
12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
Performance Characteristics of Mass Spectrometry-Based Analytical Procedures for Quantitation of Nitrosamines in Pharmaceuticals: Insights from an Inter-laboratory Study
Not Available
Yang, Jingyue (ORCID:000000019116717X)↗
Optimized simple and affordable procedure for differentiation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells from LRF: An accessible and valid alternative biological source
Dendritic cells are one of the most popular immune cells, which plays a remarkable role in both immunotherapy and tolerance induction. Due to unwanted side effects of leukocyte presence in donated blood, the policy of blood service is the pre-storage reduction of leukocytes, which today, filtration is the most common method for this purpose. The filtration method has led to diminished access to Buffy coat as a generally used conventional source of biological cells. We developed a simple, affordable, and reproducible method for dendritic cell differentiation from filter-derived monocytes and, the results of the filter study were compared with differentiated DCs from the conventional buffy coat-derived monocytes. The Monocytes were recovered from leukoreduction filter using an optimized protocol with supplemented PBS buffer. Following the adhesion method, CD14{sup +} Monocyte-enriched population with the purity of 94 % was obtained. After cytokine stimulation over a 6-day period and maturation induction by LPS, differentiated DCs were evaluated for morphology, surface markers (CD86, CD40, CD83 and, HLA-DR), antigen uptake potency and IL-12 secretion. Analysis and comparison of the results represented no significant difference between the two groups. Accordingly, we conclude that leukoreduction filters could be introduced as a reliable and research-grade source of monocyte for DC generation in biological research.
60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
Procedures for Assessing the Stability of Proposed Topological Materials
Here, we investigate the stability of MnPb 2 Bi 2 Te 6 (MPBT), which is predicted to be a magnetic topological insulator (TI), using density functional theory calculations. Our analysis includes various measures such as enthalpies of formation, Helmholtz free energies, defect formation energies, and dynamical stability. Our thermodynamic analysis shows that the phonon contribution to the energy gain from finite temperature is estimated to be less than 10 meV/atom, which may not be sufficient to stabilize MPBT at high temperatures, even with the most favorable reactions starting from binaries. While MPBT is generally robust against the formation of various defects, we find that the anti-site defect formation of MnPb is the most likely to occur, with a corresponding energy less than 60 meV. This can be attributed to the significant energy cost from compressive strain at the PbTe layer. Our findings suggest that MPBT is on the brink of stability in terms of thermodynamics and defect formation, underscoring the importance of conducting systematic analyses of the stability of proposed TIs, including MPBT, for their practical utilization. This study offers valuable insights into the design and synthesis of desirable magnetic TI materials with robust stabilities.
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
A Procedural Framework for Benchmarking Biofoundry Capabilities
Not Available
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
Text-mined dataset of gold nanoparticle synthesis procedures, morphologies, and size entities
Abstract Gold nanoparticles are highly desired for a range of technological applications due to their tunable properties, which are dictated by the size and shape of the constituent particles. Many heuristic methods for controlling the morphological characteristics of gold nanoparticles are well known. However, the underlying mechanisms controlling their size and shape remain poorly understood, partly due to the immense range of possible combinations of synthesis parameters. Data-driven methods can offer insight to help guide understanding of these underlying mechanisms, so long as sufficient synthesis data are available. To facilitate data mining in this direction, we have constructed and made publicly available a dataset of codified gold nanoparticle synthesis protocols and outcomes extracted directly from the nanoparticle materials science literature using natural language processing and text-mining techniques. This dataset contains 5,154 data records, each representing a single gold nanoparticle synthesis article, filtered from a database of 4,973,165 publications. Each record contains codified synthesis protocols and extracted morphological information from a total of 7,608 experimental and 12,519 characterization paragraphs.
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
A procedure for rule extraction from a Self-Organising plasma disruption predictor for JET
In a previous paper, a Self-Organizing Map had proven to be able to identify the regions of the plasma operative space characterizing the pre-disruptive phase at JET without relying on any a priori information. One of the strengths of this disruption predictor lies in its inherent self-organization capability. The Self-Organizing Map discovers non-trivial relationships and captures the complicated interplay of device diagnostics on the internal plasma states directly from the experimental data. Moreover, the provided model allows the visualization of high-dimensional plasma parameters and facilitates easy interrogation of the model to understand the reasons behind its correlations. In this paper, an additional step is taken towards the interpretability of models for predicting disruptions by training a Decision Tree to classify the plasma states according to the interpretation provided by the Self-Organizing Map (stable or at high risk of disruptions). The Decision tree provides a set of rules which describe the transition of the plasma towards the pre-disruptive phase as visualized in the Self-Organizing Map. The obtained rules for the database explored in the study identify four regions in the map, two of which are at risk of disruption. These regions correspond to partitions of a 3D space based on the peaking factors of the core and divertor radiation, as well as the Locked Mode. The agreement between the Self-Organizing Map answers and the rules supplied by the Decision Tree is confirmed by the comparison of the performance exhibited by the two models in the prediction of disruptions.
Setzu, Samuele [Univ. of Cagliari, Monserrato, Cag↗
Injections through skin colonized with Staphylococcus aureus biofilm introduce contamination despite standard antimicrobial preparation procedures
While surgical site preparation has been extensively studied, there is little information about resistance of skin microbiota in the biofilm form to antimicrobial decontamination, and there are no quantitative models to study how biofilm might be transferred into sterile tissue/implant materials during injections for joint spine and tendon, aspiration biopsies and dermal fillers (DF). In this work, we develop two in vitro models to simulate the process of skin preparation and DF injection using pig skin and SimSkin (silicone) materials, respectively. Using the pig skin model, we tested three of the most common skin preparation wipes (alcohol, chlorhexidine and povidone iodine) and found that during wiping they reduced the biofilm bacterial burden of S. aureus (CFU cm-2) by three logs with no statistically significant differences between wipes. Using the SimSkin model, we found that transfer of viable bacteria increased with needle diameter for 30G, 25G and 18G needles. Transfer incidence decreased as injection depth was increased from 1 mm to 3 mm. Serial puncture and linear threading injection styles had similar transfer incidence, whereas fanning significantly increased transfer incidence. The results show that contamination of DF during injection is a risk that can be reduced by modifying skin prep and injection practices.
60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
A one-step delamination procedure to form single sheet iron(III)-(oxy)hydroxide
Abstract not provided
Huang, Li-Zhi↗
Simple Models and Analytical Procedures for Total Maximum Daily Load Assessment
No abstract provided.
42 ENGINEERING↗
The A-site driven phase transition procedure of (Pb{sub 0.97}La{sub 0.02})(Zr{sub 0.42}Sn{sub 0.40}Ti{sub 0.18})O{sub 3} ceramics: An evidence from electronic structure variation
The transition of (Pb{sub 0.97}La{sub 0.02})(Zr{sub 0.42}Sn{sub 0.40}Ti{sub 0.18})O{sub 3} (PLZST) ceramic has been investigated by temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction (XRD) and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). The rhombohedral and tetragonal symmetries are confirmed by XRD analysis. Two interband transitions (E{sub cp1} and E{sub cp2}) located at about 3.7 and 5.2 eV can be derived from the second derivative of the complex dielectric functions using the standard critical point (SCP) model. Except for the negative temperature coefficient parts, the transitions present additional parts corresponding to appearance of the antiferroelectric (AFE) phase. The phenomena can be attributed to variation of the electronic structure during A-site driven phase transition.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
FOHI-D: An iterative Hirshfeld procedure including atomic dipoles
In this work, a new partitioning method based on the FOHI method (fractional occupation Hirshfeld-I method) will be discussed. The new FOHI-D method uses an iterative scheme in which both the atomic charge and atomic dipole are calculated self-consistently. In order to induce the dipole moment on the atom, an electric field is applied during the atomic SCF calculations. Based on two sets of molecules, the atomic charge and intrinsic atomic dipole moment of hydrogen and chlorine atoms are compared using the iterative Hirshfeld (HI) method, the iterative Stockholder atoms (ISA) method, the FOHI method, and the FOHI-D method. The results obtained are further analyzed as a function of the group electronegativity of Boyd et al. [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 110, 4182 (1988); Boyd et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 114, 1652 (1992)] and De Proft et al. [J. Phys. Chem. 97, 1826 (1993)]. The molecular electrostatic potential (ESP) based on the HI, ISA, FOHI, and FOHI-D charges is compared with the ab initio ESP. Finally, the effect of adding HI, ISA, FOHI, and FOHI-D atomic dipoles to the multipole expansion as a function of the precision of the ESP is analyzed.
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗