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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,639 records · Page 91
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

X-ray production cross sections at incident photon energies across the M{sub i} (i=1-5) edges of {sub 90}Th

The X-ray production cross sections for the M{sub k} (k= ξ, δ, α, β, ζ, γ, m{sub 1}, m{sub 2}) groups of X-rays have been evaluated at incident photon energies across the M{sub i} (i =1-5) edges of {sub 90}Th using the relativistic Hartree-Fock-Slater model based photoionisation cross sections and recently reported values of the M-shell X-ray emission rates, fluorescence and Coster Kronig yields. Further, the energies of the prominent (M{sub i}-S{sub j}) (S{sub j}=N{sub j}, O{sub j} and i =1-3, j =1-7) resonant Raman scattered (RRS) peaks at different incident photon energies have also been evaluated using the neutral-atom electron binding energies (E{sub sj}) based on the relaxed orbital relativistic Hartree-Fock-Slater model.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Analysis of colliding nuclear matter in terms of symmetry energy and cross-section using computational method

Here we perform a systematic study to extract the information for colliding nuclear matter via symmetry energy and nucleon-nucleon cross section in the fragmentation of some asymmetric colliding nuclei (O{sup 16}+Br{sup 80,} {sup 84,} {sup 92}) in the energy range between 50-200 MeV/nucleon. The simulations are carried out using isospin-dependent quantum-molecular dynamics (IQMD) computational approach for central collisions. Our study reveals that fragmentation pattern of neutron-rich colliding nuclei is sensitive to symmetry energy at lower incident energies, whereas isospin dependence of nucleon-nucleon cross section becomes dominant for reactions at higher incident energies.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Calculation of photodetachment cross sections and photoelectron angular distributions of negative ions using density functional theory

Recently, the development of photoelectron velocity map imaging makes it much easier to obtain the photoelectron angular distributions (PADs) experimentally. However, explanations of PADs are only qualitative in most cases, and very limited works have been reported on how to calculate PAD of anions. In the present work, we report a method using the density-functional-theory Kohn-Sham orbitals to calculate the photodetachment cross sections and the anisotropy parameter β. The spherical average over all random molecular orientation is calculated analytically. A program which can handle both the Gaussian type orbital and the Slater type orbital has been coded. The testing calculations on Li{sup −}, C{sup −}, O{sup −}, F{sup −}, CH{sup −}, OH{sup −}, NH{sub 2}{sup −}, O{sub 2}{sup −}, and S{sub 2}{sup −} show that our method is an efficient way to calculate the photodetachment cross section and anisotropy parameter β for anions, thus promising for large systems.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2016

Ab initio calculation of the cross sections for electron impact vibrational excitation of CO via the {sup 2}Π shape resonance

The stabilization method is used to calculate the complex potential energy curve of the {sup 2}Π state of CO{sup −} as a function of bond length, with the refinement that separate potentials are determined for p-wave and d-wave attachment and detachment of the excess electron. Using the resulting complex potentials, absolute vibrational excitation cross sections are calculated as a function of electron energy and scattering angle. The calculated cross sections agree well with experiment.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2016

Charged-current inclusive neutrino cross sections in the SuperScaling model

SuperScaling model (SuSA) predictions to neutrino-induced charged-current π{sup +} production in the Δ-resonance region are explored under MiniBooNE experimental conditions. The SuSA charged-current π{sup +} results are in good agreement with data on neutrino flux-averaged double-differential cross sections. The SuSA model for quasielastic scattering and its extension to the pion production region are used for predictions of charged-current inclusive neutrino-nucleus cross sections. Results are also compared with the T2K experimental data for inclusive scattering.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Cross sections for electron collisions with nitric oxide

Cross section data are reviewed for electron collisions with nitric oxide. Collision processes considered are total scattering, elastic scattering, momentum transfer, excitations of rotational, vibrational, and electronic states, ionization, and dissociative electron attachment. After a survey of the literature (up to the end of 2015), recommended values of the cross section are determined, as far as possible.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2012

STORAGE RING CROSS-SECTION MEASUREMENTS FOR ELECTRON IMPACT SINGLE AND DOUBLE IONIZATION OF Fe{sup 9+} AND SINGLE IONIZATION OF Fe{sup 10+}

We have measured electron impact ionization from the ground state of Fe{sup 9+} and Fe{sup 10+} over the relative electron-ion collision energy ranges 200-1900 eV and 250-1800 eV, respectively. The ions were confined in an ion storage ring long enough for essentially all metastable levels to radiatively relax to the ground state. For single ionization, we find a number of discrepancies between the existing theoretical cross sections and our results. The calculations appear to neglect some excitation-autoionization (EA) channels, particularly from n = 3 to n' excitations, which are important near threshold, and those from n = 2 {yields} 3 excitations, which contribute at about 650 eV. Conversely, at higher energies the calculations appear to overestimate the importance of EA channels due to excitation into levels where n {>=} 4. The resulting experimental rate coefficients agree with the most recent theory for Fe{sup 9+} to within 16% and for Fe{sup 10+} to within 19% at temperatures where these ions are predicted to form in collisional ionization equilibrium. We have also measured double ionization of Fe{sup 9+} forming Fe{sup 11+} in the energy range 450-3000 eV and found that although there is an appreciable cross section for direct double ionization, the dominant mechanism appears to be through direct ionization of an inner shell electron producing an excited state that subsequently stabilizes through autoionization.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2015

STORAGE RING CROSS SECTION MEASUREMENTS FOR ELECTRON IMPACT IONIZATION OF Fe{sup 7+}

We have measured electron impact ionization for Fe{sup 7+} from the ionization threshold up to 1200 eV. The measurements were performed using the TSR heavy ion storage ring. The ions were stored long enough prior to measurements to remove most metastables, resulting in a beam of 94% ground-level ions. Comparing with the previously recommended atomic data, we find that the Arnaud and Raymond cross section is up to about 40% larger than our measurement, with the largest discrepancies below about 400 eV. The cross section of Dere agrees to within 10%, which is about the magnitude of the experimental uncertainties. The remaining discrepancies between our measurement and the Dere calculations are likely due to shortcomings in the theoretical treatment of the excitation-autoionization contribution.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Thermal conduction by dark matter with velocity and momentum-dependent cross-sections

We use the formalism of Gould and Raffelt [1] to compute the dimensionless thermal conduction coefficients for scattering of dark matter particles with standard model nucleons via cross-sections that depend on the relative velocity or momentum exchanged between particles. Motivated by models invoked to reconcile various recent results in direct detection, we explicitly compute the conduction coefficients α and κ for cross-sections that go as v{sub rel}{sup 2}, v{sub rel}{sup 4}, v{sub rel}{sup −2}, q{sup 2}, q{sup 4} and q{sup −2}, where v{sub rel} is the relative DM-nucleus velocity and q is the momentum transferred in the collision. We find that a v{sub rel}{sup −2} dependence can significantly enhance energy transport from the inner solar core to the outer core. The same can true for any q-dependent coupling, if the dark matter mass lies within some specific range for each coupling. This effect can complement direct searches for dark matter; combining these results with state-of-the-art solar simulations should greatly increase sensitivity to certain DM models. It also seems possible that the so-called Solar Abundance Problem could be resolved by enhanced energy transport in the solar core due to such velocity- or momentum-dependent scatterings.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Measurement of e + e - → $D\bar{D}$ cross sections at the ψ(3770) resonance

Here, we report new measurements of the cross sections for the production of $D\bar{D}$ final states at the ψ(3770) resonance. Our data sample consists of an integrated luminosity of 2.93 fb -1 of e + e - annihilation data produced by the BEPCII collider and collected and analyzed with the BESIII detector. We exclusively reconstruct three D 0 and six D + hadronic decay modes and use the ratio of the yield of fully reconstructed $D\bar{D}$ events ("double tags") to the yield of all reconstructed D or $\bar{D}$ mesons ("single tags") to determine the number of D 0 $\bar{D}$ 0 and D + D - events, benefiting from the cancellation of many systematic uncertainties. Combining these yields with an independent determination of the integrated luminosity of the data sample, we find the cross sections to be σ(e + e - → D 0 $\bar{D}$ 0 ) nb and σ(e + e - → D + D - ) = (2.830 ± 0.011 ± 0.026) nb, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Resolution of Virtual Depth Sectioning from Four-Dimensional Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy

Abstract One approach to three-dimensional structure determination using the wealth of scattering data in four-dimensional (4D) scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is the parallax method proposed by Ophus et al. (2019. Advanced phase reconstruction methods enabled by 4D scanning transmission electron microscopy, Microsc Microanal25, 10–11), which determines the scattering matrix and uses it to synthesize a virtual depth-sectioning reconstruction of the sample structure. Drawing on an equivalence with a hypothetical confocal imaging mode, we derive contrast transfer and point spread functions for this parallax method applied to weakly scattering objects, showing them identical to earlier depth-sectioning STEM modes when only bright field signal is used, but that improved depth resolution is possible if dark field signal can be used. Through a simulation-based study of doped Si, we show that this depth resolution is preserved for thicker samples, explore the impact of shot noise on the parallax reconstructions, discuss challenges to making use of dark field signal, and identify cases where the interpretation of the parallax reconstruction breaks down.

3D imaging↗
DOE OSTI2020

Isotopically resolved neutron total cross sections at intermediate energies

The neutron total cross sections σ tot of 16,18 O, 58 64 Ni, 103 Rh, and 112,124 Sn have been measured at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center from low to intermediate energies (3 ≤ E lab ≤ 450 MeV) by leveraging wave-form-digitizer technology. The σ tot relative differences between isotopes are presented, revealing additional information about the isovector components needed for an accurate optical-model description away from stability. Digitizer-enabled σ tot -measurement techniques are discussed and a series of uncertainty-quantified dispersive optical model (DOM) analyses using these new data is presented, validating the use of the DOM for modeling light systems ( 16,18 O) and systems with open neutron shells ( 58,64 Ni and 112,124 Sn). Here, the valence-nucleon spectroscopic factors extracted for each isotope reaffirm the usefulness of high-energy proton reaction cross sections for characterizing depletion from the mean-field expectation.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Cross section for b b ¯ production via dielectrons in d + Au collisions at s N N = 200 GeV

We report a measurement of e⁺e⁻ pairs from semileptonic heavy-flavor decays in d+Au collisions at √s NN = 200 GeV. Thus, exploring the mass and transverse-momentum dependence of the yield, the bottom decay contribution can be isolated from charm, and quantified by comparison to PYTHIA and MC@NLO simulations. The resulting bb-production cross section is σ d Au bb =1.37±0.28(stat)±0.46(syst) mb, which is equivalent to a nucleon-nucleon cross section of σ NN bb =3.4 ± 0.8(stat)±1.1(syst) µb.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2024

First measurement of the total inelastic cross section of positively charged kaons on argon at energies between 5.0 and 7.5 GeV

ProtoDUNE Single-Phase (ProtoDUNE-SP) is a 770-ton liquid argon time projection chamber that operated in a hadron test beam at the CERN Neutrino Platform in 2018. We present a measurement of the total inelastic cross section of charged kaons on argon as a function of kaon energy using 6 and 7 GeV/𝑐 beam momentum settings. The flux-weighted average of the extracted inelastic cross section at each beam momentum setting was measured to be 380 ± 26 mbarns for the 6 GeV/𝑐 setting and 379 ± 35 mbarns for the 7 GeV/𝑐 setting.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2011

Total and inelastic cross sections at LHC at {radical}(s)=7 TeV and beyond

We discuss expectations for the total and inelastic cross sections at LHC CM energies {radical}(s)=7 TeV and 14 TeV obtained in an eikonal minijet model augmented by soft gluon k{sub t}-resummation, which we describe in some detail. We present a band of predictions which encompass recent LHC data and suggest that the inelastic cross section described by two-channel eikonal models include only uncorrelated processes. We show that this interpretation of the model is supported by the LHC data.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Formalism and upper limits for spin-dependent cross sections in dark matter elastic scattering with nuclei

We revise the spin-dependent neutralino-nucleus elastic scattering comparing the formalisms and approximations found in literature for the momentum transfer dependent structure functions. We argue that one of the normalized structure functions of Divari, Kosmas, Vergados, and Skouras is all that one needs to correctly take into account the detailed nuclear physics information provided by shell-model calculations. The factorization of the particle physics degrees of freedom from the nuclear physics momentum dependent structure functions implied by this formalism allows for a better understanding of the so-called model independent method for setting upper limits. We further discuss the possibility of experiments with spin-dependent sensitivity like COUPP to test or set limits on the proton spin-dependent cross section in the framework of the stau coannihilation region of the constrained minimal supersymmetric standard model. For this model with A{sub 0}=0, we provide a fitting formula by which it is possible to convert an upper limit on the spin-independent cross section as a function of the neutralino mass directly into an exclusion plot in the (m{sub 1/2}, tan{beta}) plane.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Cross section and transverse single-spin asymmetry of eta mesons in p ↑ plus p collisions at √s=200 GeV at forward rapidity

We present a measurement of the cross section and transverse single-spin asymmetry (A N ) for η mesons at large pseudorapidity from √s=200 GeV p ↑ +p collisions. The measured cross section for 0.5 T <5.0 GeV/c and 3.0<|η|<3.8 is well described by a next-to-leading-order perturbative-quantum-chromodynamics calculation. The asymmetries A N have been measured as a function of Feynman-x (x F ) from 0.2<|x F |<0.7, as well as transverse momentum (p T ) from 1.0 T <4.5 GeV/c. The asymmetry averaged over positive x F is (A N ) = 0.061±0.014. The results are consistent with prior transverse single-spin measurements of forward η and π⁰ mesons at various energies in overlapping x F ranges. Comparison of different particle species can help to determine the origin of the large observed asymmetries in p ↑ +p collisions.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Inclusive cross section and double-helicity asymmetry for $\pi^{0}$ production at midrapidity in $p$$+$$p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=510$ GeV

PHENIX measurements are presented for the cross section and double-helicity asymmetry (ALL) in inclusive π⁰ production at midrapidity from p+p collisions at √s = 510 GeV from data taken in 2012 and 2013 at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The next-to-leading-order perturbativequantum- chromodynamics theory calculation is in excellent agreement with the presented cross section results. The calculation utilized parton-to-pion fragmentation functions from the recent DSS14 global analysis, which prefer a smaller gluon-to-pion fragmentation function. The π⁰A LL results follow an increasingly positive asymmetry trend with pT and √s with respect to the predictions and are in excellent agreement with the latest global analysis results. This analysis incorporated earlier results on π0 and jet A LL , and suggested a positive contribution of gluon polarization to the spin of the proton ΔG for the gluon momentum fraction range x > 0.05. The data presented here extend to a currently unexplored region, down to x 0.01, and thus provide additional constraints on the value of ΔG.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗