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At least 1,621 records · Page 90

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NASA NTRS1999

On the Role of Surface Friction in Tropical Intraseasonal Oscillation

The Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO), or the tropical intraseasonal oscillation, has attracted much attention, ever since its discovery in the early seventies for reasons of both scientific understanding and practical forecasts. Among the theoretical interpretations of the MJO, the wave-CISK (conditional instability of the second kind) mechanism is the most popular. The basic idea of the wave-CISK interpretation is that the cooperation between the low-level convergence associated with the eastward moving Kelvin wave and the cumulus convection generates an eastward moving Kelvin-wave-like mode. Later it was recognized that the MJO has an important Rossby-wave-like component. However linear analysis and numerical simulations based on it (even when conditional heating is used) have revealed two problems with the wave-CISK interpretation; i.e., excessive speed and the most preferred scale being zero or grid scale. Chao (1995) presented a discussion of these problems and attributed these problems to the particular type of expression for the cumulus heating used in the linear analyses and numerical studies (i.e., the convective heating is proportional to low-level convergence and a fixed vertical heating profile). It should be pointed out that in the relatively successful simulation of MJO with general circulation models the problem of grid scale being the most preferred scale does not appear and die problem of excessive speed is not as severe as in the linear analysis.

Chao, Winston C.↗

DOE OSTI2025

Nonlinear Ensemble Filtering with Diffusion Models: Application to the Surface Quasigeostrophic Dynamics

The intersection between classical data assimilation methods and novel machine learning techniques has attracted significant interest in recent years. Here, we explore another promising solution in which diffusion models are used to formulate a robust nonlinear ensemble filter for sequential data assimilation. Unlike standard machine learning methods, the proposed ensemble score filter (EnSF) is completely training free and can efficiently generate a set of analysis ensemble members. Here, in this study, we apply the EnSF to a surface quasigeostrophic model and compare its performance against the popular local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF), which makes Gaussian assumptions in the analysis step. Numerical tests demonstrate that EnSF maintains stable performance in the absence of localization and for a variety of experimental settings. We find that while LETKF maintains optimal performance in the case of linear observations of the entire state and a perfect model, EnSF shows improvements over LETKF when nonlinear observations are assimilated and the system is subject to unexpected model errors. A spectral decomposition of the analysis results in this nonlinear observation regime shows that the largest improvements over LETKF occur at large scales (small wavenumbers), where LETKF lacks sufficient ensemble spread. Overall, this initial application of EnSF to a geophysical model of intermediate complexity motivates further development of the algorithm for more realistic problems.

Artificial intelligence↗

DOE OSTI2014

Dynamical analysis of an orbiting three-rigid-body system

The development of multi-joint-spacecraft mission concepts calls for a deeper understanding of their nonlinear dynamics to inform and enhance system design. This paper presents a study of a three-finite-shape rigid-body system under the action of an ideal central gravitational field. The aim of this paper is to gain an insight into the natural dynamics of this system. The Hamiltonian dynamics is derived and used to identify relative attitude equilibria of the system with respect to the orbital reference frame. Then a numerical investigation of the behaviour far from the equilibria is provided using tools from modern dynamical systems theory such as energy methods, phase portraits and Poincarè maps. Results reveal a complex structure of the dynamics as well as the existence of connections between some of the equilibria. Stable equilibrium configurations appear to be surrounded by very narrow regions of regular and quasi-regular motions. Trajectories evolve on chaotic motions in the rest of the domain.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

DOE OSTI2018

A class of efficient difference method for time fractional reaction–diffusion equation

The fractional reaction–diffusion equation has profound physical background and theoretical connotation, and its numerical methods are of great scientific significance and practical value. In this paper, a class of explicit–implicit (E–I) difference method and implicit–explicit (I–E) difference method are proposed for one-dimensional time fractional reaction–diffusion equation. The methods are constructed by combining classical explicit scheme and classical implicit scheme. The existence, uniqueness and convergence of solutions are given for E–I and I–E schemes. Theoretical analysis and numerical experiments show that the E–I and I–E schemes are unconditionally stable, with second-order spatial accuracy and 2−α order temporal accuracy. Compared with the classical implicit difference method with the similar accuracy, the computation time of the presented methods is improved by nearly 41%. It is shown that the E–I difference method and I–E difference method are effective for solving the time fractional reaction–diffusion equation.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2018

A thought experiment to evaluate a proposed data analysis method

A statistical analysis was recently presented at a DOE review in reference to a particular problem. Here we attempt to capture the essence of this problem with a simple “toy” analog and demonstrate the incorrectness of the presented J figure of merit algorithm. We show that the incorrect usage of J gives PDFs that have erroneous long tails and significantly overestimate the rms deviations relative to those obtained by exact analytic methods. Conversely, a numerical Bayesian analysis gives the correct result.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2013

Evaluation and Parameter Analysis of Burn up Calculations for the Assessment of Radioactive Waste - 13187

Burn up calculations facilitate a determination of the composition and nuclear inventory of spent nuclear fuel, if operational history is known. In case this information is not available, the total nuclear inventory can be determined by means of destructive or, even on industrial scale, nondestructive measurement methods. For non-destructive measurements however only a few easy-to-measure, so-called key nuclides, are determined due to their characteristic gamma lines or neutron emission. From these measured activities the fuel burn up and cooling time are derived to facilitate the numerical inventory determination of spent fuel elements. Most regulatory bodies require an independent assessment of nuclear waste properties and their documentation. Prominent part of this assessment is a consistency check of inventory declaration. The waste packages often contain wastes from different types of spent fuels of different history and information about the secondary reactor parameters may not be available. In this case the so-called characteristic fuel burn up and cooling time are determined. These values are obtained from a correlations involving key-nuclides with a certain bandwidth, thus with upper and lower limits. The bandwidth is strongly dependent on secondary reactor parameter such as initial enrichment, temperature and density of the fuel and moderator, hence the reactor type, fuel element geometry and plant operation history. The purpose of our investigation is to look into the scaling and correlation limitations, to define and verify the range of validity and to scrutinize the dependencies and propagation of uncertainties that affect the waste inventory declarations and their independent verification. This is accomplished by numerical assessment and simulation of waste production using well accepted codes SCALE 6.0 and 6.1 to simulate the cooling time and burn up of a spent fuel element. The simulations are benchmarked against spent fuel from the real reactor Obrigheim in Germany for which sufficiently precise experimental reference data are available. (authors)

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗

NASA NTRS2001

Use of Remotely-Sensed Rainfall Data in Global Modeling and Data Assimilation

Precipitation observations derived from microwave sensors available from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and the proposed Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) can provide crucial information needed for improving global modeling, data assimilation, and numerical weather prediction. New methodologies are being developed at NASA to make effective use of this new data type in these applications. Currently, global analyses contain significant errors in primary hydrological fields such as precipitation and evaporation, especially in the tropics. We show that assimilating 6-h averaged TRMM rainfall retrievals improves not only the hydrological cycle but also key climate parameters such as clouds, radiation, and the upper tropospheric moisture in the analysis produced by the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) Data Assimilation System. The improved analysis also leads to improved short-range forecasts in the tropics. The above results were obtained using a variational assimilation procedure that uses rainfall observations to derive moisture and temperature tendency corrections every 6 hours to compensate for errors arising from imperfect initial conditions and deficiencies in the model physics. We will describe a developmental path towards using space-borne rainfall data to empirically estimate and correct for state-dependent systematic errors in parameterized model physics. The study provides a demonstration of the potential of using remote-sensed rainfall data from microwave instruments to improve the 4-dimensional global datasets for climate analysis and numerical weather prediction.

Hou, Arthur↗

DOE OSTI2012

Flux stabilization in neutron problems with fixed sources

Although critical core calculations are the most common in design and safety analysis, fixed source calculations are needed for specific applications, e.g. to compute ex-core detector response functions, to develop new methodologies for dilution and reload error accidents and more in general for all situations involving sub-critical shut-down states. It is well known that the source problem becomes difficult to be solved with core configuration close to criticality, i.e. with the multiplication factor approaching unity, for the occurrence of numerical ill-conditioning and very high number of iterations, possibly leading to failure in the flux convergence. In this work, the Wielandt Eigen-shift technique used in iterative methods of critical problems is developed for source problems too, in order to stabilize the solution. The mathematical basis and the proof of the convergence are discussed. Compared to the existing methods, this technique allows also more control to avoid singular behavior at inner iterations. Numerical tests with a 1D analytical benchmark are reported to prove the robustness of the technique. (authors)

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗

DOE OSTI2014

Validation of the correctness of the Hald approximation in assessing tolerance

An analysis was performed of the correctness of employing the approximate formula which is widely used when assessing tolerances in the results of regression analysis. The correctness of approximation with the frequently used ratio between the probability and significance level equal to 95/95 is demonstrated. Conditions of application of the formula under stricter requirements, for example, 99/99, are formulated.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2012

Inclusion of diamagnetic drift effect in the matching method using finite-width inner region for stability analysis of magnetohydrodynamic modes

A matching method using a finite-width inner region is extended for stability analysis of magnetohydrodynamic mode including diamagnetic drift effect. The inclusion of the diamagnetic drift effect is accomplished by a newly developed ordering scheme in the outer region. The ordering scheme enables us to derive a hierarchy of generalized Newcomb equations. Higher-order equations give us correction of outer solution due to the diamagnetic drift effect as well as inertia and resistivity. By this correction, the accuracy of the dispersion relation is improved. Several numerical results are presented to demonstrate good performance of the matching method. Dropping the diamagnetic drift effect in the outer region leads to less accurate results.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗

NASA NTRS1987

Application of turbulence modeling to predict surface heat transfer in stagnation flow region of circular cylinder

A theoretical analysis and numerical calculations for the turbulent flow field and for the effect of free-stream turbulence on the surface heat transfer rate of a stagnation flow are presented. The emphasis is on the modeling of turbulence and its augmentation of surface heat transfer rate. The flow field considered is the region near the forward stagnation point of a circular cylinder in a uniform turbulent mean flow. The free stream is steady and incompressible with a Reynolds number of the order of 10 to the 5th power and turbulence intensity of less than 5 percent. For this analysis, the flow field is divided into three regions: (1) a uniform free-stream region where the turbulence is homogeneous and isotropic; (2) an external viscid flow region where the turbulence is distorted by the variation of the mean flow velocity; and, (3) an anisotropic turbulent boundary layer region over the cylinder surface. The turbulence modeling techniques used are the kappa-epsilon two-equation model in the external flow region and the time-averaged turbulence transport equation in the boundary layer region. The turbulence double correlations, the mean velocity, and the mean temperature within the boundary layer are solved numerically from the transport equations. The surface heat transfer rate is calculated as functions of the free-stream turbulence longitudinal microlength scale, the turbulence intensity, and the Reynolds number.

Wang, Chi R.↗

DOE OSTI2023

Applications of the Dulmage–Mendelsohn decomposition for debugging nonlinear optimization problems

Nonlinear modeling and optimization is a valuable tool for aiding decisions by engineering practitioners, but programming an optimization problem based on a complex electrical, mechanical, or chemical process is a time-consuming and error-prone activity. Therefore, there is a need for model analysis and debugging tools that can detect and diagnose modeling errors. One such tool is the Dulmage–Mendelsohn decomposition, which identifies structurally under- and over-determined subsets in systems of equations and variables by partitioning the bipartite graph of the system. This work provides the necessary background to understand the Dulmage–Mendelsohn decomposition and its application to the analysis of nonlinear optimization problems, demonstrates its use in diagnosing a variety of modeling errors, and introduces software implementations for analyzing nonlinear optimization problems in the Pyomo and JuMP algebraic modeling languages.

42 ENGINEERING↗

DOE OSTI2012

Convergence analysis of a CMFD method based on generalized equivalence theory

CMFD acceleration methods have been successful in reducing the computational burden for steady-state and transient reactor calculations. However, recent work on a complex coupled code BWR ATWS event has exposed possible issues with the stability of the CMFD method when standard CMFD methods are used. During the simulation of the ATWS boron injection event in the BWR, the PARCS code failed to converge with the existing CMFD method. A new CMFD method based on generalized equivalence theory was developed and the PARCS solution converged for the same ATWS event. This paper presents the new method and a detailed analytic and numerical convergence analysis. The results show that the new CMFD converges for all possible cross sections combinations anticipated in Light Water Reactor simulation and unlike existing CMFD methods, it is very robust even when the initial guess is far from final true solution. (authors)

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗

DOE OSTI2012

Convergence analysis of a CMFD method based on generalized equivalence theory

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗

DOE OSTI2015

Direct experimental visualization of the global Hamiltonian progression of two-dimensional Lagrangian flow topologies from integrable to chaotic state

Countless theoretical/numerical studies on transport and mixing in two-dimensional (2D) unsteady flows lean on the assumption that Hamiltonian mechanisms govern the Lagrangian dynamics of passive tracers. However, experimental studies specifically investigating said mechanisms are rare. Moreover, they typically concern local behavior in specific states (usually far away from the integrable state) and generally expose this indirectly by dye visualization. Laboratory experiments explicitly addressing the global Hamiltonian progression of the Lagrangian flow topology entirely from integrable to chaotic state, i.e., the fundamental route to efficient transport by chaotic advection, appear non-existent. This motivates our study on experimental visualization of this progression by direct measurement of Poincaré sections of passive tracer particles in a representative 2D time-periodic flow. This admits (i) accurate replication of the experimental initial conditions, facilitating true one-to-one comparison of simulated and measured behavior, and (ii) direct experimental investigation of the ensuing Lagrangian dynamics. The analysis reveals a close agreement between computations and observations and thus experimentally validates the full global Hamiltonian progression at a great level of detail.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

DOE OSTI2016

The arbitrary order mixed mimetic finite difference method for the diffusion equation

Here, we propose an arbitrary-order accurate mimetic finite difference (MFD) method for the approximation of diffusion problems in mixed form on unstructured polygonal and polyhedral meshes. As usual in the mimetic numerical technology, the method satisfies local consistency and stability conditions, which determines the accuracy and the well-posedness of the resulting approximation. The method also requires the definition of a high-order discrete divergence operator that is the discrete analog of the divergence operator and is acting on the degrees of freedom. The new family of mimetic methods is proved theoretically to be convergent and optimal error estimates for flux and scalar variable are derived from the convergence analysis. A numerical experiment confirms the high-order accuracy of the method in solving diffusion problems with variable diffusion tensor. It is worth mentioning that the approximation of the scalar variable presents a superconvergence effect.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2017

Parametric Thermal and Flow Analysis of ITER Diagnostic Shield Module

As part of the diagnostic port plug assembly, the ITER Diagnostic Shield Module (DSM) is designed to provide mechanical support and the plasma shielding while allowing access to plasma diagnostics. Thermal and hydraulic analysis of the DSM was performed using a conjugate heat transfer approach, in which heat transfer was resolved in both solid and liquid parts, and simultaneously, fluid dynamics analysis was performed only in the liquid part. ITER Diagnostic First Wall (DFW) and cooling tubing were also included in the analysis. This allowed direct modeling of the interface between DSM and DFW, and also direct assessment of the coolant flow distribution between the parts of DSM and DFW to ensure DSM design meets the DFW cooling requirements. Design of the DSM included voids filled with Boron Carbide pellets, allowing weight reduction while keeping shielding capability of the DSM. These voids were modeled as a continuous solid with smeared material properties using analytical relation for thermal conductivity. Results of the analysis lead to design modifications improving heat transfer efficiency of the DSM. Furthermore, the effect of design modifications on thermal performance as well as effect of Boron Carbide will be presented.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗

DOE OSTI2012

On the existence of Weibel instability in a magnetized plasma. II. Perpendicular wave propagation: The ordinary mode

In a magnetized plasma with a temperature anisotropy T{sub ||}>T{sub Up-Tack} (where || and Up-Tack denote directions with respect to the uniform magnetic field B{sub 0}), the nonresonant Weibel instability can develop and destabilize purely growing, ordinary plasma modes (k=k{sub Up-Tack }). This paper presents a rigorous extended analysis of this instability on the basis of a new threshold b{sub 0}(k), which enables to determine the instability conditions as well as the upper limits of the growth rates. Accurate analytical forms of the threshold conditions are provided here for the first time and for the full physical range of the temperature anisotropy and the parallel plasma beta. The marginal and threshold conditions for the plasma parameters, which directly lead to an instability of the ordinary mode, are explicitly derived numerically and analytically. The new analytical tools developed here provide premises for a comprehensive investigation of the interplay of this instability with the firehose instability, as they both can develop in the same conditions.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗