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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,657 records · Page 92
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

The magnetic phase transition in Mn{sub 1.1}Fe{sub 0.9}P{sub 1−x}Ge{sub x} magnetocaloric alloys

Mn-Fe-P-Ge alloys are promising, low cost, high performance candidates for magnetic cooling applications based on the magnetocaloric effect. These alloys undergo a magnetic phase transition which induces a large entropy change (ΔS). Experimental and modeling studies were conducted to study this transition for varying Ge content. Landau theory and the Bean-Rodbell model were applied to Mn{sub 1.1}Fe{sub 0.9}P{sub 1−x}Ge{sub x} (x = 0.26, 0.3, and 0.32) melt spun ribbons to model the phase transition and the associated entropy change. The critical behavior of these alloys was studied. The critical composition range at which the cross over from first order to second order magnetic transition occurs was determined. The calculated thermodynamic values and critical temperatures were in good agreement with our experimental results. A high maximum entropy change (ΔS) of ∼44.9 J kg{sup −1} K{sup −1} was observed in Mn{sub 1.1}Fe{sub 0.9}P{sub 0.74}Ge{sub 0.26} in a 5 T applied magnetic field. The results suggest that Mn-Fe-P-Ge alloys are very attractive materials for near room temperature magnetic cooling.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2018

Laser induced phase transition in epitaxial FeRh layers studied by pump-probe valence band photoemission

We use time-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to probe the electronic and magnetization dynamics in FeRh films after ultrafast laser excitations. We present experimental and theoretical results which investigate the electronic structure of FeRh during the first-order phase transition, identifying a clear signature of the magnetic phase. We find that a spin polarized feature at the Fermi edge is a fingerprint of the magnetic status of the system that is independent of the long-range ferromagnetic alignment of the magnetic domains. We use this feature to follow the phase transition induced by a laser pulse in a pump-probe experiment and find that the magnetic transition occurs in less than 50 ps and reaches its maximum in 100 ps.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Magnetic properties of high Li doped ZnO sol–gel thin films

Highlights: • Ferromagnetism in high Li doped ZnO films. • Magnetic properties observed by Guoy's and VSM method. • The rod and wrinkle like structures are observed from the surface of the films. • Band gap of ZnO does not get altered by high Li doping. - Abstract: Undoped and Li doped ZnO thin films were deposited on a glass substrate using the sol–gel dip coating method. The films were prepared at 5 mol.% and 10 mol.% of Li doped ZnO at 550 °C annealing temperature and the deposited films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), microscopic studies, Gouy's method, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and UV–visible spectroscopy. All the deposited thin films had a hexagonal wurtzite structure with polycrystalline grains at random. Primarily magnetic properties of pure and Li doped ZnO films were observed by Guoy's method which depicted Dia and Para magnetic behavior at room temperature. VSM measurement reveals a coercivity of 97.7 Oe in the films. An inverse relative ferromagnetism was perceived in Li doped ZnO films which had an average transmission of <90%.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2016

Unusual high B{sub s} for Fe-based amorphous powders produced by a gas-atomization technique

Fe-based alloy powders with a high Fe content of about 81 at.% were produced by a gas-atomization technique. Powders of Fe{sub 81}Si{sub 1.9}B{sub 5.7}P{sub 11.4} (at.%) alloy showed a good glass forming ability and exhibited unusual high saturation magnetic flux density of 1.57 T. The core-loss property at a frequency of 100 kHz for the compacted core made of the Fe{sub 81}Si{sub 1.9}B{sub 5.7}P{sub 11.4} powder is evaluated to be less than 500 kW/m{sup 3} under a maximum induction of 100 mT. Moreover, good DC-superposition characteristic of the core was also confirmed. These results suggest that the present Fe-based alloy powder is promising for low-loss magnetic-core materials and expected to contribute in miniaturization of electric parts in the near future.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Magnetoelectric coupling of multiferroic chromium doped barium titanate thin film probed by magneto-impedance spectroscopy

Thin film of BaTiO{sub 3} doped with 0.1 at. % Cr (Cr:BTO) has been prepared by pulsed laser deposition technique. Film was deposited on Pt/SrTiO{sub 3} substrate at 500 °C in 50 mTorr Oxygen gas pressure using KrF (298 nm) laser. Polycrystalline growth of single phase Cr:BTO thin film has been confirmed by grazing angle X-ray diffraction. Cr:BTO film exhibited remnant polarization 6.4 μC/cm{sup 2} and 0.79 MV/cm coercivity. Magnetization measurement of Cr:BTO film showed magnetic moment 12 emu/cc. Formation of weakly magnetic domains has been captured by magnetic force microscopy. Theoretical impedance equation fitted to experimental data in Cole-Cole plot for thin film in presence of transverse magnetic field resolved the increase in grain capacitance from 4.58 × 10{sup −12} to 5.4 × 10{sup −11} F. Film exhibited high value 137 mV/cm-Oe magneto-electric (ME) coupling coefficient at room temperature. The high value of ME coupling obtained can reduce the typical processing steps involved in multilayer deposition to obtain multiferrocity in thin film. Barium titanate being best ferroelectric material has been tailored to be multiferroic by non ferromagnetic element, Cr, doping in thin film form opens an avenue for more stable and reliable spintronic material for low power magnetoelectric random excess memory applications.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2011

Synthesis and characterization of FeVO{sub 4} nanoparticles

Highlights: {yields} Simple co-precipitation method were employed for the synthesis of FeVO{sub 4}. {yields} The calcination temperature and the reaction time were optimized. {yields} The effect of surfactants on the structural, morphological and magnetic properties was studied. {yields} The shape of the particles changes due to the effect of surfactant. {yields} Enhancement of magnetic orderings on the addition of surfactant. -- Abstract: Iron vanadate (FeVO{sub 4}) nanoparticles were synthesized by simple co-precipitation method using various surfactants such as ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol 200 and polyethylene glycol 400 as the structure directing agents. Systematic investigations on the structural, morphological and magnetic properties of the materials have been studied. The lattice constants of the triclinic structure of FeVO{sub 4} were calculated from the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The average grain size was estimated to be around 35 nm, which increased with increasing the calcination temperature. The stretching and bending vibrations of Fe-O were evaluated from the FT-IR spectra. Using VSM magnetometer, magnetic property was investigated through magnetic susceptibility and magnetization measurements. FeVO{sub 4} exhibits two magnetic ordering temperatures at T {approx} 20 K and 14 K, which is due to two different chemical environments of Fe ligands such as octahedral FeO{sub 6} and trigonal bipyramidal FeO{sub 5} in a six-column doubly bent chain, respectively.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2013

Suppression of photovoltaic effect by magnetic field in Pr{sub 0.65}(Ca{sub 0.75}Sr{sub 0.25}){sub 0.35}MnO{sub 3}/Nb:SrTiO{sub 3} heterostructure

The heterostructure composed of Pr{sub 0.65}(Ca{sub 0.75}Sr{sub 0.25}){sub 0.35}MnO{sub 3} and 0.7 wt. % Nb-doped SrTiO{sub 3} was fabricated. The heterostructure exhibits an asymmetric current-voltage relation similar to that of p-n junctions and an obvious photovoltaic effect with its maximum value of about 25.1 mV at T = 140 K. It is interesting that the magnetic field has a strong suppression effect on photovoltaic effect, and the maximum relative change of photovoltage under the magnetic field of 1 T is about 63% with the illumination of 15 mW/mm{sup 2} light (532 nm) at T ∼ 140 K. The physical mechanism is explained by the electronic phase separation mechanism.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Recording-media-related morphology and magnetic properties of crystalline CoPt{sub 3} and CoPt{sub 3}-Au core-shell nanoparticles synthesized via reverse microemulsion

A comparative experimental study of the magnetic properties of CoPt{sub 3} and CoPt{sub 3}/Au nanoparticles as well as a detailed study of the structural properties of the samples by X-ray diffraction, Transmission electron microscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer is presented in this work. In addition, the effect of particle size on the structure and magnetic properties of nanoparticles prepared by microemulsion is studied. The correlation between particle size, crystallinity, and magnetization was studied as well. CoPt nanoparticles have been studied intensively over the last decade because of their increased magnetic anisotropy in the ordered phase that can be interesting for high density magnetic recording. A significant high coercivity for as-prepared CoPt{sub 3} and CoPt{sub 3}-Au nanoparticles was obtained at room temperature and enhanced after annealing. The focused aim of our study is to obtain high coercivity at room temperature that follows the Curie-Weiss law. This indicates an interacting system in which the nanoparticles behave like single domain ferromagnetic materials in the particle size range of 8 to 35 nm. In addition, the interaction increases by cooling the samples to low temperature around 15 K. Temperature dependence 1/M graph was obtained to investigate the behavior of nanoparticles at low temperature and shows the best fit with Curie-Weis mode.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2011

La2MnV)6 Double Perovskite: a Structural Magnetic and X-ray Absorption Investigation

The synthesis, electron diffraction (ED), synchrotron X-ray and neutron structure, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and magnetic property studies of La{sub 2}MnVO{sub 6} double perovskite are described. Analysis of the synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction data for La{sub 2}MnVO{sub 6} indicates a disordered arrangement of Mn and V at the B-site of the perovskite structure. Absence of super-lattice reflections in the ED patterns for La{sub 2}MnVO{sub 6} supports the disordered cation arrangement. Room temperature time-of-flight (TOF) neutron powder diffraction (NPD) data show no evidence of cation ordering, in corroboration with the ED and synchrotron studies (orthorhombic Pnma, a = 5.6097(3), b = 7.8837(5) and c = 5.5668(3) {angstrom}; 295 K, NPD). A comparison of XAS analyses of La{sub 2}TVO{sub 6} with T = Ni and Co shows T{sup 2+} formal oxidation state while the T = Mn material evidences a Mn{sup 3+} admixture into a dominantly Mn{sup 2+} ground state. V-K edge measurements manifest a mirror image behavior with a V{sup 4+} state for T = Ni and Co with a V{sup 3+} admixture arising in the T = Mn material. The magnetic susceptibility data for La{sub 2}MnVO{sub 6} show ferromagnetic correlations; the observed effective moment, {mu}{sub eff} (5.72 {micro}B) is much smaller than the calculated moment (6.16 {micro}B) based on the spin-only formula for Mn{sup 2+} (d{sup 5}, HS)/V{sup 4+} (d{sup 1}), supportive of the partly oxidized Mn and reduced V scenario (Mn{sup 3+}/V{sup 3+}).

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Combining Spin-Seebeck and Nernst Effects in Aligned MnBi/Bi Composites

The spin-Seebeck effect (SSE) is an advective transport process traditionally studied in bilayers composed of a ferromagnet (FM) and a non-magnetic metal (NM) with strong spin-orbit coupling. In a temperature gradient, the flux of magnons in the FM transfers spin-angular momentum to electrons in the NM, which by the inverse spin-Hall effect generates an SSE voltage. In contrast, the Nernst effect is a bulk transport phenomenon in homogeneous NMs or FMs. These effects share the same geometry, and we show here that they can be added to each other in a new combination of FM/NM composites where synthesis via in-field annealing results in the FM material (MnBi) forming aligned needles inside an NM matrix with strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) (Bi). Through examination of the materials’ microstructural, magnetic, and transport properties, we searched for signs of enhanced transverse thermopower facilitated by an SSE contribution from MnBi adding to the Nernst effect in Bi. Our results indicate that these two signals are additive in samples with lower MnBi concentrations, suggesting a new way forward in the study of SSE composite materials.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Incommensurate Spiral Spin Order in CaMn 2 Bi 2 Observed via High-Pressure Neutron Diffraction

Here, high-pressure neutron diffraction is employed to investigate the magnetic behavior of CaMn 2 Bi 2 in extreme conditions. In contrast to antiferromagnetic ordering on Mn atoms reported at ambient pressure, our results reveal that at high pressure, incommensurate spiral spin order emerges due to the interplay between magnetism on the Mn atoms and strong spin–orbit coupling on the Bi atoms: sinusoidal spin order is observed at pressures as high as 7.4 GPa. First-principles calculations with a noncollinear spin orientation demonstrate band crossing behavior near the Fermi level as a result of strong hybridization between the d orbitals of Mn and the p orbitals of Bi atoms. Competing antiferromagnetic order is observed at different temperatures in the partially frustrated lattice. Theoretical models have been developed to investigate spin dynamics. This research provides a unique toolbox for conducting experimental and theoretical magnetic and spin dynamics studies of magnetic quantum materials via high-pressure neutron diffraction.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2014

Magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effects of Gd{sub x}Er{sub 1−x}Ga (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) compounds

We carefully studied the magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effect of Gd{sub x}Er{sub 1-x}Ga (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) compounds. The Gd{sub x}Er{sub 1-x}Ga compounds undergo two magnetic transitions with temperature increasing: spin-reorientation or antiferromagnetic-to-ferromagnetic (FM) transition and FM-to-paramagnetic transition. As the content of Gd increases from 0 to 1, the transition temperature in low temperature region changes from 15 K to 66 K and the Curie temperature increases obviously from 30 K to 181.9 K. Although the maximum value of magnetic entropy change (ΔS{sub M}) for Gd{sub x}Er{sub 1−x}Ga decreases with the increase of x, the refrigerant capacity (RC) improves remarkably compared with that of ErGa compound. Table-like ΔS{sub M} curves are observed for the compounds with x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4, which are very useful for real cooling applications. And Gd{sub 0.2}Er{sub 0.8}Ga and Gd{sub 0.3}Er{sub 0.7}Ga compounds show better magnetocaloric features than others in this series under considerations of both ΔS{sub M} and RC. The results of this series of compounds show us a possible way to design and improve the magnetic refrigerant materials by making some substitutions.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2024

Disorder-induced local strain distribution in Y-substituted TmVO 4

We report an investigation of the effect of substitution of Y for Tm in Tm 1-x ⁢Y x VO 4 via low-temperature heat capacity measurements, with the yttrium content x varying from 0 to 0.997. Because the Tm ions support a local quadrupolar (nematic) moment, they act as reporters of the local strain state in the material, with the splitting of the ion's non-Kramers crystal field ground state proportional to the quadrature sum of the in-plane tetragonal symmetry-breaking transverse and longitudinal strains experienced by each ion individually. Analysis of the heat capacity, therefore, provides detailed insights into the distribution of local strains that arise as a consequence of the chemical substitution. These local strains suppress long-range quadrupole order for x > 0.22, and result in a broad Schottky-like feature for higher concentrations. Heat capacity data are compared to expectations for a distribution of uncorrelated (random) strains. For dilute Tm concentrations, the heat capacity cannot be accounted for by randomly distributed strains, demonstrating the presence of significant strain correlations between sites. For intermediate Tm concentrations, these correlations must still exist, but the data cannot be distinguished from that which would be obtained from a two-dimensional Gaussian distribution. The crossover between these limits is discussed in terms of the interplay of key lengthscales in the substituted material. Furthermore, the central result of this work, namely that local strains arising from chemical substitution are not uncorrelated, has implications for the range of validity of theoretical models based on random effective fields that are used to describe such chemically substituted materials, particularly when electronic nematic correlations are present.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2012

Preparation, structural, dielectric and magnetic properties of LaFeO{sub 3}–PbTiO{sub 3} solid solutions

Highlights: ► Solid-solutions of (1−x)LaFeO{sub 3}–(x)PbTiO{sub 3} were synthesized by solid-state reaction. ► XRPD and NPD evidence orthorhombic (x < 0.7) and tetragonal (x > 0.8) crystal structures. ► LaFeO{sub 3}-rich compositions order antiferromagnetically (x < 0.6, G-type structure). ► PbTiO{sub 3}-rich compositions exhibit ferroelectric order (x larger than 0.8). ► Magnetic and dielectric (relaxor) ordering coexist near room-temperature around x = 0.4. -- Abstract: Solid solutions of (1−x)LaFeO{sub 3}–(x)PbTiO{sub 3} (0 < x < 1) have been prepared by conventional solid-state reaction. These complex perovskites have been studied by means of X-ray (XRPD) and neutron powder (NPD) diffraction, complemented with dielectric, magnetic, heat capacity and Mössbauer measurements. Complete solubility in the perovskite series was demonstrated. The NPD and XRPD patterns were successfully refined as orthorhombic (x ≤ 0.7) and tetragonal (x ≥ 0.8). A composition-driven phase transformation occurs within the interval 0.7 < x < 0.8. The samples with x < 0.5 showed evidence of long-range magnetic ordering with an G-type antiferromagnetic arrangement of the magnetic moments of the Fe{sup 3+} cations in the B-site with propagation vector k = (0,0,0). Based on the obtained experimental data, a combined structural and magnetic phase diagram has been constructed. The factors governing the structural, dielectric and magnetic properties of (1−x)LaFeO{sub 3}–(x)PbTiO{sub 3} solid solutions are discussed, as well as their possible multiferroicity.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2011

Non-Ideal p-n junction Diode of Sb{sub x}Se{sub 1-x}(x = 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7) Thin Films

We have made diodes consisting of the same alloy i.e. Sb{sub x}Se{sub 1-x}(x = 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 and 0.7), but change the concentration of Sb metal from 40% to 70% atomic weight percentage. It is observed from the Hall measurements that the nature of charge carriers have changed from p- to n-type at x = 0.6 for Sb{sub x}Se{sub 1-x}. We have measured I-V characteristics of four p-n junction diodes i.e. p-Sb{sub 2}Se{sub 3}/n-Sb{sub 3}Se{sub 2}, p-Sb{sub 2}Se{sub 3}/n-Sb{sub 7}Se{sub 3}, p-SbSe/n-Sb{sub 3}Se{sub 2}, p-SbSe/n-Sb{sub 7}Se{sub 3}. From the I-V plots we have calculated the parameters as built-in voltage (V{sub bi}), forward resistance (R{sub f}), ideal factor (n), saturation current (I{sub o}), breakdown current (I{sub Bd}) and breakdown voltage (V{sub Bd}).

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Inducing a tunable skyrmion-antiskyrmion system through ion beam modification of FeGe films

Abstract Skyrmions and antiskyrmions are nanoscale swirling textures of magnetic moments formed by chiral interactions between atomic spins in magnetic noncentrosymmetric materials and multilayer films with broken inversion symmetry. These quasiparticles are of interest for use as information carriers in next-generation, low-energy spintronic applications. To develop skyrmion-based memory and logic, we must understand skyrmion-defect interactions with two main goals—determining how skyrmions navigate intrinsic material defects and determining how to engineer disorder for optimal device operation. Here, we introduce a tunable means of creating a skyrmion-antiskyrmion system by engineering the disorder landscape in FeGe using ion irradiation. Specifically, we irradiate epitaxial B20-phase FeGe films with 2.8 MeV Au 4+ ions at varying fluences, inducing amorphous regions within the crystalline matrix. Using low-temperature electrical transport and magnetization measurements, we observe a strong topological Hall effect with a double-peak feature that serves as a signature of skyrmions and antiskyrmions. These results are a step towards the development of information storage devices that use skyrmions and antiskyrmions as storage bits, and our system may serve as a testbed for theoretically predicted phenomena in skyrmion-antiskyrmion crystals.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Widely Tunable Berry Curvature in the Magnetic Semimetal Cr 1+ δ Te 2

Abstract Magnetic semimetals have increasingly emerged as lucrative platforms hosting spin‐based topological phenomena in real and momentum spaces. Cr 1+ δ Te 2 is a self‐intercalated magnetic transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD), which exhibits topological magnetism and tunable electron filling. While recent studies have explored real‐space Berry curvature effects, similar considerations of momentum‐space Berry curvature are lacking. Here, the electronic structure and transport properties of epitaxial Cr 1+ δ Te 2 thin films are systematically investigated over a range of doping, δ (0.33 – 0.71). Spectroscopic experiments reveal the presence of a characteristic semi‐metallic band region, which shows a rigid like energy shift with δ. Transport experiments show that the intrinsic component of the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) is sizable and undergoes a sign flip across δ. Finally, density functional theory calculations establish a link between the doping evolution of the band structure and AHE: the AHE sign flip is shown to emerge from the sign change of the Berry curvature, as the semi‐metallic band region crosses the Fermi energy. These findings underscore the increasing relevance of momentum‐space Berry curvature in magnetic TMDs and provide a unique platform for intertwining topological physics in real and momentum spaces.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Temperature dependent Raman scattering in YCrO{sub 3}

High quality polycrystalline YCrO{sub 3} samples were synthesized using solid-state-reaction method. The samples were subsequently characterized using X-ray diffraction and magnetometry. Further, temperature dependent Raman spectroscopy over a spectral range from 100 to 800 cm{sup −1} was used to examine the variation of phonons as a function of temperature from 90 to 300 K. In the low temperature ferroelectric phase of YCrO{sub 3}, the observed phonon spectra showed softening of some Raman modes below the magnetic ordering temperature (T{sub N} ∼ 142K), suggesting a coupling between the spin and phonon degrees of freedom.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗