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At least 1,621 records · Page 90
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DOE OSTI2024

New NOvA Results with 10 Years of Data

NOvA is a two-detector accelerator neutrino oscillation experiment. Using Fermilab's newly Megawatt-capable NuMI neutrino beam, NOvA measures the disappearance of muon (anti)neutrinos and the appearance of electron (anti)neutrinos at the far detector, 810 km from the source. These oscillations are observed relative to the unoscillated beam composition measured at the functionally equivalent near detector, also located at Fermilab, which enables significant cancellation of systematic uncertainties. From these, we obtain precision measurements of the larger neutrino mass splitting and the largest neutrino mixing angle, as well as constraints on the octant of that angle, the neutrino mass ordering, and neutrino CP violation. In this talk I will present new measurements of these parameters using 10 years of NOvA data collected between 2013 and 2023, which includes twice the neutrino-mode exposure of our previous results.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

helioLuna: Prospect for cislunar spacecraft and near-earth asteroid detection using heliostat fields at night

We experimentally and computationally investigate a proposed frequency-domain method for detecting and tracking cislunar spacecraft and near-earth asteroids using heliostat fields at night. Unlike imaging, which detects spacecraft and asteroids by their streak in sidereally-fixed long-exposure photographs, our proposed detection method oscillates the orientation of heliostats concentrating light from the stellar field and measures the light’s photocurrent power spectrum at sub-milliHertz resolution. If heliostat oscillation traces out an ellipse fixed in the galactic coordinate system, spacecraft or asteroids produce a peak in photocurrent power spectrum at a frequency slightly shifted from the starlight peak. The frequency shift is on the scale of milliHertz and proportional to apparent angular rate relative to sidereal. Relative phase corresponds to relative angular position, enabling tracking. A potential advantage of this frequency-domain method over imaging is that detectivity improves with apparent angular rate and number of heliostats. Since heliostats are inexpensive compared to an astronomical observatory and otherwise unused at night, the proposed method may cost-effectively augment observatory systems such as NASA’s Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS).

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

ICARUS at the Short-Baseline Neutrino program: first results

The ICARUS collaboration employed the 760-ton T600 detector in a successful three-year physics run at the underground LNGS laboratory, performing a sensitive search for LSND-like anomalous $\nu_e$ appearance in the CERN Neutrino to Gran Sasso beam, which contributed to the constraints on the allowed neutrino oscillation parameters to a narrow region around 1 $eV^2$. After a significant overhaul at CERN, the T600 detector has been installed at Fermilab. In 2020 the cryogenic commissioning began with detector cool down, liquid argon filling and recirculation. ICARUS then started its operation collecting the first neutrino events from the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) and the Neutrinos at the Main Injector (NuMI) beam off-axis, which were used to test the ICARUS event selection, reconstruction and analysis algorithms. ICARUS successfully completed its commissioning phase in June 2022, moving then to data taking for neutrino oscillation physics, aiming at first to either confirm or refute the claim by Neutrino-4 short-baseline reactor experiment. ICARUS will also perform measurement of neutrino cross sections in LAr with the NuMI beam and several Beyond Standard Model studies. After the first year of operations, ICARUS will search for evidence of sterile neutrinos jointly with the Short-Baseline Near Detector, within the Short-Baseline Neutrino program. In this presentation, preliminary results from the ICARUS data with the BNB and NuMI beams are presented both in terms of performance of all ICARUS subsystems and of capability to select and reconstruct neutrino events.

Artero Pons, Maria↗
DOE OSTI2024

On forced RF generation of CW magnetrons for SRF accelerators

CW magnetrons, initially developed for industrial RF heaters, were suggested to power RF cavities of superconducting accelerators due to their higher efficiency and lower cost of RF power per Watt than used traditionally klystrons, IOTs or solid-state amplifiers. RF amplifiers driven by a master oscillator serve as coherent RF sources. CW magnetrons are regenerative RF generators with a huge regenerative gain to start up reliably with self-excitation even if the tube is powered by a DC power supply. This causes regenerative instability with a large noise when a magnetron operates with the anode voltage above the threshold of self-excitation. Traditionally for stabilization of magnetrons is used injection locking by a signal PLock ≤ -20 dB or less then of the magnetron power PMag. Then the magnetron generates the injection locked oscillations and generates noise. This may preclude use of standard CW magnetrons in some SRF accelerators. We developed briefly described below a mode for forced coherent RF generation of CW magnetrons when the magnetron startup is provided by the injected forcing signal and the regenerative noise is suppressed. The mode is most suitable for powering high Q-factor SRF cavities.

Kazakevich, G.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Experimental Study of Instabilities in Hydrogen-Air Fueled Rotating Detonation Combustion Presentation

Conventional gas turbine engines rely on an idealized constant pressure combustion process that in reality produces a pressure decrease as a result of viscous and other non-reversible losses. An alternative approach is rotating detonation combustion (RDC) which is a form of pressure gain combustion in which one or more detonation waves propagate an annular channel resulting in an increase in pressure across, subsequently providing greater work availability compared to deflagration ultimately leading to opportunities for greater thermodynamic efficiency when used in gas turbine engines that conventionally relies on constant. Modern gas turbine engines often rely on pre-mixed reactants to limit NOx emissions, although this may result in greater susceptibility to instabilities such as flashback and thermoacoustic oscillation, particularly for applications that utilize hydrogen as the fuel. Research in RDC has focused on non-premixed reactants thus limiting the occurrence of flashback, and high frequency detonation wave propagation (kHz) may interfere with the occurrence of thermoacoustic oscillations. Thermal NOx emissions are controlled through rapid combustion and sudden expansion of the working fluid. Although RDC may not be susceptible to instabilities encountered in conventional state of the art gas turbine engine combustion, there may be other mechanisms occurring that support instabilities that could be detrimental to performance.

Weber, Justin↗
DOE OSTI2024

FY-24 Progress on Computational Modeling of the Water Based NSTF

This report summarizes the computational modeling of the Natural Convection Shutdown Heat Removal Test Facility (NSTF) completed in FY24. This year’s modeling campaign focuses on the continual testing of the RELAP5 model against experimental data. Several fault cases were simulated with the RELAP5 model in FY23 to study the accuracy of the model under complex flow conditions. Similarly, in FY24, a case is simulated where the chimney outlet is throttled with a valve while the flow is undergoing two-phase oscillations. The purpose of this case is to study the effects of increasing pressure drop in the two-phase region on the system behavior. Even though the model is able to capture the experimental data qualitatively, it overpredicts the pressure drops experienced by the flow in the two-phase regime. Nevertheless, the model and the experiment show that oscillations are stabilized with increased pressure drop in the two-phase region.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Neutron Detection in the DUNE liquid argon near Detector

DUNE is a next-generation long baseline neutrino experiment [1] to perform precision measurements of neutrino oscillations. The Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) of the DUNE near detector (ND-LAr) characterizes the beam before oscillations occur and is essential to constrain the systematic uncertainties of most DUNE measurements. ND-LAr will be a modular LArTPC with pixelated charge and high-coverage light readout system

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Status of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) and Year 1 Cosmology results

The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) will measure the effect of dark energy on the expansion of the universe. It will obtain optical spectra for tens of millions of galaxies and quasars, constructing a 3D map spanning the nearby universe to 11 billion light years. The DESI Survey is being conducted on the Mayall 4-meter telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory. DESI is supported by the Department of Energy Office of Science to perform this Stage IV dark energy measurement using baryon acoustic oscillations and other techniques that rely on spectroscopic measurements. I will discuss the status of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) survey and present our Year 1 Baryon Acoustic Oscillation measurements.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Accelerator Neutrinos

Neutrino beams from particle accelerators are vital for probing fundamental physics, enabling experiments like DUNE and NOvA to study neutrino oscillations and CP violation. These experiments push proton beam power to multi-MW levels and require precise beam instrumentation to manage flux and enhance precision. This talk will explore advancements in neutrino beam technology, highlighting the challenges and future prospects of high-intensity, well-collimated beams for next-generation accelerator facilities. Neutrino beams from particle accelerators are vital for probing fundamental physics, enabling experiments like DUNE and NOvA to study neutrino oscillations and CP violation. These experiments push proton beam power to multi-MW levels and require precise beam instrumentation to manage flux and enhance precision. This talk will explore advancements in neutrino beam technology, highlighting the challenges and future prospects of high-intensity, well-collimated beams for next-generation accelerator facilities.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Latest Results from the ICARUS Experiment at the Short-Baseline Neutrino Program

The ICARUS Collaboration is now entering its fifth year of continuing operations of the 760-ton liquid argon T600 detector. The T600 was overhauled at CERN after operations at the LNGS underground laboratory in Italy and moved to its present location at FNAL - as part of the Short-Baseline Neutrino (SBN) program - where it successfully completed its commissioning phase in June 2022. At FNAL ICARUS collects neutrino interactions from both the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) and off-axis from the Main Injector Neutrino beam (NuMI). To date, ICARUS has accumulated approximately 5.2\times 10^{20} protons on target (POT) with the BNB and about 6.2\times 10^{20} POT with NuMI. Within the SBN program ICARUS will search for evidence of short-baseline oscillations, potentially explained by eV-scale sterile neutrinos, jointly with the Short-Baseline Near Detector (SBND). In addition, ICARUS is performing stand-along oscillation searches in disappearance mode and measuring neutrino cross sections on argon with both the BNB and NuMI beams. It is also performing searches for additional Beyond the Standard Model signatures. Preliminary results from the ICARUS experiment, using data from the BNB and NuMI neutrino beams, will be presented.

Hausner, Harry [Fermilab]↗
DOE OSTI2025

Exploring the Nature of Neutrinos with the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE)

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a next-generation experimental program designed to study the behaviour of neutrino oscillation. DUNE will utilize a neutrino beam originating at Fermilab, near Chicago, and will leverage a detector at Fermilab (Near Detector) and a detector 1300 km away in South Dakota (Far Detector), south of Saskatchewan. In the first phase of DUNE, its Far Detector will comprise of two 10,000 ton (fiducial) liquid argon (LAr) time-projection chamber (TPC) modules – powerful tracking calorimeter detectors – placed nearly a mile underground. With this large, sensitive, underground detector, DUNE aims to collect a high statistics and pure sample of neutrinos at the Far Detector. This setup also offers the potential to study non-beam physical processes via e.g. neutrinos produced in the atmosphere, supernova neutrino bursts, and/or solar neutrinos, etc. A second phase will aim to add more detector mass and expand the program. The Near Detector will consist of a LAr TPC module as well: critical to constraining systematic uncertainties in the oscillation analysis. However, this LAr TPC will have a novel design using a pixel-based readout instead of the traditional wire-based readout. This and the segmentation of the LAr TPC into multiple units are crucial in mitigating the high multiplicity of neutrino interactions expected in any readout window given its proximity to the beam. The Near Detector will feature additional components and capability beyond the LAr TPC, allowing one to deeply characterize the neutrino flux. Due to the complexity of this experimental program, several smaller-scale prototype detectors have been operating to test, validate, and improve both the technical designs and software for processing and analyzing events. By operating in charged particle test beams or neutrino beams, several of the prototypes are also capable of producing valuable results. Canadian institutions are involved in the realization of the DUNE through efforts with both the Near and Far Detectors and prototypes. DUNE is anticipated to begin operating near the end of this decade/the beginning of the next. This talk will focus on the overall DUNE program, for example its ultimate plans, status, and the efforts with prototypes.

Howard, Bruce [York U., Canada; Fermilab]↗
DOE OSTI2025

Latest Results from the ICARUS experiment at the Short-Baseline Neutrino Program

The ICARUS Collaboration is now entering its fifth year of continuing operations of the 760-ton liquid argon T600 detector. The T600 was overhauled at CERN after operations at the LNGS underground laboratory in Italy and moved to its present location at FNAL - as part of the Short-Baseline Neutrino (SBN) program - where it successfully completed its commissioning phase in June 2022. At FNAL ICARUS collects neutrino interactions from both the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) and off-axis from the Main Injector Neutrino beam (NuMI). Within the SBN program ICARUS will search for evidence of short-baseline oscillations, potentially explained by eV-scale sterile neutrinos, jointly with the Short-Baseline Near Detector (SBND). In addition, ICARUS is performing stand-along oscillation searches in disappearance mode and measuring neutrino cross sections on argon with both the BNB and NuMI beams. It is also performing searches for additional Beyond the Standard Model signatures. Preliminary results from the ICARUS experiment, using data from the BNB and NuMI neutrino beams, will be presented.

Farnese, Christian [Fermilab]↗
DOE OSTI2025

Investigating 1- and 2- Body Interference in Neutrino Interactions with ACHILLES

Understanding neutrino oscillations can help us answer some of the universe s most fundamental questions like: Why is there more matter than antimatter? Neutrino-nucleus cross-sections (probability of neutrino interactions with nuclei) are a leading uncertainty in the measurements of neutrino oscillations. To meaningfully determine scattering parameters, measurements must be supported by robust theoretical modeling, which can be provided via event generators. In this poster, we use ACHILLES to investigate the interference term between 1-body (1p1h) and 2- body (2p2h) processes where a neutrino interacts with one or two nucleon(s).

Serumaga, Peera [UC, San Diego]↗
DOE OSTI2025

Exploiting the PRISM Feature and Purity Monitors of the SBND Neutrino Detector

The Short-Baseline Neutrino (SBN) program at Fermilab will pursue neutrino properties searches, exploiting three Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) experiments to investigate neutrino oscillations with neutrinos from the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB). SBND will be the near detector in the program, measuring the un-oscillated flux. It is anticipated to begin operating in 2023. Thanks to its peculiar proximity to the neutrino source of about 110 meters, SBND will collect extremely high statistics data of the flux in the GeV energy range, providing unprecedented precision measurements. SBND particular setting also allows to take measurements at different distances from BNB’s center maintaining statistics high enough at each range. LArTPC and the cold electronics technologies, as well as the argon-neutrino interaction studies, will play a key role in future neutrino physics. In this prospect, this work was focused on two SBND features: SBND PRISM tool, with the aim of investigating neutrino flux at different distances from the beam axis, and Purity Monitors, which provide a clever measurement of argon purity in the detector, whose value is fundamental in neutrino-argon interaction.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Analysis of the automatic reconstruction of protons from simulated neutrino interactions in the ICARUS detector: study of the performance of track vs shower discrimination algorithms

ICARUS, Imaging Cosmic and Rare Underground Signals, is the far detector of the Short Baseline Neutrino (SBN) Program at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL). This program was born with the purpose of definitely explaining some anomalies in the field of neutrino oscillation physics, that can suggest the existence of a 4-type of neutrino: the sterile neutrino. It doesn’t interact directly with ordinary matter through the weak interaction, but we can observed the effect of its oscillation. In this chapter I will briefly observe: • the physics goals of the SBN Program; • the role of ICARUS as SBN far detector; • the detection technology.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

The SAND detector for the DUNE experiment

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a next-generation project aiming to study several neutrino properties. It will feature two experimental setups: a near detector that will be installed at Fermilab, in proximity of the neutrino-production point, and a far detector at a distance of 1300 km and 1500 m underground, at the SURF laboratory. The DUNE design and configuration will allow the study of neutrino oscillation, astrophysical neutrinos, and beyond standard model physics. The near detector complex foresees three detectors to be installed. Among these, the System for on-Axis Neutrino Detection (SAND) will serve as on-axis beam monitor, reduce the systematic uncertainties for the oscillation analysis, and search for physics beyond the standard model. SAND will be composed of three sub-detectors, surrounded by a 0.6 T superconducting magnet. The outermost detector will be a lead/scintillating-fiber electromagnetic calorimeter while the inner volume will include a 1-ton liquid argon active target placed upstream followed by a target tracker system. The SAND detector and its goals will be shown in this poster.

Alemanno, Francesca [Salento U.; INFN, Lecce]↗
DOE OSTI2025

Performance of Muon Neutrino Reconstruction at ICARUS using SPINE Machine Learning.

ICARUS is a liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) neutrino experiment at Fermilab. Located ~600 m from the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) target, it serves as the far detector in the Short-Baseline Neutrino (SBN) Program. The primary objective of the SBN Program is to probe neutrino oscillation physics at short baselines using multiple detectors, including measurements of both muon neutrino disappearance and electron neutrino appearance. A key requirement for the neutrino oscillation measurements is robust event reconstruction, including accurate and precise particle identification (PID) and kinematic reconstruction across a wide range of topologies. To achieve the required performance, we employ the SPINE (“Scalable Particle Imaging with Neural Embeddings”) package, a state-of-the-art machine learning reconstruction framework. This talk presents the status of muon neutrino reconstruction using SPINE at ICARUS, including the evaluation of reconstruction performance that will enable the full physics program at ICARUS and at the SBN Program.

Totani, Dante [Colorado State U.] (ORCID:000000019↗
DOE OSTI2025

Machine Learning Neutrino-Nucleus Cross Sections

Neutrino-nucleus scattering cross sections are critical theoretical inputs for long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments. However, robust modeling of these cross sections remains challenging. For a simple but physically motivated toy model of the DUNE experiment, we demonstrate that an accurate neural-network model of the cross section -- leveraging Standard Model symmetries -- can be learned from near-detector data. We then perform a neutrino oscillation analysis with simulated far-detector events, finding that the modeled cross section achieves results consistent with what could be obtained if the true cross section were known exactly. This proof-of-principle study highlights the potential of future neutrino near-detector datasets and data-driven cross-section models.

Wagman, Michael L. [Fermilab] (ORCID:0000000176701↗