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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,639 records · Page 91
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1995

A BATSE investigation of radiation belt electrons precipitated by VLF waves

The Compton Observatory commonly encounters fluxes of energetic electrons which have been scattered from the inner radiation belt to the path of the satellite by resonant interactions with VLF waves from powerful man-made transmitters. The present investigation was motivated by the fact that in the Fall of 1993, the Gamma Ray Observatory was boosted from a 650 km altitude circular orbit to a 750 km altitude circular orbit. This was an opportunity, for the first time, to make observations at two different altitudes using the same instrument. We have examined DISCLA data from the Burst & Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) experiment from 1 Sep. 1993 to 29 Jan. 1994. During the period of study we identified 48 instances of the satellite encountering a cloud of energetic electrons which had been scattered by VLF transmitters. We find that boosting the altitude of the circular orbit from 650 km to 750 km increased the intensity of cyclotron resonance scattered electrons by a factor of two. To search for long term changes in the cyclotron resonance precipitation, we have compared the approx. 750 km altitude data from 106 days at the end of 1993 with data at the same altitudes and time of year in 1991. The cyclotron resonance events in 1991 were three times more frequent and 25% of those cases were more intense than any seen in the 1993 data. We attribute this difference to increased level of geomagnetic activity in 1991 near the Solar Maximum.

Datlowe, Dayton W.↗
NASA NTRS1995

A BATSE investigation of radiation belt electrons precipitated by VLF waves

The Compton Observatory commonly encounters fluxes of energetic electrons which have been scattered from the inner radiation belt to the path of the satellite by resonant interactions with VLF waves from powerful man-made transmitters. The present investigation was motivated by the fact that in the Fall of 1993, the Gamma Ray Observatory was boosted from a 650 km altitude circular orbit to a 750 km altitude circular orbit. This was an opportunity, for the first time, to make observations at two different altitudes using the same instrument. We have examined DISCLA data from the Burst & Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) experiment from 1 Sep. 1993 to 29 Jan. 1994. During the period of study we identified 48 instances of the satellite encountering a cloud of energetic electrons which had been scattered by VLF transmitters. We find that boosting the altitude of the circular orbit from 650 km to 750 km increased the intensity of cyclotron resonance scattered electrons by a factor of two. To search for long term changes in the cyclotron resonance precipitation, we have compared the approx. 750 km altitude data from 106 days at the end of 1993 with data at the same altitudes and time of year in 1991. The cyclotron resonance events in 1991 were three times more frequent and 25% of those cases were more intense than any seen in the 1993 data. We attribute this difference to increased level of geomagnetic activity in 1991 near the Solar Maximum.

Datlowe, Dayton W.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Layer-resolved many-electron interactions in delafossite PdCoO2 from standing-wave photoemission spectroscopy

Abstract When a three-dimensional material is constructed by stacking different two-dimensional layers into an ordered structure, new and unique physical properties can emerge. An example is the delafossite PdCoO 2 , which consists of alternating layers of metallic Pd and Mott-insulating CoO 2 sheets. To understand the nature of the electronic coupling between the layers that gives rise to the unique properties of PdCoO 2 , we revealed its layer-resolved electronic structure combining standing-wave X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and ab initio many-body calculations. Experimentally, we have decomposed the measured VB spectrum into contributions from Pd and CoO 2 layers. Computationally, we find that many-body interactions in Pd and CoO 2 layers are highly different. Holes in the CoO 2 layer interact strongly with charge-transfer excitons in the same layer, whereas holes in the Pd layer couple to plasmons in the Pd layer. Interestingly, we find that holes in states hybridized across both layers couple to both types of excitations (charge-transfer excitons or plasmons), with the intensity of photoemission satellites being proportional to the projection of the state onto a given layer. This establishes satellites as a sensitive probe for inter-layer hybridization. These findings pave the way towards a better understanding of complex many-electron interactions in layered quantum materials.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS1976

A solitary wave theory of the Great Red Spot and other observed features in the Jovian atmosphere

It is shown that solitary waves in a planetary zonal shear have a shape and flow field that are virtually identical to those observed around the Red Spot and numerous other features that have been seen in the Jovian atmosphere. It is suggested that the theoretically calculated interaction between solitary waves has many characteristics in common with the observed interactions between these same Jovian features, and available atmospheric models are shown to be consistent with the very restrictive requirements of the theory.

Maxworthy, T.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Forced shelf circulation by an alongshore wind band

The forced circulation over a continental shelf generated by the alongshore wind stress is studied within the frictional regime. The model alongshore wind stress has a finite extent in the alongshore direction and oscillates monochromatically, resembling a series of anticyclones traveling across the coastline. Both the shelf-wave response and the localized non-wavelike response exist within the wind band. The numerical results show that the interaction of shelf waves with locally wind-forced response generates a large increase in the phase speed within the wind band. Given an alongshore variation in the alongshore wind stress, a right-bounded phase propagation is possible even in the absence of continental shelf waves. Given a reasonable friction currently accepted for the east coast of the United States, the resonance mechanism at the cutoff frequency may not be important, and lower frequency wind events generate larger amplitude continental shelf circulation. By reducing the friction, energy at cutoff fequencies leaks out of the wind band in both directions effectively. It also is shown that non-wavelike response depends only on the local wind stress and is not affected significantly by friction.

Chao, S.-Y.↗
NASA NTRS2018

Direct Observation of Electron Distributions Inside Millisecond Duration Electron Holes

Despite the importance of millisecond duration spatial structures [chorus wave nonlinearity or time domain structures (TDS)] to plasma dynamics, there have been no direct observations of the generation and interaction of these waves and TDS with electrons at the millisecond timescale required for their understanding. Through superposition of 0.195 ms Magnetospheric Multiscale Satellite electron measurements inside 37 superposed, millisecond duration electron holes, the first observations of electron spectra and pitch angle distributions on a submillisecond timescale have been obtained. They show that keV electrons inside the superposed electron hole are accelerated by several hundred volts and that the spectrum of electrons inside the electron hole contain several maxima and minima that are explained by a model of electron energy changes on entering the holes. We report the first observation of trapped electrons inside the TDS, in accordance with the theoretical requirement that such electrons must be present in order to form the phase space holes. Mechanisms of electron acceleration by electron holes (through perpendicular energy gain as the TDS moves into a converging magnetic field) and scattering (due to the perpendicular electric field) are discussed.

Mozer, F. S.↗
NASA NTRS2010

RANS Modeling of Benchmark Shockwave / Boundary Layer Interaction Experiments

This presentation summarizes the computations of a set of shock wave / turbulent boundary layer interaction (SWTBLI) test cases using the Wind-US code, as part of the 2010 American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) shock / boundary layer interaction workshop. The experiments involve supersonic flows in wind tunnels with a shock generator that directs an oblique shock wave toward the boundary layer along one of the walls of the wind tunnel. The Wind-US calculations utilized structured grid computations performed in Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes mode. Three turbulence models were investigated: the Spalart-Allmaras one-equation model, the Menter Shear Stress Transport wavenumber-angular frequency two-equation model, and an explicit algebraic stress wavenumber-angular frequency formulation. Effects of grid resolution and upwinding scheme were also considered. The results from the CFD calculations are compared to particle image velocimetry (PIV) data from the experiments. As expected, turbulence model effects dominated the accuracy of the solutions with upwinding scheme selection indicating minimal effects.!

Georgiadis, Nick↗
NASA NTRS1991

On the interaction between first- and second-mode waves in a supersonic boundary layer

Linear stability theory predicts two or more types of unstable disturbances in a sufficiently high-speed boundary layer. These include the first mode, which is similar to the Tollmien-Schlichting waves found in low-speed flows, and the second mode, which does not depend strongly on the viscosity. Generally, the most unstable first mode is three-dimensional while the most unstable second mode is two-dimensional. The interaction between these two spatially unstable modes are studied by direct solution of the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations. It is found that the two-dimensional second mode causes a significant increase in the nonlinearity and in the three-dimensionality of the flowfield. The results suggest that this interaction may accelerate transition for flows where the second mode has a significant growth rate.

Maestrello, L.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Stratospheric warmings: Synoptic, dynamic and general-circulation aspects

Synoptic descriptions consist largely of case studies, which involve a distinction between major and minor warmings. Results of energetics studies show the importance of tropospheric-stratospheric interaction, and the significance of the pressure-work term near the tropopause. Theoretical studies have suggested the role of wave-zonal flow interaction as well as nonlinear interaction between eddies, chemical and photochemical reactions, boundary forcing, and other factors. Numerical models have been based on such considerations, and these are discussed under various categories. Some indication is given as to why some of the models have been more successful than others in simulating warnings. The question of ozone and its role in warmings is briefly discussed. Finally, a broad view is taken of stratospheric warmings in relation to man's activities.

Mcinturff, R. M.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Magnetospheric plasma waves

Space measurements have provided a wealth of data on wave phenomena, plasma parameters, and energetic particle characteristics within the earth's magnetosphere. In the present paper, the generation, propagation, and interaction of plasma waves are discussed, along with the interpretation of the observations. Data on plasma waves from other planetary magnetospheres and cosmic plasma systems are examined and interpreted by analogy to the earth's magnetosphere. Areas requiring continued plasma wave research are indicated.

Shawhan, S. D.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Wave generation by contaminant ions near a large spacecraft

Measurements from the space shuttle flights have revealed that a large spacecraft in a low earth orbit is accompanied by an extensive gas cloud which is primarily made up of water. The charge exchange between the water molecule and the ionospheric O(+) ions produces a water ion beam traversing downstream of the spacecraft. In this report we present results from a study on the generation of plasma waves by the interaction of the water ion beams with the ionospheric plasma. Since velocity distribution function is key to the understanding of the wave generation process, we have performed a test particle simulation to determine the nature of H2O(+) ions velocity distribution function. The simulations show that at the time scales shorter than the ion cyclotron period tau(sub c), the distribution function can be described by a beam. On the other hand, when the time scales are larger than tau(sub c), a ring distribution forms. A brief description of the linear instabilities driven by an ion beam streaming across a magnetic field in a plasma is presented. We have identified two types of instabilities occurring in low and high frequency bands; the low-frequency instability occurs over the frequency band from zero to about the lower hybrid frequency for a sufficiently low beam density. As the beam density increases, the linear instability occurs at decreasing frequencies below the lower-hybrid frequency. The high frequency instability occurs near the electron cyclotron frequency and its harmonics.

Singh, N.↗
NASA NTRS2007

Application of Micro-ramp Flow Control Devices to an Oblique Shock Interaction

Tests are planned in the 15cm x 15cm supersonic wind tunnel at NASA Glenn to demonstrate the applicability of micro-ramp flow control to the management of shock wave boundary layer interactions. These tests will be used as a database for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) validation and Design of Experiments (DoE) design information. Micro-ramps show potential for mechanically simple and fail-safe boundary layer control.

Hirt, Stefanie↗
DOE OSTI2020

Necessary and sufficient conditions for resonant mixing of plane waves in elastic solids with quadratic nonlinearity

This paper studies the interactions of two plane waves in elastic solids with quadratic nonlinearity. In particular, the necessary and sufficient conditions for resonant mixing of two plane waves are derived. It is shown that the conventional resonance condition for resonant mixing of plane waves is only a necessary condition, not sufficient. Based on the newly derived necessary and sufficient conditions, resonant mixing of various types of plane waves are investigated and specific conditions for generating a resonant mixed wave are obtained for each case. These results are useful for developing nonlinear ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation techniques using the wave mixing method.

Gao, Xiang↗
NASA NTRS1999

Application of Novel Nonlinear Optical Materials to Optical Processing

We describe wave mixing and interactions in nonlinear photorefractive polymers and disodium flourescein. Higher diffracted orders yielding forward phase conjugation can be generated in a two-wave mixing geometry in photorefractive polymers, and this higher order can be used for image edge enhancement and correlation. Four-wave mixing and phase conjugation is studied using nonlinear disodium floureschein, and the nature and properties of gratings written in this material are investigated.

Banerjee, Partha P.↗
NASA NTRS1989

A numerical study of the interaction between unsteady free-stream disturbances and localized variations in surface geometry

A numerical study of the generation of Tollmien-Schlichting (T-S) waves due to the interaction between a small free-stream disturbance and a small localized variation of the surface geometry has been carried out using both finite-difference and spectral methods. The nonlinear steady flow is of the viscous-inviscid interactive type while the unsteady disturbed flow is assumed to be governed by the Navier-Stokes equations linearized about this flow. Numerical solutions illustrate the growth or decay of the T-S waves generated by the interaction between the free-stream disturbance and the surface distortion, depending on the value of the scaled Strouhal number. An important result of this receptivity problem is the numerical determination of the amplitude of the T-S waves.

Bodonyi, R. J.↗
NASA NTRS1981

The damping of ocean surface waves by a monomolecular film measured by wave staffs and microwave radars

Open ocean and wave tank experiments were carried out with the aim of studying the damping of capillary and gravity waves by a monomolecular film. These films of biogenic origin influence air-sea interaction processes and thereby affect the use of remote sensing techniques in oceanography. Measurement was carried out by wave staffs, by a coherent X band microwave scatterometer mounted on a sea-based platform, and by an incoherent K band microwave scatterometer carried by an aircraft under moderate wind conditions. A wave attenuation of about 40-60% is observed in the frequency range between 3.2 and 16 Hz. Tank experiments show that a direct influence of oleyl alcohol surface films on wave damping is confined to frequencies equal to or greater than 2 Hz; a further indirect effect of films on the damping of ocean waves in the frequency range between 0.12 and 0.7 Hz (by modifying the wind input and wave-wave interaction mechanisms) is also indicated

Huehnerfuss, H.↗