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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,657 records · Page 92
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2012

US/UK Loan Account Project Status PMOD477

The viewgraphs describe the status of PMOD477 for LANL. The meeting will occur at DOE-HQ with NA-11 and Military Applications personnel in attendance. Serves to repatriate material with a balance to zero by December 2012. Phase 1 -- Establish formality of operations for War Reserve (WR): Complete surrogate taskings to A90 through a Materials Channel and perform US/UK lessons learned; Complete the US/UK agreed Quality Acceptance Plan, Materials Plan, Shipping procedure, and establish the formal UK/US point of contacts. Phase 2 -- Metal Manufacture (WR): Process material and store material as electrorefined metal (ER) rings, with initial assay and isotopic analysis, prior to manufacturing. Material is cast into accepted configuration and appropriate acceptance document for each aliquot will be generated. Phase 3 -- Intermediate Material Manufacture, Packaging and Shipping (WR): Continue processing of the material in accepted configuration with appropriate acceptance documentation for each aliquot. Provide an initial tasking of the material owed to UK including appropriate quality acceptance documentation. Phase 4 -- Complete Tasking (WR). Phase 5 -- Residue Processing (Non-WR): Complete processing of residue material and waste into accepted configuration with appropriate acceptance document for disposal.

CONFIGURATION↗
DOE OSTI2021

Novel Temperature Sensors and Wireless Telemetry for Active Condition Monitoring of Advanced Gas Turbines

The objective of the program is to develop and engine test hardware and software technologies that will enable active condition monitoring to be implemented on hot gas path turbine blades in large industrial gas turbines. The specific objectives are (1) to fabricate and install Smart Turbine Blades with thermally sprayed sensors and high temperature wireless telemetry systems in a gas turbine engine, (2) to integrate the component engine test data with remaining useful life (RUL) models and develop an approach for networking the component RUL data with Siemens' Power Diagnostics® engine monitoring system. These significant advances carried out in Phase 1 in temperature wide bandgap telemetry, along with new induced power driver and receiver geometry combined with an innovative approach to transmit digital data wirelessly will enable the opportunity to proceed with more technical innovation. The Phase 2 program focused on validation testing of sensor-wireless telemetry package in spin rig and advanced operation-based assessment (OBA) model utilizing artificial intelligence. Significant efforts were dedicated on the download of the technology onto components to be tested an actual gas turbine engine for full realization of active condition monitoring for Smart Turbine Blades.

03 NATURAL GAS↗
NASA NTRS2017

Space Launch System Update

NASA has a phased approach to ensure our nation's leadership in space exploration, beginning in Earth orbit, developing our skills in lunar space, and extending those skills and technologies to a human mission to Mars. We're currently in Phase 0, using the ISS to better understand living and working in space. You may have heard about our "twin study" with astronauts Scott and Mike Kelly that's giving us valuable information on the effects of microgravity environments on the human body during long stays in LEO. During Phase 1 in the 2020s, SLS will be used to lift the pieces of a "deep space gateway" outpost to lunar orbit. Developing and operating the gateway will get us to Mars in a step-by-step fashion, with lessons learned in each phase of the process informing the next steps. First step of moving humans farther into the solar system is completing and flying SLS and Orion.

Cobb, Sharon↗
NASA NTRS1979

Shuttle-tethered satellite system definition study. Volume 1: Executive study

The Tethered Satellite System has great prospects for extending orbital operations capability of the Space Transportation System to science, applications, and technology projects not otherwise attainable. The system will installed in the Shuttle Orbiter and will have the capability to deploy a captive satellite up to 100 km away from the Orbiter. Control and retrieval of the satellite are accomplished by means of a tether line connecting the satellite and the cargo bay mounted equipment in the Orbiter. At low satellite altitudes, the system will permit investigations of a duration that could not be pursued with sounding rockets of free-flying spacecraft. The propose of the Shuttle/Tethered Satellite System Definition Study was to produce the preliminary design, preliminary specifications, gross program plans, and program cost estimate for a 1982 operational verification flight. This was accomplished during a fifteen month effort under by the NASA George C. Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). The MSFC Phase 1 and related studies demonstrated the feasibility of the system and served as a starting point for the Phase 2 definition study.

Source record↗
DOE OSTI2012

Glass Ceramic Formulation Data Package

A glass ceramic waste form is being developed for treatment of secondary waste streams generated by aqueous reprocessing of commercial used nuclear fuel (Crum et al. 2012b). The waste stream contains a mixture of transition metals, alkali, alkaline earths, and lanthanides, several of which exceed the solubility limits of a single phase borosilicate glass (Crum et al. 2009; Caurant et al. 2007). A multi-phase glass ceramic waste form allows incorporation of insoluble components of the waste by designed crystallization into durable heat tolerant phases. The glass ceramic formulation and processing targets the formation of the following three stable crystalline phases: (1) powellite (XMoO 4 ) where X can be (Ca, Sr, Ba, and/or Ln), (2) oxyapatite Y x, Z (10-x) Si 6 O 26 where Y is alkaline earth, Z is Ln, and (3) lanthanide borosilicate (Ln 5 BSi 2 O 13 ). These three phases incorporate the waste components that are above the solubility limit of a single-phase borosilicate glass. The glass ceramic is designed to be a single phase melt, just like a borosilicate glass, and then crystallize upon slow cooling to form the targeted phases. The slow cooling schedule is based on the centerline cooling profile of a 2 foot diameter canister such as the Hanford High-Level Waste canister. Up to this point, crucible testing has been used for glass ceramic development, with cold crucible induction melter (CCIM) targeted as the ultimate processing technology for the waste form. Idaho National Laboratory (INL) will conduct a scaled CCIM test in FY2012 with a glass ceramic to demonstrate the processing behavior. This Data Package documents the laboratory studies of the glass ceramic composition to support the CCIM test. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) measured melt viscosity, electrical conductivity, and crystallization behavior upon cooling to identify a processing window (temperature range) for melter operation and cooling profiles necessary to crystallize the targeted phases in the waste form.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2018

An Analysis of the Relationship between Casualty Risk Per Crash and Vehicle Mass and Footprint for Model Year 2003-2010 Light-Duty Vehicles

The Department of Energy’s (DOE) Vehicle Technologies Office funds research on development of technologies to improve the fuel economy of both light- and heavy-duty vehicles, including advanced combustion systems, improved batteries and electric drive systems, and new lightweight materials. Of these approaches to increase fuel economy and reduce fuel consumption, reducing vehicle mass through more extensive use of strong lightweight materials is perhaps the easiest and least expensive method; however, there is a concern that reducing vehicle mass may lead to more fatalities. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) has conducted several analyses to better understand the relationship between vehicle mass, size and safety, in order to ameliorate concerns that down-weighting vehicles will inherently lead to more fatalities. These analyses include recreating the regression analyses conducted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) that estimate the relationship between mass reduction and U.S. societal fatality risk per vehicle mile of travel (VMT), while holding vehicle size (i.e. footprint, wheelbase times track width) constant; these analyses are referred to as LBNL Phase 1 analysis. In addition, LBNL has conducted additional analysis of the relationship between mass and the two components of risk per VMT, crash frequency (crashes per VMT) and risk once a crash has occurred (risk per crash); these analyses are referred to as LBNL Phase 2 analysis.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2017

Direct Coal -to-Liquids (CTL) for Jet Fuel Using Biomass-Derived Solvents

Battelle has demonstrated a novel and potentially breakthrough technology for a direct coal-to-liquids (CTL) process for producing jet fuel using biomass-derived coal solvents (bio-solvents). The Battelle process offers a significant reduction in capital and operating costs and a substantial reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, without requiring carbon capture and storage (CCS). The results of the project are the advancement of three steps of the hybrid coal/biomass-to-jet fuel process to the technology readiness level (TRL) of 5. The project objectives were achieved over two phases. In Phase 1, all three major process steps were explored and refined at bench-scale, including: (1) biomass conversion to high hydrogen-donor bio-solvent; (2) coal dissolution in biomass-derived bio-solvent, without requiring molecular H 2 , to produce a synthetic crude (syncrude); and (3) two-stage catalytic hydrotreating/hydrogenation of syncrude to jet fuel and other distillates. In Phase 2, all three subsystems of the CTL process were scaled up to a pre-pilot scale, and an economic analysis was carried out. A total of over 40 bio-solvents were identified and prepared. The most unique attribute of Battelle’s bio-solvents is their ability to provide much-needed hydrogen to liquefy coal and thus increase its hydrogen content so much that the resulting syncrude is liquid at room temperature. Based on the laboratory-scale testing with bituminous coals from Ohio and West Virginia, a total of 12 novel bio-solvent met the goal of greater than 80% coal solubility, with 8 bio-solvents being as good as or better than a well-known but expensive hydrogen-donor solvent, tetralin. The Battelle CTL process was then scaled up to 1 ton/day (1TPD) at a pre-pilot facility operated in Morgantown, WV. These tests were conducted, in part, to produce enough material for syncrude-upgrading testing. To convert the Battelle-CTL syncrude into a form suitable as a blending stock for jet turbine fuel, a two-step catalytic upgrading process was developed at laboratory scale and then demonstrated at pre-pilot scale facility in Pittsburg, PA. Several drums of distillate products were produced, which were then distilled into unblended (neat) synthetic jet fuel and diesel products for a detailed characterization. Based on a detailed characterization of the synthetic jet fuel, a 20% synthetic, 80% commercial jet fuel blend was prepared, which met all specifications. An analysis of the synthetic diesel product showed that it has the promise of being a drop-in fuel as super-low (less than 15 ppm)-sulfur diesel fuel. A detailed economic analysis showed that the Battelle liquefaction process is economical at between 1000 metric tons/day (MT/day) and 2000 MT/day. The unit capital cost for Battelle CTL process for making jet fuel is 50K USD/daily bbl compared to 151K USD/daily bbl for indirect CTL, based on 2011 dollars. The jet-fuel selling cost at the refinery, including a 12% capital cost factor (which included profit), for the Battelle CTL process is 61USD/bbl (1.45 USD/gallon). This is competitive with crude oil price of 48 USD/bbl. At the same time, the GHG emissions of 3.56 MT CO 2 /MT fuel were lower than the GHG emissions of 3.79 MT CO 2 /MTfuel for petroleum-based fuels and 7.77 MT CO 2 /MT fuel for indirect CTL. Thus, the use of bio-solvents completely eliminates the need for carbon capture in the case of Battelle CTL process. The superior economics and low GHG emissions for the Battelle CTL process has thus sparked worldwide interest and some potential commercialization opportunities are emerging.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
NASA NTRS1991

Oceanic transports of mass, heat, and salt in the western North Pacific

An optimum orbit of the satellite will be presented for confirmation of estimates of tides and interpolation errors. Hydrographic surveys complementary to the routine surveys will be planned in Phase 1 by using research vessels belonging to Japanese universities. Direction measurements of oceanic transports with moored current meters and shipborne acoustic Doppler velocimeters will be planned for selected sections as an activity of the Japan-WOCE (World Ocean Circulation Experiment) Project. In the operational phase of TOPEX/POSEIDON, the delivered altimeter data will be used for the computation of surface geostrophic velocities to be applied in the hydrographic sections of the Japan Meteorological Agency, Hydrographic Department, Japan Fisheries Agency, and the universities. The estimates of transports are made by the co-investigators of each agency. The composite of the transports in the circulations will be made at the Japan Oceanographic Data Center. The direct measurements of current velocity and transports will be made mainly by the principal investigator.

Taira, K.↗
NASA NTRS2005

Space-Based Range Safety and Future Space Range Applications

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Space-Based Telemetry and Range Safety study is a multiphase project to demonstrate the performance, flexibility and cost savings that can be realized by using space-based assets for the Range Safety (global positioning system metric tracking data, flight termination command and range safety data relay) and Range User (telemetry) functions during vehicle launches and landings. Phase 1 included flight testing S-band Range Safety and Range User hardware in 2003 onboard a high-dynamic aircraft platform at Dryden Flight Research Center (Edwards, California) using the NASA Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System as the communications link. The current effort, Phase 2, includes hardware and packaging upgrades to the S-band Range Safety system and development of a high data rate Ku-band Range User system. The enhanced Phase 2 Range Safety Unit provided real-time video for three days during the historic GlobalFlyer (Scaled Composites, Mojave, California) flight in March, 2005. Additional Phase 2 testing will include a sounding rocket test of the Range Safety system and aircraft flight testing of both systems. Future testing will include a flight test on a launch vehicle platform. This report discusses both Range Safety and Range User developments and testing with emphasis on the Range Safety system. The operational concept of a future space-based range is also discussed.

Whiteman, Donald E.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Payload specialist station study. Volume 1: Executive summary

The results of the Payload Specialist Station study are summarized. An optimum aft flight deck (AFD) controls and displays (C&D) configuration concept for payload operations within the Shuttle Orbiter were studied. The concept derived satisfied the large majority of identified payload C&D requirements through the 1980's, was cost effective, and utilized existing technology. The results are directly applicable to Phase C/D activities. Programmatic analyses, phase C/D program definition and schedules, and economic analyses were completed; and estimated phase C/D costs were identified. The AFD control and display concept was defined via panel layouts, CEI specifications, and programmatics for phase C/D. The study plan included the following six phases: (1) derive control and display requirements; (2) perform functional analyses; (3) perform system synthesis; (4) perform trade studies; (5) perform preliminary design; and (6) provide programmatics.

Source record↗
DOE OSTI2016

Extending cosmological tests of general relativity with the square kilometre array

Tests of general relativity (GR) are still in their infancy on cosmological scales, but forthcoming experiments promise to greatly improve their precision over a wide range of distance scales and redshifts. One such experiment, the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), will carry out several wide and deep surveys of resolved and unresolved neutral hydrogen (H i) 21 cm line-emitting galaxies, mapping a significant fraction of the sky from 0⩽z≲6. I present forecasts for the ability of a suite of possible SKA H i surveys to detect deviations from GR by reconstructing the cosmic expansion and growth history. SKA Phase 1 intensity mapping surveys can achieve sub-1% measurements of fσ{sub 8} out to z≈1, with an SKA1-MID Band 2 survey out to z ≲ 0.6 able to surpass contemporary spectroscopic galaxy surveys such as DESI and Euclid in terms of constraints on modified gravity parameters if challenges such as foreground contamination can be tackled effectively. A more futuristic Phase 2 H i survey of ∼10{sup 9} spectroscopic galaxy redshifts would be capable of detecting a ∼2% modification of the Poisson equation out to z ≈ 2.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS2011

Deep Space Habitat Team: HEFT Phase 2 Effects

HEFT was a NASA-wide team that performed analyses of architectures for human exploration beyond LEO, evaluating technical, programmatic, and budgetary issues to support decisions at the highest level of the agency in HSF planning. HEFT Phase I (April - September, 2010) and Phase II (September - December, 2010) examined a broad set of Human Exploration of Near Earth Objects (NEOs) Design Reference Missions (DRMs), evaluating such factors as elements, performance, technologies, schedule, and cost. At end of HEFT Phase 1, an architecture concept known as DRM 4a represented the best available option for a full capability NEO mission. Within DRM4a, the habitation system was provided by Deep Space Habitat (DSH), Multi-Mission Space Exploration Vehicle (MMSEV), and Crew Transfer Vehicle (CTV) pressurized elements. HEFT Phase 2 extended DRM4a, resulting in DRM4b. Scrubbed element-level functionality assumptions and mission Concepts of Operations. Habitation Team developed more detailed concepts of the DSH and the DSH/MMSEV/CTV Conops, including functionality and accommodations, mass & volume estimates, technology requirements, and DDT&E costs. DRM 5 represented an effort to reduce cost by scaling back on technologies and eliminating the need for the development of an MMSEV.

Toups, Larry D.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Carbon Fiber Prepreg Recycling- Automated Perform Manufacturing Equipment (Final Technical Report)

Discontinuous fiber composites have a compelling business case as related to light metals such as aluminum and magnesium machined or die cast components. DFC’s have been in commercial production using carbon fiber/epoxy prepreg for both commercial aircraft and for military applications for a number of years and their usage is expanding into automotive and consumer goods components. Reasons for this include significantly lower cost as compared to continuous fiber composites easier design and understanding of the material by metal traditionalists, higher degree of part complexity with relatively simple and low cost molds when compared to high-pressure die casting, and potential for near zero waste. IACMI’s 10-year goals of reduction in carbon fiber reinforced plastics manufacturing cost by 25%, reduction in their embodied energy by 50%, and recyclability of 95% can all be advanced through robust recycling. With recycling We have shown that a 15% contribution in manufacturing cost reduction is feasible, that a significant reduction in embodied energy (over 90% for the recycled fraction) is achievable, and that when combined with primary pyrolysis recycling, the 95% target can be met. Large-scale application of advanced composites began with the aerospace industry, and CRTC’s location in Washington State provided access to a waste stream of nearly 900 tonnes/year that was going to landfill. As the aerospace industry has automated parts production, their material forms have become significantly easier to recycle, and some evidence of this exists for the future automotive and wind turbine components as well. CRTC decided to focus on re-purposing the carbon fiber/epoxy aerospace scrap streams through materials reformatting and reuse, and not on primary recycling (pyrolysis mainly) as this technology is commercially available. The main reasons for this were that it offers a route to effective use of the most widely available and consistent feedstock called edge-trim, as well as allows creation of complex and low-cost parts using rapid and cost-effective compression molding technologies. The reasons also include leading the way for potential automotive pre-preg recycling as the combination of roughly 85% virgin pre-preg and 15% recycled pre-preg directly supports IACMI’s goals and enables significant part cost reduction and a path to zero-waste composite manufacturing at the OEMs or Tier 1’s. The purpose of the project was to develop equipment and technology to transform continuous fiber pre-preg in roll forms into smaller chip-format DFC feedstock, and to determine impacts on moldability and performance based on lessons learned along the path. The availability of scrap from pre-preg manufacturers was a significant value to the program even though the aerospace pre-preg is designed to be autoclave molded thus has handling, tackiness, and processing factors that are not ideal for DFCs. The scope of the project was to develop a Phase 1 system that could identify and resolve some of the major hurdles, determine where to focus effort on building a commercial-scale Phase 2 system, and develop technology for handling a wide variety of incoming scrap materials to produce the most usable product. A chopping system was developed and reduced to practice via an experimental approach that enabled all forms of scrap coming from the pre-preg manufacturers and some forms of the scrap coming from OEM production lines to be very effectively re-purposed. The systems that were developed were not considered to be production robust but rather identified and resolved some of the major technical hurdles, and demonstrated the path towards effective full-scale commercialization.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

IAEA Coordinated Research Project on HTGR Physics, Thermal-Hydraulics, and Depletion Uncertainty Analysis Prismatic HTGR Benchmark Specification: Phase II

In February 2009, the Technical Working Group on Gas Cooled Reactors of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) recommended that the proposed Coordinated Research Project (CRP) on the High-Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor (HTGR) Uncertainty Analysis in Modeling (UAM) be implemented. This CRP is a continuation of the previous IAEA and Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)/Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) international activities on verification and validation of available analytical capabilities for HTGR simulation for design and safety evaluations. Within the framework of these activities different numerical and experimental benchmark problems were performed, and insight was gained about specific physics phenomena and the adequacy of analysis methods. Because the prismatic design specification included in this report is based directly on the OECD/NEA Modular HTGR (MHTGR) 350 MW benchmark, participants in both activities can leverage their core models developed for the OECD/NEA benchmark for this CRP benchmark with only minor changes. The CRP on the HTGR UAM Phase II specifications is also directly linked to the Phase I specification document, since the core models required for Phase II exercises are constructed using the lattice models and cross-section libraries developed for Phase 1. It was decided at the Third Research Coordination Meeting (RCM) in May 2017 that the initial scope of CRP activities will be reduced to match the formally approved remaining contract period (June 2019), as well as limited funding and resource availability. A summary of the revised Phases I–IV exercise definitions is provided here.

42 ENGINEERING↗
NASA NTRS1977

National Geodetic Satellite Program, Part II: University of California, Los Angeles

Satellite orbit analyses are presented which were undertaken for: (1) reasons of insight and economy; (2) obtaining geophysically interesting tesseral harmonics; (3) comparing effects of tracking station location error drag, radiation pressure, and luni-solar attraction to tesseral harmonic effects; and (4) combination of satellite and terrestrial data. The analyses were divided into the following phases: (1) MINITRACK interferometry; early Baker-Nunn camera directions; (2) late Baker-Nunn camera directions; and (3) combined Baker-Nunn camera and TRANET Doppler data.

Kaula, W. M.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Cross-linking of two antiparallel vortex tubes

The detailed mechanisms in vortex cross-linking are unveiled by adequately resolved, direct numerical simulation of two viscous vortex tubes. There are three characteristic phases: (1) inviscid induction followed by core flattening and stretching; (2) bridging of the two vortices by accumulation of annihilated and then cross-linked vortex lines; and (3) threading of the remnants of the initial vortex pair in between the two bridges as they pull apart. These phases and the role of threading (along with bridging) in the mixing and the enstrophy cascade are explained, and it is shown that the mechanism is insensitive to asymmetries.

Melander, M. V.↗
NASA NTRS2005

Space-Based Range Safety and Future Space Range Applications

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Space-Based Telemetry and Range Safety (STARS) study is a multiphase project to demonstrate the performance, flexibility and cost savings that can be realized by using space-based assets for the Range Safety [global positioning system (GPS) metric tracking data, flight termination command and range safety data relay] and Range User (telemetry) functions during vehicle launches and landings. Phase 1 included flight testing S-band Range Safety and Range User hardware in 2003 onboard a high-dynamic aircraft platform at Dryden Flight Research Center (Edwards, California, USA) using the NASA Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) as the communications link. The current effort, Phase 2, includes hardware and packaging upgrades to the S-band Range Safety system and development of a high data rate Ku-band Range User system. The enhanced Phase 2 Range Safety Unit (RSU) provided real-time video for three days during the historic Global Flyer (Scaled Composites, Mojave, California, USA) flight in March, 2005. Additional Phase 2 testing will include a sounding rocket test of the Range Safety system and aircraft flight testing of both systems. Future testing will include a flight test on a launch vehicle platform. This paper discusses both Range Safety and Range User developments and testing with emphasis on the Range Safety system. The operational concept of a future space-based range is also discussed.

Whiteman, Donald E.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Knocking out barriers to engineered cell activity

Engineered T cell therapies are revolutionizing cancer treatment by achieving long-lasting remission in blood-related cancers, such as leukemia and lymphoma. These therapies involve removal of patient T cells, “reprogramming” them to attack cancer cells, and then transferring them back into the patient. Targeted gene inactivation (knockout) using CRISPR-Cas9 can enhance T cell activity (1, 2) and has the potential to expand cell therapy applications. Until now, it has been unknown whether CRISPR-Cas9–edited T cells would be tolerated and thrive once reinfused into a human. On page 1001 of this issue, Stadtmauer et al. (3) present data from a phase 1 clinical trial (designed to test safety and feasibility) on the first cancer patients treated with CRISPR-Cas9–modified T cells. The findings represent an important advance in the therapeutic application of gene editing and highlight the potential to accelerate development of cell-based therapies.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗