Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “INTERACTION RANGE”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,657 records · Page 92
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

Exclusive processes at JLab at 6 GeV

Deeply virtual exclusive reactions provide a unique opportunity to probe the complex internal structure of the nucleon. They allow to access information about the correlations between parton transverse spatial and longitudinal momentum distributions from experimental observables. Dedicated experiments to study Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) and Deeply Virtual Meson Production (DVMP) have been carried out at Jefferson Lab using continuous electron beam with energies up to 6 GeV. Unpolarized cross sections, beam, target and double spin asymmetries have been measured for DVCS as well as for π 0 exclusive electroproduction. The data from Hall B provide a wide kinematic coverage with Q 2 =1-4.5 GeV 2 , x B =0.1-0.5, and -t up to 2 GeV 2 . Hall A data have limited kinematic range partially overlapping with Hall B kinematics but provide a high accuracy measurements. Scaling tests of the DVCS cross sections provide solid evidence of twist-2 dominance, which makes chiral-even GPDs accessible even at modest Q 2 . We will discuss the interpretation of these data in terms of Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) model. Successful description of the recent CLAS π 0 exclusive production data within the framework of the GPD-based model provides a unique opportunity to access the chiral-odd GPDs.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
NASA NTRS1996

Nonlinear Bubble Interactions in Acoustic Pressure Fields

The systems consisting of a two-phase mixture, as clouds of bubbles or drops, have shown many common features in their responses to different external force fields. One of particular interest is the effect of an unsteady pressure field applied to these systems, case in which the coupling of the vibrations induced in two neighboring components (two drops or two bubbles) may result in an interaction force between them. This behavior was explained by Bjerknes by postulating that every body that is moving in an accelerating fluid is subjected to a 'kinetic buoyancy' equal with the product of the acceleration of the fluid multiplied by the mass of the fluid displaced by the body. The external sound wave applied to a system of drops/bubbles triggers secondary sound waves from each component of the system. These secondary pressure fields integrated over the surface of the neighboring drop/bubble may result in a force additional to the effect of the primary sound wave on each component of the system. In certain conditions, the magnitude of these secondary forces may result in significant changes in the dynamics of each component, thus in the behavior of the entire system. In a system containing bubbles, the sound wave radiated by one bubble at the location of a neighboring one is dominated by the volume oscillation mode and its effects can be important for a large range of frequencies. The interaction forces in a system consisting of drops are much smaller than those consisting of bubbles. Therefore, as a first step towards the understanding of the drop-drop interaction subject to external pressure fluctuations, it is more convenient to study the bubble interactions. This paper presents experimental results and theoretical predictions concerning the interaction and the motion of two levitated air bubbles in water in the presence of an acoustic field at high frequencies (22-23 KHz).

Barbat, Tiberiu↗
DOE OSTI2016

Ab initio electronic structure of quasi-two-dimensional materials: A “native” Gaussian–plane wave approach

Ab initio electronic structure calculations of two-dimensional layered structures are typically performed using codes that were developed for three-dimensional structures, which are periodic in all three directions. The introduction of a periodicity in the third direction (perpendicular to the layer) is completely artificial and may lead in some cases to spurious results and to difficulties in treating the action of external fields. In this paper we develop a new approach, which is “native” to quasi-2D materials, making use of basis function that are periodic in the plane, but atomic-like in the perpendicular direction. We show how some of the basic tools of ab initio electronic structure theory — density functional theory, GW approximation and Bethe-Salpeter equation — are implemented in the new basis. We argue that the new approach will be preferable to the conventional one in treating the peculiarities of layered materials, including the long range of the unscreened Coulomb interaction in insulators, and the effects of strain, corrugations, and external fields.

Trevisanutto, Paolo E.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Empirical evidence that mean soil contaminant concentration is not a conservative indicator of external exposure to wildlife

Adequate information on external exposure is often a limiting factor in ecological risk assessments because of a lack of exposure data for free-ranging animals as they interact with a heterogeneous distribution of contaminants. Instead, most wildlife exposure data are estimated from model simulations. However, empirical exposure data are rarely available to verify model results, or to test fundamental assumptions inherent in exposure assessments. We used novel, GPS-coupled radiation dosimeters on reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) to quantify their external exposure for five months in a Chernobyl fallout affected mountainous area of Norway. The exposure data were then used to test a fundamental assumption in screening-level risk assessments: Mean soil contaminant concentrations can be used to conservatively estimate chronic external exposures to representative animals. External exposure and GPS coordinates were obtained hourly and compared to model simulations of exposure based on airborne surveys of 137 Cs soil contamination. Our objectives were to determine 1) if modelled dose estimates based on mean 137 Cs soil concentrations were conservative, and 2) if modelled dose estimates could be improved by adjusting for spatial–temporal heterogeneity of contaminants using 137 Cs concentrations within reindeers’ GPS-defined home ranges and core areas. We found that external exposure modelled from mean soil contaminant concentrations underestimated exposure by 70% compared to empirical measurements from GPS-dosimeter collars worn on individual animals. Using area-weighted mean contaminant levels within the animals’ home range improved the model estimates, but still underestimated the field dosimeter data by 53%. The best estimate of external exposure was obtained when high-use areas within their home range, along with spatial heterogeneity of the contaminant, was accounted for by using area-weighted mean soil contaminant levels within GPS-derived core areas. Accounting for temporal use of core areas within animals’ home range provided a 24% improvement. Here, a comparison of our analyses to similar work performed on Chernobyl wolves found the two studies concur that risk assessors should be cautious in relying on the paradigm of using averaged soil contaminant levels to provide conservative estimates of external exposure to representative individuals. Results of modelled external exposure based on mean soil contaminant concentrations could misguide assessors and cause inappropriate management decisions.

63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTAN↗
DOE OSTI2015

New results of measurement of cross sections for electron-positron annihilation to hadrons with the SND detector at VEPP-2000

A survey of preliminary results of experiments with the SND detector at the VEPP-2000 e{sup +}e{sup −} collider in the energy range of √s = 1000–2000 MeV MeV is presented. The cross sections for the processes e{sup +}e{sup −} → π{sup 0}π{sup 0}γ, e{sup +}e{sup −} → π{sup +}π{sup −}π{sup 0}π{sup 0}, e{sup +}e{sup −} → π{sup +}π{sup −}π{sup 0}, e{sup +}e{sup −} → π{sup +}π{sup −}η, and e{sup +}e{sup −} → pp̄ were measured. The measured cross sections agree with the results of earlier measurements but have a higher precision. The cross section for the process e{sup +}e{sup −} → ηγ in the energy range extending from 1.4 to 2 GeV was measured for the first time. The ratio G{sub E}/G{sub M} for the neutron was measured for the first time in the timelike region.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Radial Regge trajectories for higher {psi}(nS) and {psi}(nD) states

The masses of {Psi}((n + 1){sup 3}S{sub 1}) and {Psi}(n{sup 3}D{sub 1}) are calculated using the relativistic string Hamiltonian with 'linear + gluon-exchange' potential. They occur in the range 4.5-5.8 GeV, in particular, M(3D) = 4.54 GeV, M(5S) = 4.79 GeV, M(4D) = 4.85 GeV are calculated with accuracy {approx}50 MeV. The linear Regge trajectories: M{sup 2}(nS) = M{sup 2}({psi}(4.42)) + 2.91 GeV{sup 2} (n - 4) (n {>=} 4) and M{sup 2}(nD) = M{sup 2}({Psi}(4.54)) + 2.88 GeV{sup 2} (n - 3) (n {>=} 3) are obtained only for higher charmonium states. They have a slope two times larger than that of light mesons and give a good description of calculated masses. These masses are compared with enhancements in some recent e{sup +}e{sup -} experiments.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Status of ICARUS NUMI Interaction Cross-Section Analysis

The ICARUS experiment, utilizing Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LAr TPC) technology, has been installed at Fermilab in Chicago, Illinois, following its initial operation in Italy and subsequent refurbishment at CERN. ICARUS completed commissioning in June 2022. Currently, the experiment is in the phase of analyzing data from its two runs of physics data acquisition and gearing up for the third run. While its primary objective is to function as the far detector of the Short Baseline Neutrino program (SBN), seeking sterile neutrino signatures, ICARUS also offers diverse physics capabilities, including searches beyond the standard model and measurements of cross-sections. In addition to being exposed to the common Booster Neutrino (BNB) beamline, ICARUS also receives off-axis neutrinos from the Main Injector (NuMI) beam. Due to the off-axis angle between NuMI and ICARUS, coupled with contributions from both pion and kaon decays to neutrino fluxes, interactions of NuMI neutrinos within ICARUS can be detected over a range of several GeV in energy. These interactions present opportunities for crucial cross-section measurements and model tests within an energy range that overlaps both the SBN oscillation search and a portion of the DUNE spectrum. This poster presentation will delve into our efforts to conduct a muon-neutrino cross-section measurement, where the signal is defined by events with no pions produced in the final state of the interaction, along with some preliminary muon-neutrino inclusive measurements. Additionally, it will provide updates on the current status and future plans, including reconstruction, selection, and analysis procedures.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2015

A review on the relativistic effective field theory with parameterized couplings for nuclear matter and neutron stars

Nuclear science has developed many excellent theoretical models for many-body systems in the domain of the baryon-meson strong interaction for the nucleus and nuclear matter at low, medium and high densities. However, a full microscopic understanding of nuclear systems in the extreme density domain of compact stars is still lacking. The aim of this contribution is to shed some light on open questions facing the nuclear many-body problem at the very high density domain. Here we focus our attention on the conceptual issue of naturalness and its role in shaping the baryon-meson phase space dynamics in the description of the equation of state (EoS) of nuclear matter and neutrons stars. In particular, in order to stimulate possible new directions of research, we discuss relevant aspects of a recently developed relativistic effective theory for nuclear matter within Quantum Hadrodynamics (QHD) with genuine many-body forces and derivative natural parametric couplings. Among other topics we discuss in this work the connection of this theory with other known effective QHD models of the literature and its potentiality in describing a new physics for dense matter. The model with parameterized couplings exhausts the whole fundamental baryon octet (n, p, Σ{sup −}, Σ{sup 0}, Σ{sup +}, Λ, Ξ{sup −}, Ξ{sup 0}) and simulates n-order corrections to the minimal Yukawa baryon couplings by considering nonlinear self-couplings of meson fields and meson-meson interaction terms coupled to the baryon fields involving scalar-isoscalar (σ, σ∗), vector-isoscalar (ω, Φ), vector-isovector (ϱ) and scalar-isovector (δ) virtual sectors. Following recent experimental results, we consider in our calculations the extreme case where the Σ{sup −} experiences such a strong repulsion that its influence in the nuclear structure of a neutron star is excluded at all. A few examples of calculations of properties of neutron stars are shown and prospects for the future are discussed.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS1984

Experimental studies on two dimensional shock boundary layer interactions

Experiments have been performed on the interaction of oblique shock waves with flat plate boundary layers in the 30.48 cm x 30.48 cm (1 ft. x 1 ft.) supersonic wind tunnel at NASA Lewis Research Center. High accuracy measurements of the plate surface static pressure and shear stress distributions as well as boundary layer velocity profiles were obtained through the interaction region. Documentation was also performed of the tunnel test section flow field and of the two-dimensionality of the interaction regions. The findings provide detailed description of two-dimensional interaction with initially laminar boundary layers over the Mach number range 2.0 to 4.0. Additional information with regard to interactions involving initially transitional boundary layers is presented over the Mach number range 2.0 to 3.0 and those for initially turbulent boundary layers at Mach 2.0. These experiments were directed toward providing well documented information of high accuracy useful as test cases for analytic and numerical calculations. Flow conditions encompassed a Reynolds number range of 4.72E6 to 2.95E7 per meter. The shock boundary layer interaction results were found to be generally in good agreement with the experimental work of previous authors both in terms of direct numerical comparison and in support of correlations establishing laminar separation characteristics.

Skebe, S. A.↗
DOE OSTI2016

Cool WISPs for stellar cooling excesses

Several stellar systems (white dwarfs, red giants, horizontal branch stars and possibly the neutron star in the supernova remnant Cassiopeia A) show a mild preference for a non-standard cooling mechanism when compared with theoretical models. This exotic cooling could be provided by Weakly Interacting Slim Particles (WISPs), produced in the hot cores and abandoning the star unimpeded, contributing directly to the energy loss. Taken individually, these excesses do not show a strong statistical weight. However, if one mechanism could consistently explain several of them, the hint could be significant. We analyze the hints in terms of neutrino anomalous magnetic moments, minicharged particles, hidden photons and axion-like particles (ALPs). Among them, the ALP or a massless HP represent the best solution. Interestingly, the hinted ALP parameter space is accessible to the next generation proposed ALP searches, such as ALPS II and IAXO and the massless HP requires a multi TeV energy scale of new physics that might be accessible at the LHC.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2013

DVCS and GPDs at eRHIC: Towards a high resolution partonic imaging

The feasibility for a measurement of the exclusive production of a real photon, a process although known as Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) at an eRHIC has been explored. An electron-proton/ion collider facility (eRHIC) is under consideration at BrookhavenNational Laboratory (BNL). Such a new facility will require the design and construction of a new optimized detector profiting from the experience gained from electron-proton colliders like at the experiments H1 and ZEUS at DESY-HERA. In particular, eRHIC is a machine designed to collide an electron beam with energies ranging from 5 GeV up to 20 GeV with the RHIC hadron beams (protons (100-250 GeV) and nuclei ({<=} 100 GeV)), thus varying center-of-mass energies. DVCS is universally believed to be a golden measurement toward the determination of the Generalized Parton Distribution (GPDs) functions. The high luminosity of the machine, expected in the order of 10{sup 34} cm{sup 2}s{sup -1} at the highest center-of-mass energy, together with the large rapidity acceptance of a newly designed dedicated detector, will open the opportunity for measuring DVCS with an unprecedented precision, providing an important tool toward a 2+1 dimensional picture of the internal structure of the proton. The huge impact such measurements would have on the determination of GPDs will be discussed.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Excitation of Soliton-Type Waves in Crystals of the A{sub 3}B Stoichiometry

Using the method of molecular dynamics and taking Ni{sub 3}Al and Pt{sub 3}Al as examples, crystals of the A{sub 3}B composition are considered for the possibility of excitation of soliton-type waves in them. The potentials obtained by the embedded-atom method were used to describe interatomic interactions. It is shown that the harmonic external stimulus can excite waves of the soliton type in a Pt{sub 3}Al crystal, but not in Ni{sub 3}Al. Such compression–expansion waves are generated because of excitation of discrete breathers with soft nonlinearity that cannot exist in a Ni{sub 3}Al crystal near the affected region. The detected waves are capable of propagating to thousands of nanometers along the Pt{sub 3}Al crystal without losses of integrity and speed. The shape of the obtained wave corresponds to the kink solution of the sine-Gordon equation. The aggregate amount of energy transferred by a wave is determined by the number of rows of atoms involved in fluctuations; this may involve dozens and hundreds of electron volts.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2010

Scaling Phenomenology in Meson Photoproduction from CLAS

In the high energy limit, perturbative QCD predicts that hard scattering amplitudes should follow simple scaling laws. For hard scattering at 90 deg., we show that experiments support this prediction even in the ''medium energy'' regime of 2.3 GeV{<=}{radical}(s){<=}2.84 GeV, as long as there are no s-channel resonances present. Our data consists of high statistics measurements for five different exclusive meson photoproduction channels (p{omega}, p{eta}, p{eta}', K{sup +{Lambda}}and K{sup +{Sigma}0}) recently obtained from CLAS at Jefferson Lab. The same power-law scaling also leads to ''saturated'' Regge trajectories at high energies. That is, at large -t and -u, Regge trajectories must approach constant negative integers. We demonstrate the application of saturated Regge phenomenology by performing a partial wave analysis fit to the {gamma}yp{yields}p{eta}'differential cross sections.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Uncertainty-informed selection of CMIP6 Earth System Model subsets for use in multisectoral and impact models

Earth system models (ESMs) and general circulation models (GCMs) are heavily used to provide inputs to sectoral impact and multisector dynamic models, which include representations of energy, water, land, economics, and their interactions. Therefore, representing the full range of model uncertainty, scenario uncertainty, and interannual variability that ensembles of these models capture is critical to the exploration of the future co-evolution of the integrated human–Earth system. The pre-eminent source of these ensembles has been the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP). With more modeling centers participating in each new CMIP phase, the size of the model archive is rapidly increasing, which can be intractable for impact modelers to effectively utilize due to computational constraints and the challenges of analyzing large datasets. In this work, we present a method to select a subset of the latest phase, CMIP6, featuring models for use as inputs to a sectoral impact or multisector dynamics models, while prioritizing preservation of the range of model uncertainty, scenario uncertainty, and interannual variability in the full CMIP6 ensemble results. This method is intended to help impact modelers select climate information from the CMIP archive efficiently for use in downstream models that require global coverage of climate information. This is particularly critical for large-ensemble experiments of multisector dynamic models that may be varying additional features beyond climate inputs in a factorial design, thus putting constraints on the number of climate simulations that can be used. We focus on temperature and precipitation outputs of CMIP6 models, as these are two of the most used variables among impact models, and many other key input variables for impacts are at least correlated with one or both of temperature and precipitation (e.g., relative humidity). Besides preserving the multi-model ensemble variance characteristics, we prioritize selecting CMIP6 models in the subset that preserve the very likely distribution of equilibrium climate sensitivity values as assessed by the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report. This approach could be applied to other output variables of climate models and, possibly when combined with emulators, offers a flexible framework for designing more efficient experiments on human-relevant climate impacts. It can also provide greater insight into the properties of existing CMIP6 models.

Snyder, Abigail C.↗
DOE OSTI2015

MULTI-WAVELENGTH EMISSION FROM THE FERMI BUBBLE. II. SECONDARY ELECTRONS AND THE HADRONIC MODEL OF THE BUBBLE

We analyze the origin of the gamma-ray flux from the Fermi Bubbles (FBs) in the framework of the hadronic model in which gamma-rays are produced by collisions of relativistic protons with the protons of the background plasma in the Galactic halo. It is assumed in this model that the observed radio emission from the FBs is due to synchrotron radiation of secondary electrons produced by pp collisions. However, if these electrons lose their energy through synchrotron and inverse-Compton emission, the spectrum of secondary electrons will be too soft, and an additional arbitrary component of the primary electrons will be necessary in order to reproduce the radio data. Thus, a mixture of the hadronic and leptonic models is required for the observed radio flux. It was shown that if the spectrum of primary electrons is ∝E{sub e}{sup −2}, the permitted range of the magnetic field strength is within the 2-7 μG region. The fraction of gamma-rays produced by pp collisions can reach about 80% of the total gamma-ray flux from the FBs. If the magnetic field is <2 μG or >7 μG the model is unable to reproduce the data. Alternatively, the electrons in the FBs may lose their energy through adiabatic energy losses if there is a strong plasma outflow in the GC. Then, the pure hadronic model is able to reproduce characteristics of the radio and gamma-ray flux from the FBs. However, in this case the required magnetic field strength in the FBs and the power of CR sources are much higher than those following from observations.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS1987

Some experiences with the viscous-inviscid interaction approach

Methods for simulating compressible viscous flow using the viscid-inviscid interaction approach are described. The formulations presented range from the more familiar full-potential/boundary-layer interaction schemes to a method for coupling Euler/Navier-Stokes and boundary-layer algorithms. An effort is made to describe the advantages and disadvantages of each formulation. Sample results are presented which illustrate the applicability of the methods.

Vandalsem, W. R.↗