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At least 1,657 records · Page 92

Uncertainty analysis of correlated parameters in automated reaction mechanism generation

Abstract Uncertainty analysis is a useful tool for inspecting and improving detailed kinetic mechanisms because it can identify the greatest sources of model output error. Owing to the very nonlinear relationship between kinetic and thermodynamic parameters and computed concentrations, model predictions can be extremely sensitive to uncertainties in some parameters while uncertainties in other parameters can be irrelevant. Error propagation becomes even more convoluted in automatically generated kinetic models, where input uncertainties are correlated through kinetic rate rules and thermodynamic group values. Local and global uncertainty analyses were implemented and used to analyze error propagation in Reaction Mechanism Generator (RMG), an open‐source software for generating kinetic models. A framework for automatically assigning parameter uncertainties to estimated thermodynamics and kinetics was created, enabling tracking of correlated uncertainties. Local first‐order uncertainty propagation was implemented using sensitivities computed natively within RMG. Global uncertainty analysis was implemented using adaptive Smolyak pseudospectral approximations as implemented in the MIT Uncertainty Quantification Library to efficiently compute and construct polynomial chaos expansions to approximate the dependence of outputs on a subset of uncertain inputs. Cantera was used as a backend for simulating the reactor system in the global analysis. Analyses were performed for a phenyldodecane pyrolysis model. Local and global methods demonstrated similar trends; however, many uncertainties were significantly overestimated by the local analysis. Both local and global analyses show that correlated uncertainties based on kinetic rate rules and thermochemical groups drastically reduce a model's degrees of freedom and have a large impact on the determination of the most influential input parameters. These results highlight the necessity of incorporating uncertainty analysis in the mechanism generation workflow.

Gao, Connie W.↗

Hadronic Fluctuations and Correlations

We will provide a review of some of the physics which can be addressed by studying fluctuations and correlations in heavy ion collisions. We will discuss Lattice QCD results on fluctuations and correlations and will put them into context with observables which have been measured in heavy-ion collisions. Special attention will be given to the QCD critical point and the first order co-existence region, and we will discuss how the measurement of fluctuations and correlations can help in an experimental search for non-trivial structures in the QCD phase diagram.

Koch, Volker↗

Inclusive prompt photon-jet correlations as a probe of gluon saturation in electron-nucleus scattering at small x

We compute the differential cross-section for inclusive prompt photon+quark production in deeply inelastic scattering of electrons off nuclei at small x (e + A DIS) in the framework of the Color Glass Condensate effective field theory. The result is expressed as a convolution of the leading order (in the strong coupling α s ) impact factor for the process and universal dipole matrix elements, in the limit of hard photon transverse momentum relative to the nuclear saturation scale Q s,A (x). We perform a numerical study of this process for the kinematics of the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), exploring in particular the azimuthal angle correlations between the final state photon and quark. We observe a systematic suppression and broadening pattern of the back-to-back peak in the relative azimuthal angle distribution, as the saturation scale is increased by replacing proton targets with gold nuclei. Our results suggest that photon+jet final states in inclusive e + A DIS at high energies are in general a promising channel for exploring gluon saturation that is complementary to inclusive and diffractive dijet production. They also provide a sensitive empirical test of the universality of dipole matrix elements when compared to identical measurements in proton-nucleus collisions. However because photon+jet correlations at small x in EIC kinematics require jet reconstruction at small k ⊥ , it will be important to study their feasibility relative to photon-hadron correlations.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Non-Abelian electric field correlator at NLO for dark matter relic abundance and quarkonium transport

We perform a complete next-to-leading order calculation of the non-Abelian electric field correlator in a SU(N c ) plasma, which encodes properties of the plasma relevant for heavy particle bound state formation and dissociation, and is different from the correlator for the heavy quark diffusion coefficient. The calculation is carried out in the real-time formalism of thermal field theory and includes both vacuum and finite temperature contributions. By working in the R ξ gauge, we explicitly show the results are gauge independent, infrared and collinear safe. The renormalization group equation of this electric field correlator is determined by that of the strong coupling constant. Our next-to-leading order calculation can be directly applied to any dipole singlet-adjoint transition of heavy particle pairs. For example, it can be used to describe dissociation and (re)generation of heavy quarkonia inside the quark-gluon plasma well below the melting temperature, as well as heavy dark matter pairs (or charged co-annihilating partners) in the early universe.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Studies of azimuthal dihadron correlations in ultra-central PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} =$ 2.76 TeV

Azimuthal dihadron correlations of charged particles have been measured in PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV by the CMS collaboration, using data from the 2011 LHC heavy-ion run. The data set includes a sample of ultra-central (0-0.2% centrality) PbPb events collected using a trigger based on total transverse energy in the hadron forward calorimeters and the total multiplicity of pixel clusters in the silicon pixel tracker. A total of about 1.8 million ultra-central events were recorded, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 120 inverse microbarns. The observed correlations in ultra-central PbPb events are expected to be particularly sensitive to initial-state fluctuations. The single-particle anisotropy Fourier harmonics, from $v_2$ to $v_6$, are extracted as a function of particle transverse momentum. At higher transverse momentum, the $v_2$ harmonic becomes significantly smaller than the higher-order $v_n$ (n greater than or equal to 3). The pt-averaged $v_2$ and $v_3$ are found to be equal within 2%, while higher-order $v_n$ decrease as n increases. The breakdown of factorization of dihadron correlations into single-particle azimuthal anisotropies is observed. This effect is found to be most prominent in the ultra-central PbPb collisions, where the initial-state fluctuations play a dominant role. As a result, a comparison of the factorization data to hydrodynamic predictions with event-by-event fluctuating initial conditions is also presented.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Exact correlators on the Wilson loop in $$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$ SYM: localization, defect CFT, and integrability

We compute a set of correlation functions of operator insertions on the 1/8 BPS Wilson loop in N=4 SYM by employing supersymmetric localization, OPE and the Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization. These correlators exhibit a simple determinant structure, are position-independent and form a topological subsector, but depend nontrivially on the ’t Hooft coupling and the rank of the gauge group. When applied to the 1/2 BPS circular (or straight) Wilson loop, our results provide an infinite family of exact defect CFT data, including the structure constants of protected defect primaries of arbitrary length inserted on the loop. At strong coupling, we show precise agreement with a direct calculation using perturbation theory around the AdS 2 string worldsheet. We also explain the connection of our results to the “generalized Bremsstrahlung functions” previously computed from integrability techniques, reproducing the known results in the planar limit as well as obtaining their finite N generalization. Furthermore, we show that the correlators at large N can be recast as simple integrals of products of polynomials (known as Q-functions) that appear in the Quantum Spectral Curve approach. This suggests an interesting interplay between localization, defect CFT and integrability.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Toward the analytic bootstrap of energy correlators

In this paper, we present a framework for the analytic bootstrap of three-point energy correlators, a crucial observable in $\mathcal{N}$ = 4 super Yang-Mills theory and quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Our approach combines spherical contour techniques, general physical constraints such as pole cancellations, and power correction data in the singular limits to determine its analytic expression. In contrast to previous bootstrap studies restricted to scattering amplitudes for supersymmetric theories, our framework makes use of the properties of Feynman integrals, marking a significant step toward bootstrapping realistic QCD observables. Using this method, we derive analytic expressions for leading-order three-point energy correlators in the multi-collinear limit with equal and unequal energy weights, where the latter are crucial ingredients for projected N -point energy correlators. We also apply the recently developed technique of analytic regression with lattice reduction as a way to bypass needing explicit expressions for the singular limits. Bridging theoretical advances in scattering amplitudes with the renewed interest in weighted cross-sections, our work opens the door to precision tests of QCD dynamics through analytic event-shape predictions.

jet substructure↗

Spin correlations and new physics in τ -lepton decays at the LHC

We use spin correlations to constrain anomalous τ -lepton couplings at the LHC including its anomalous magnetic moment, electric dipole moment and weak dipole moments. Single spin correlations are ideal to probe interference terms between the SM and new dipole-type couplings as they are not suppressed by the τ -lepton mass. Double spin asymmetries give rise to T -odd correlations useful to probe CP violation purely within the new physics amplitudes, as their appearance from interference with the SM is suppressed by m τ . We compare our constraints to those obtained earlier on the basis of deviations from the Drell-Yan cross-section.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Magnifying the ATLAS stealth stop splinter: impact of spin correlations and finite widths

In this paper, we recast a “stealth stop” search in the notoriously difficult region of the stop-neutralino Simplified Model parameter space for which m($\tilde{t}$ 1 )-m($\tilde{X}$~$0\atop{1}$)≃m t . The properties of the final state are nearly identical for tops and stops, while the rate for stop pair production is O(10%) of that for $t\overline{t}$. Stop searches away from this stealth region have left behind a “splinter” of open parameter space when m($\overline{t}$ 1 )≃m t . Removing this splinter requires surgical precision: the ATLAS constraint on stop pair production reinterpreted here treats the signal as a contaminant to the measurement of the top pair production cross section using data from s√=7 TeV and 8 TeV in a correlated way to control for some systematic errors. ATLAS fixed m($\tilde{t}$ 1 )≃mtandm($\tilde{X}$~$0\atop{1}$)=1 GeV, implying that a careful recasting of these results into the full m($\tilde{t}$ 1 )-m($\tilde{X}$~$0\atop{1}$) plane is warranted. We find that the parameter space with m($\tilde{X}$~$0\atop{1}$)≲55 GeV is excluded for m($\tilde{t}$ 1 )≃m t — although this search does cover new parameter space, it is unable to fully pull the splinter. Along the way, we review a variety of interesting physical issues in detail: (i) when the two-body width is a good approximation; (ii) how assuming the narrow width approximation affects the total rate; (iii ) how the production rate is affected when the wrong widths are used; (iv ) what role propagating the spin correlations consistently through the multi-body decay chain plays in the limits. In addition, we provide a guide to using MadGraph for implementing the full production including finite width and spin correlation effects, and we survey a variety of pitfalls one might encounter.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

A-twisted correlators and Hori dualities

The Hori-Tong and Hori dualities are infrared dualities between two-dimensional gauge theories with N = (2, 2) supersymmetry, which are reminiscent of four-dimensional Seiberg dualities. We provide additional evidence for those dualities with U( N c ), USp(2 N c ), SO( N ) and O( N ) gauge groups, by matching correlation functions of Coulomb branch operators on a Riemann surface Σ g , in the presence of the topological A-twist. The O( N ) theories studied, denoted by O + (N ) and O_( N ), can be understood as Z 2 orbifolds of an SO( N ) theory. In conclusion, the correlators of these theories on Σ g with g > 0 are obtained by computing correlators with Z 2 -twisted boundary conditions and summing them up with weights determined by the orbifold projection.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

The three-point energy correlator in the coplanar limit

Energy correlators are a type of observables that measure how energy is distributed across multiple detectors as a function of the angles between pairs of detectors. In this paper, we study the three-point energy correlator (EEEC) at lepton colliders in the three-particle near-to-plane (coplanar) limit. The leading-power contribution in this limit is governed by the three-jet (trijet) configuration. We introduce a new approach by projecting the EEEC onto the volume of the parallelepiped formed by the unit vectors aligned with three detected final-state particles. Analogous to the back-to-back limit of the two-point energy correlator probing the dijet configuration, the small-volume limit of the EEEC probes the trijet configuration. We derive a transverse momentum dependent (TMD) based factorization theorem that captures the soft and collinear logarithms in the coplanar limit, which enables us to achieve the next-to-next-to-next-to-leading logarithm (N 3 LL) resummation. To our knowledge, this is the first N 3 LL result for a trijet event shape. Additionally, we demonstrate that a similar factorization theorem can be applied to the fully differential EEEC in the three-particle coplanar limit, which provides a clean environment for studying different coplanar trijet shapes.

Effective Field Theories of QCD↗

Constraining the Chiral Magnetic Effect with charge-dependent azimuthal correlations in Pb-Pb collisions at $ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} $ = 2.76 and 5.02 TeV

Systematic studies of charge-dependent two- and three-particle correlations in Pb-Pb collisions at $ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} $ = 2.76 and 5.02 TeV used to probe the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME) are presented. These measurements are performed for charged particles in the pseudorapidity ( η ) and transverse momentum ( p T ) ranges | η | < 0 . 8 and 0 . 2 < p T < 5 GeV/ c . A significant charge-dependent signal that becomes more pronounced for peripheral collisions is reported for the CME-sensitive correlators γ 1, 1 =$\langle4cos( φ α + φ β - 2Ψ 2 )$\rangle$ and γ 1, - 3 = $\langle$cos( φ α - 3 φ β + 2Ψ 2 )$\rangle$. The results are used to estimate the contribution of background effects, associated with local charge conservation coupled to anisotropic flow modulations, to measurements of the CME. A blast-wave parametrisation that incorporates local charge conservation tuned to reproduce the centrality dependent background effects is not able to fully describe the measured γ 1 , 1 . Finally, the charge and centrality dependence of mixed-harmonics three-particle correlations, of the form γ 1, 2 = $\langle$cos( φ α + 2 φ β - 3Ψ 3 )$\rangle$, which are insensitive to the CME signal, verify again that background contributions dominate the measurement of γ 1 , 1 .

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Bootstrapping mixed correlators in the 3D Ising model

We study the conformal bootstrap for systems of correlators involving nonidentical operators. The constraints of crossing symmetry and unitarity for such mixed correlators can be phrased in the language of semidefinite programming. We apply this formalism to the simplest system of mixed correlators in 3D CFTs with a Z 2 global symmetry. For the leading Z 2 -odd operator σ and Z 2 -even operator ϵ, we obtain numerical constraints on the allowed dimensions (Δ σ , Δ ϵ ) assuming that σ and ϵ are the only relevant scalars in the theory. These constraints yield a small closed region in (Δ σ , Δ ϵ ) space compatible with the known values in the 3D Ising CFT.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Thermal out-of-time-order correlators, KMS relations, and spectral functions

We describe general features of thermal correlation functions in quantum systems, with specific focus on the fluctuation-dissipation type relations implied by the KMS condition. These end up relating correlation functions with different time ordering and thus should naturally be viewed in the larger context of out-of-time-ordered (OTO) observables. In particular, eschewing the standard formulation of KMS relations where thermal periodicity is combined with time-reversal to stay within the purview of Schwinger-Keldysh functional integrals, we show that there is a natural way to phrase them directly in terms of OTO correlators. We use these observations to construct a natural causal basis for thermal n-point functions in terms of fully nested commutators. We provide several general results which can be inferred from cyclic orbits of permutations, and exemplify the abstract results using a quantum oscillator as an explicit example.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Kernel-Correlated Levy Field Driven Forward Rate and Application to Derivative Pricing

We propose a term structure of forward rates driven by a kernel-correlated Levy random field under the HJM framework. The kernel-correlated Levy random field is composed of a kernel-correlated Gaussian random field and a centered Poisson random measure. We shall give a criterion to preclude arbitrage under the risk-neutral pricing measure. As applications, an interest rate derivative with general payoff functional is priced under this pricing measure.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

Correlation between SACE (Subjective Angiographic Chemoembolization Endpoint) score and tumor response and its impact on survival after DEB-TACE in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Purpose: To asses angiographic and computed tomographic success criteria during and after transcatheter arterial drug-eluting bead chemoembolization (DEB-TACE) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its impact on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Methods: In this retrospective single-center study, 50 patients with unresectable HCC having undergone DEB-TACE from January 2010 to July 2015 were assessed. The angiographic endpoint was classified by Subjective Angiographic Chemoembolization Endpoint (SACE) scale. Relative tumor density in arterial (D{sub Art}) and portal venous phase (D{sub PV}) computed tomography post- versus pre-DEB-TACE were calculated, respectively. Tumor response according to modified Response Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST) was assessed. Univariate Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analysis were carried out. Results: SACE scores I, II, III, and IV were found in 1 (2%), 20 (40%), 15 (30%), and 14 (28%) patients, respectively. Median OS and PFS were 14.2 and 5.5 months, respectively. Death rates at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years were 24%, 38%, and 52%, respectively. SACE score during DEB-TACE significantly correlated with local and overall mRECIST results (local: p < 0.001, r = 0.49, overall: p = 0.042, r = 0.29) and inversely correlated with D{sub PV} (p = 0.005, r = − 0.40). In univariate analysis, progressive disease (PD) according to mRECIST and increase of D{sub Art} and D{sub PV} were associated with significantly shorter PFS. Modified RECIST independently predicted OS (hazard ratio for complete remission vs. PD = 0.15, 95% confidence interval 0.03–0.68, p = 0.014). Conclusions: A direct impact of SACE on PFS or OS could not be shown. However, SACE significantly correlated with local and overall mRECIST tumor response that again significantly predicted OS. We therefore postulate an indirect impact of SACE on OS. Consequently, complete embolization should be attempted.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗

Correlations of the Steam Oxidation Rate Constant of BWR Alloy Zircaloy-2 at 800–1400 °C

Steam oxidation experiments were conducted at 800–1400 °C with boiling water reactor alloy Zircaloy-2 strip specimens. Sample weight gain measurements were performed on the oxidized specimens before and after the test and were compared to oxygen pickup calculations using the Cathcart–Pawel correlation. The results showed that Zircaloy-2 follows the parabolic law at temperatures above 1000 °C. At or below 1000 °C, the oxidation rate was very low when compared to Cathcart–Pawel correlation and can be represented by a cubic expression. Arrhenius expressions are given to describe the parabolic rate constants at temperatures above 1000 °C and cubic rate constants are provided for temperatures at or below 1000 °C. Here, the weight gains calculated by our Arrhenius correlations are in excellent agreement with the measured sample weight gains at all test temperatures.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Anomalous Behavior of Electronic Heat Capacity of Strongly Correlated Iron Monosilicide

The paper deals with the electronic heat capacity of iron monosilicide FeSi subjected to semiconductor–metal thermal transition during which the formation of its spintronic properties is observed. The proposed model which considers pd-hybridization of strongly correlated d-electrons with non-correlated p-electrons, demonstrates a connection of their contribution to heat capacity in the insulator phase with paramagnon effects and fluctuations of occupation numbers for p- and d-states. In a slitless state, the temperature curve of heat capacity is characterized by a maximum appeared due to normalization of the electron density of states using fluctuating exchange fields. At higher temperatures, a linear growth in heat capacity occurs due to paramagnon effects. The correlation between the model parameters and the first-principles calculation provides the electron contribution to heat capacity, which is obtained from the experimental results on phonon heat capacity. Anharmonicity of phonons is connected merely with the thermal expansion of the crystal lattice.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗