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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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DOE OSTI2017

XPRESS: eXascale PRogramming Environment and System Software

The XPRESS Project is one of four major projects of the DOE Office of Science Advanced Scientific Computing Research X-stack Program initiated in September, 2012. The purpose of XPRESS is to devise an innovative system software stack to enable practical and useful exascale computing around the end of the decade with near-term contributions to efficient and scalable operation of trans-Petaflops performance systems in the next two to three years; both for DOE mission-critical applications. To this end, XPRESS directly addresses critical challenges in computing of efficiency, scalability, and programmability through introspective methods of dynamic adaptive resource management and task scheduling.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2018

Final Report from The University of Texas at Austin for DEGAS: Dynamic Global Address Space programming environments

The Dynamic, Exascale Global Address Space programming environment (DEGAS) project will develop the next generation of programming models and runtime systems to meet the challenges of Exascale computing. Our approach is to provide an efficient and scalable programming model that can be adapted to application needs through the use of dynamic runtime features and domain-specific languages for computational kernels. We address the following technical challenges: Programmability: Rich set of programming constructs based on a Hierarchical Partitioned Global Address Space (HPGAS) model, demonstrated in UPC++. Scalability: Hierarchical locality control, lightweight communication (extended GASNet), and ef- ficient synchronization mechanisms (Phasers). Performance Portability: Just-in-time specialization (SEJITS) for generating hardware-specific code and scheduling libraries for domain-specific adaptive runtimes (Habanero). Energy Efficiency: Communication-optimal code generation to optimize energy efficiency by re- ducing data movement. Resilience: Containment Domains for flexible, domain-specific resilience, using state capture mechanisms and lightweight, asynchronous recovery mechanisms. Interoperability: Runtime and language interoperability with MPI and OpenMP to encourage broad adoption.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2016

First Measurement of the E Double-polarization Observable for the γη to Κ + Σ - with CLAS & a New Forward Tagger Hodoscope for CLAS12

Establishing the excitation spectrum of the nucleon would be a key advance to further our understanding of nucleon structure and Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). Recent theoretical advances allow predictions of the excitation spectrum of the nucleon and other nucleon properties directly from QCD in the nonperturbative regime, via numerical methods (such as Lattice QCD), complementing existing constituent quark models. There is an ongoing world programme in meson photoproduction from the nucleon, which has already led to a number of nucleon resonances being discovered and established. This advance has largely been made possible by the first accurate measurement of polarisation observables. Available data has been obtained for proton targets, whereas for a complete picture of meson photoproduction, data from the neutron must also be obtained. This is important, as nucleon resonances can have very different photo-couplings to the proton and neutron. This thesis presents the first measurement of the E double-polarisation observable for the exclusive γη → Κ + Σ - reaction using a polarised hydrogendeuterium target from the g14 run period at CLAS. Circularly polarised photons of energies between 1:1 and 2:3 GeV were used, with results shown in 200 MeV bins in E and bins of 0:4 in cosθ C.M. / Κ + . Further to this, CLAS has undergone a detector upgrade in order to facilitate electrons of up to 12 GeV from Jefferson Lab's upgraded accelerator. Essential to this, is a new system for tagging quasi-real photons by detecting electrons scattered at very small angles. My work includes significant contributions to the design, realisation and construction of a hodoscope for this forward photon tagging apparatus. Presented in this thesis is a comprehensive overview of my work in developing and constructing the scintillating hodoscope for the CLAS12 Forward Tagger.

Fleming, Jamie↗

DOE OSTI2017

Adaptation Actions for a Changing Arctic: Perspectives from the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Region

In May 2013, the Arctic Council requested the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) to “produce information to assist local decision-makers and stakeholders in three pilot regions in developing adaptation tools and strategies to better deal with climate change and other pertinent environmental stressors” (AMAP, 2017). Adaptation Actions for a Changing Arctic (AACA) is the response to that request: an assessment of climate and integrated social and environmental frameworks or models that can inform adaptation actions in the face of Arctic change. Three Arctic regions were chosen by AMAP for pilot assessments to be conducted simultaneously. This report is an assessment for the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort (BCB) region. It focuses on the challenges that residents have experienced and the adaptations they have implemented in response to the rapid changes of recent decades – in climate, landscape, wildlife, and social, economic, and health systems. It also looks to the future and analyzes the strengths and deficiencies in societies’ and individuals’ abilities to adapt, so that decision-makers may better understand where assistance is needed or where alternatives must be developed.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2018

System Advisor Model (SAM) General Description (Version 2017.9.5)

This document describes the capabilities of the System Advisor Model (SAM) developed and distributed by the U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The document is for potential users and others wanting to learn about the model's capabilities. SAM is a techno-economic computer model that calculates performance and financial metrics of renewable energy projects. Project developers, policy makers, equipment manufacturers, and researchers use graphs and tables of SAM results in the process of evaluating financial, technology, and incentive options for renewable energy projects. SAM simulates the performance of photovoltaic, concentrating solar power, solar water heating, wind, geothermal, biomass, and conventional power systems. The financial models are for projects that either buy and sell electricity at retail rates (residential and commercial) or sell electricity at a price determined in a power purchase agreement (PPA). SAM's simulation tools facilitate parametric and sensitivity analyses, Monte Carlo simulation and weather variability (P50/P90) studies. SAM can also read input variables from Microsoft Excel worksheets. For software developers, the SAM software development kit (SDK) makes it possible to use SAM simulation modules in their applications written in C/C plus plus, C sharp, Java, Python, MATLAB, and other languages. NREL provides both SAM and the SDK as free downloads at https://sam.nrel.gov. SAM is an open source project, so its source code is available to the public. Researchers can study the code to understand the model algorithms, and software programmers can contribute their own models and enhancements to the project. Technical support and more information about the software are available on the website.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗

DOE OSTI2018

Domain Specific Language for Exascale

The focus of this project was the development of the infrastructure supporting DSLs. The goal is that DSLs can be built easily and economically to address the requirements of future HPC software development on Exascale architectures. We proposed to use a novel integrated approach to support the lifecycle of DSL development and involve all major players including HPC programmers, domain algorithm experts, DSL designers, implementation experts. The resulting software artifacts and processes will include components supporting application migration, DSL specifications, DSL language parsing, compiler construction, refinement and transformation, performance analysis, runtime support, as well as parameterizing abstract extreme-scale machines.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2017

SRF Cavity Testing Using a FPGA Self Excited Loop

This document provides a detailed description of procedures for very-high precision calibration and testing of superconducting RF cavities using digital Low-Level RF (LLRF) electronics based on Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA). The use of a Self-Excited Loop with an innovative procedure for fast turn-on allows the measurement of the forward, reflected and transmitted power from a single port of the directional coupler in front of the cavity, thus eliminating certain measurement errors. Various procedures for measuring the quality factor as a function of cavity fields are described, including a single RF pulse technique. Errors are estimated for the measurements.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

DOE OSTI2018

BigData Express: Toward Predictable, Schedulable, and High-Performance Data Transfer [Slides]

Big data has emerged as a driving force for scientific discoveries. Large scientific instruments (e.g., colliders, and telescopes) generate exponentially increasing volumes of data. To enable scientific discovery, science data must be collected, indexed, archived, shared, and analyzed, typically in a widely distributed and highly collaborative manner. Data transfer is now an essential function for science discoveries, particularly within big data environments. To support data transfer for big data science, there is a need for predictable, high performance, scalable, end-to-end, programmable networks that enable science applications to use network resources most efficiently. Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is a novel network architecture and technological approach that separates the network control and data planes.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2018

Radiation Hard CMOS Sensors for Detector at High Energy Colliders

In this project we developed a radiation hard CMOS sensor architecture for High Energy Colliders. The key accomplishments were: 1. Developed a sensor architecture to support very high occupancy rate and hit rates 2. Developed, simulated (TCAD), and fabricated 20 different types of pixelated test structures for the quadruple well high resistivity substrate process. Measured performance of these pixel test structures; Dark currents were found to be close to physical limits; and Quantum efficiency were found to be close to ideal as well 3. Defined the scope for the PDK for the quadruple well process on high resistivity silicon Highlights of the new architecture are: Readout of pixel arrays with reconstruction efficiency >99% at hit rates of 500 MHits/cm 2 and array occupancy of 0.2%; Minimization of in-pixel signal storage requirement (data will be read out at frame rates of 1MHz); Low power dissipation through integration of fragmented projection architecture (Minimum analog power dissipation); Pixel array level data reduction (Hit location is encoded through shape of sub-block projections); Programmable resolution and frame rate (Pixels can be binned to increase frame rate); Minimum data overhead, encoded projection results for all sub-blocks are read out without location information

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

DOE OSTI2018

DOE BES: Directed Assembly of Bio-inspired Supramolecular Materials for Energy Transport and Capture: Mesoscale Construction of Functional Materials in Hydrodynamic Flows. Final Project Report

The precise engineering of mesoscale structures based on molecular building blocks holds enormous promise to catalyze the development of new functional materials for advanced energy technologies. Bio-inspired and synthetic/bio-hybrid systems can play a key role in this effort due to their inherent programmable function and high degrees of sequence control. Despite recent progress, the ability to precisely control the supramolecular assembly of bio-hybrid molecules remains a central problem in the field. Our research aims to fundamentally understand the assembly mechanism of bio-hybrid materials, specifically focusing on sequence-controlled synthetic pi-conjugated oligopeptides. Moreover, we aim to develop new methods for the directed assembly of materials based on tailored fluid flows to guide the emergent structural, optical, and electronic properties of synthetic pi-conjugated peptides. Overall, our team has made substantial progress on this project through four major Thrusts: (1) Understanding the role of kinetics on the assembly process of synthetic π-conjugated peptides. (2) Probing the role of chemistry on the structural properties of these materials. (3) Real-time in situ investigation of the sol-gel transition and assembly of π-conjugated peptides. (4) Achieving large-area macroscopic alignment and assembly of these materials. In the following report, we explain major research progress in each of these research Thrusts.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2018

Mechanical properties and microstructure characterization of unirradiated Eurofer-97 steel variants for the EUROfusion project

To understand the microstructure and mechanical property degradation of various Eurofer-97 steel variants being neutron irradiated at HFIR up to 2.5 and 20 dpa for the EUROfusion programme, it is necessary to develop a general understanding of these steels in non-irradiated form. In this context, room temperature mechanical property evaluation tests and multi-length scale microstructure characterization of the different Eurofer-97 steel variants: H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P and reference E series steels, was performed at ORNL. Mechanical tests consisted of Vickers hardness indentation measurements, uniaxial tensile tests and fracture toughness tests.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗

DOE OSTI2018

SIERRA/Aero User Manual - Version 4.50

SIERRA/Aero is a compressible fluid dynamics program intended to solve a wide variety compressible fluid flows including transonic and hypersonic problems. This document describes the commands for assembling a fluid model for analysis with this module, henceforth referred to simply as Aero for brevity. Aero is an application developed using the SIERRA Toolkit (STK). The intent of STK is to provide a set of tools for handling common tasks that programmers encounter when developing a code for numerical simulation. For example, components of STK provide field allocation and management, and parallel input/output of field and mesh data. These services also allow the development of coupled mechanics analysis software for a massively parallel computing environment. In the definitions of the commands that follow, the term Real_Max denotes the largest floating point value that can be represented on a given computer. Int_Max is the largest such integer value.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2018

SIERRA/Aero User Manual - Version 4.48

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

DOE OSTI2018

IEA Wind TCP Task 26: Offshore Wind Energy International Comparative Analysis

Task 26 'Cost of Energy' has been running within the International Energy Agency (IEA) Wind Technology Collaboration Programme since 2009. In 2015, task participants produced IEA Wind Task 26: Offshore Wind Farm Baseline Documentation (Smart et al. 2016), published in 2016 to document the technical and cost assumptions and levelized cost of energy (LCOE) results for a generic, geographically nonspecific, baseline offshore wind farm being commissioned in 2012-2014. This report has been prepared to document changes to offshore wind costs and technology since the baseline and as an analysis of the drivers of LCOE between countries. This report examines the physical site characteristics, technology choices, and regulatory context driving LCOE in key countries for offshore wind farms being commissioned in 2017-2018.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2018

Development of Optimized Controls and Hardware for Synchrotron Hard X-ray Microscopes with Advanced Spectroscopic Capabilities

The technical objectives of the program were to develop an integrated, fully automated command and data interface between the TXM-Wizard developed at SLAC and the Xradia control software that is used on the Xradia Nano-TXM x-ray microscope with the goal of allowing non-experts including industry users to routinely access the advanced imaging modes that employ collection of images with spectroscopic information. The major accomplishment associated with this goal was the development of a plan to convert the TXM-Wizard software from MatLab to Python and the hiring of an expert Python programmer under contract to perform the conversion.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗

DOE OSTI2018

Development of Optimized Controls and Hardware for Synchrotron Hard X-ray Microscopes with Advanced Spectroscopic Capabilities

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

DOE OSTI2018

Beam Breakup in a Solid-State Powered Linear Induction Accelerator

Scorpius is a new multi-pulse linear induction accelerator (LIA) for flash radiography of large-scale, explosively-driven hydrodynamic experiments. It has been proposed to use solid-state pulsed-power modules to provide the accelerating voltages for Scorpius. It is expected that this approach can provide four programmable 50-kV accelerating pulses to a single gap.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

DOE OSTI2018

Redundancy and SIL Requirements for the Safety Rated ACMI

The purpose of this analysis is to determine if the Safety Rated Accumulated Charge Monitor Interlock (ACMI) that is being designed for the Linac to Booster Transport Line requires redundant monitoring components and Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) and define the minimum Safety Integrity Level (SIL) for the ACMI system. The ACMI is required to monitor and limit the amount of total injected electron charge that can be transported from the Linac into the Booster, and consequently into the Storage Ring. The ACMI is one of the key components that assure compliance with the NSLS-II Accelerator Safety Envelope [1].

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗