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At least 1,621 records · Page 90

Three dimensional magnetic fields in extra high speed modified Lundell alternators computed by a combined vector-scalar magnetic potential finite element method

A 3D finite element (FE) approach was developed and implemented for computation of global magnetic fields in a 14.3 kVA modified Lundell alternator. The essence of the new method is the combined use of magnetic vector and scalar potential formulations in 3D FEs. This approach makes it practical, using state of the art supercomputer resources, to globally analyze magnetic fields and operating performances of rotating machines which have truly 3D magnetic flux patterns. The 3D FE-computed fields and machine inductances as well as various machine performance simulations of the 14.3 kVA machine are presented in this paper and its two companion papers.

Demerdash, N. A.↗

On the effects of grid ill-conditioning in three dimensional finite element vector potential magnetostatic field computations

The effects of finite element grid geometries and associated ill-conditioning were studied in single medium and multi-media (air-iron) three dimensional magnetostatic field computation problems. The sensitivities of these 3D field computations to finite element grid geometries were investigated. It was found that in single medium applications the unconstrained magnetic vector potential curl-curl formulation in conjunction with first order finite elements produce global results which are almost totally insensitive to grid geometries. However, it was found that in multi-media (air-iron) applications first order finite element results are sensitive to grid geometries and consequent elemental shape ill-conditioning. These sensitivities were almost totally eliminated by means of the use of second order finite elements in the field computation algorithms. Practical examples are given in this paper to demonstrate these aspects mentioned above.

Wang, R.↗

Theoretical and numerical difficulties in 3-D vector potential methods in finite element magnetostatic computations

This paper describes the results of application of three well known 3D magnetic vector potential (MVP) based finite element formulations for computation of magnetostatic fields in electrical devices. The three methods were identically applied to three practical examples, the first of which contains only one medium (free space), while the second and third examples contained a mix of free space and iron. The first of these methods is based on the unconstrained curl-curl of the MVP, while the second and third methods are predicated upon constraining the divergence of the MVP 10 zero (Coulomb's Gauge). It was found that the two latter methods cease to give useful and meaningful results when the global solution region contains a mix of media of high and low permeabilities. Furthermore, it was found that their results do not achieve the intended zero constraint on the divergence of the MVP.

Demerdash, N. A.↗

Extension of state-vector splitting to the Navier-Stokes equations

A multi-dimensional upwind scheme for solving the Euler equations has been extended to solve the Navier-Stokes equations. These methods share the property of not requiring body-fitted computational grids. A time advance scheme which is second-order accurate in time and space has been developed for use in conjunction with state-vector splitting to accurately resolve regions with significant gradients in flow quantities. The scheme has been tested on several simple viscous flow problems for which analytic solutions are known; the agreement of computation with theory is excellent.

Gooch, Carl F.↗

Numerical study of 1-D, 3-vector component, thermally-conductive MHD solar wind

In the present study, transient, 1-dimensional, 3-vector component MHD equations are used to simulate steady and unsteady, thermally conductive MHD solar wind expansions between the solar surface and 1 AU (astronomical unit). A variant of SIMPLE numerical method was used to integrate the equations. Steady state solar wind properties exhibit qualitatively similar behavior with the known Weber-Davies Solutions. Generation of Alfven shock, in addition to the slow and fast MHD shocks, was attempted by the boundary perturbations at the solar surface. Property changes through the disturbance were positively correlated with the fast and slow MHD shocks. Alfven shock was, however, not present in the present simulations.

Han, S.↗

Polarimetric signatures of a coniferous forest canopy based on vector radiative transfer theory

Complete polarization signatures of a coniferous forest canopy are studied by the iterative solution of the vector radiative transfer equations up to the second order. The forest canopy constituents (leaves, branches, stems, and trunk) are embedded in a multi-layered medium over a rough interface. The branches, stems and trunk scatterers are modeled as finite randomly oriented cylinders. The leaves are modeled as randomly oriented needles. For a plane wave exciting the canopy, the average Mueller matrix is formulated in terms of the iterative solution of the radiative transfer solution and used to determine the linearly polarized backscattering coefficients, the co-polarized and cross-polarized power returns, and the phase difference statistics. Numerical results are presented to investigate the effect of transmitting and receiving antenna configurations on the polarimetric signature of a pine forest. Comparison is made with measurements.

Karam, M. A.↗

Vector quantization for volume rendering

Volume rendering techniques typically process volumetric data in raw, uncompressed form. As algorithmic and architectural advances improve rendering speeds, however, larger data sets will be evaluated requiring consideration of data storage and transmission issues. In this paper, we analyze the data compression requirements for volume rendering applications and present a solution based on vector quantization. The proposed system compresses volumetric data and then renders images directly from the new data format. Tests on a fluid flow data set demonstrate that good image quality may be achieved at a compression ratio of 17:1 with only a 5 percent cost in additional rendering time.

Ning, Paul↗

Attitude determination using vector observations - A fast optimal matrix algorithm

The attitude matrix minimizing Wahba's loss function is computed directly by a method that is competitive with the fastest known algorithm for finding this optimal estimate. The method also provides an estimate of the attitude error covariance matrix. Analysis of the special case of two vector observations identifies those cases for which the TRIAD or algebraic method minimizes Wahba's loss function.

Markley, F. L.↗

Vector formulation for interferogram surface fitting

Interferometry is an optical testing technique that quantifies the optical path difference (OPD) between a reference wave front and a test wave front based on the interference of light. Fringes are formed when the OPD is an integral multiple of the illuminating wavelength. The resultant two-dimensional pattern is called an interferogram. The function of any interferogram analysis program is to extract this OPD and to produce a representation of the test wave front (or surface). This is accomplished through a three-step process of sampling, ordering, and fitting. We develop a generalized linear-algebra vector-notation model of the interferogram sampling and fitting process.

Fischer, David J.↗

A Vector Study of Linearized Supersonic Flow Applications to Nonplanar Problems

A vector study of the partial-differential equation of steady linearized supersonic flow is presented. General expressions which relate the velocity potential in the stream to the conditions on the disturbing surfaces, are derived. In connection with these general expressions the concept of the finite part of an integral is discussed. A discussion of problems dealing with planar bodies is given and the conditions for the solution to be unique are investigated. Problems concerning nonplanar systems are investigated, and methods are derived for the solution of some simple nonplanar bodies. The surface pressure distribution and the damping in roll are found for rolling tails consisting of four, six, and eight rectangular fins for the Mach number range where the region of interference between adjacent fins does not affect the fin tips.

Martin, John C↗

Improved Locally Adaptive Vector Quantization

Several refinements introduced to improve performance of data-compression scheme described in "Adaptive Vector-Quantization Scheme" (NPO-18186). Principal advantages of LAVQ are that complexity and coding time less than those of some other data-compression schemes. Also, does not require priori knowledge of either codebook or statistics of source data.

Cheung, Kar-Ming↗

Evaluation of dual flow thrust vector nozzles with exhaust stream impingement

To supplement previous work performed by NASA, a cold-jet facility was established at the California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo campus. The purpose of this facility is to continue the studies of cold flow multiaxis thrust vectoring conducted at the NASA Langley Research Center. A single nozzle test apparatus was completed and is presently operational. Included are the results of the single flow test envelope that was requested by NASA personnel. Details about the test apparatus are included in the Cal Poly Semi-Annual Progress report.

Carpenter, Thomas W.↗

A low-cost vector processor boosting compute-intensive image processing operations

Low-cost vector processing (VP) is within reach of everyone seriously engaged in scientific computing. The advent of affordable add-on VP-boards for standard workstations complemented by mathematical/statistical libraries is beginning to impact compute-intensive tasks such as image processing. A case in point in the restoration of distorted images from the Hubble Space Telescope. A low-cost implementation is presented of the standard Tarasko-Richardson-Lucy restoration algorithm on an Intel i860-based VP-board which is seamlessly interfaced to a commercial, interactive image processing system. First experience is reported (including some benchmarks for standalone FFT's) and some conclusions are drawn.

Adorf, Hans-Martin↗

Krylov vector methods for model reduction and control of flexible structures

Krylov vectors and the concept of parameter matching are combined here to develop model-reduction algorithms for structural dynamics systems. The method is derived for a structural dynamics system described by a second-order matrix differential equation. The reduced models are shown to have a promising application in the control of flexible structures. It can eliminate control and observation spillovers while requiring only the dynamic spillover terms to be considered. A model-order reduction example and a flexible structure control example are provided to show the efficacy of the method.

Su, Tzu-Jeng↗

Vector quantization for efficient coding of upper subbands

This paper examines the application of vector quantization (VQ) to exploit both intra-band and inter-band redundancy in subband coding. The focus here is on the exploitation of inter-band dependency. It is shown that VQ is particularly suitable and effective for coding the upper subbands. Three subband decomposition-based VQ coding schemes are proposed here to exploit the inter-band dependency by making full use of the extra flexibility of VQ approach over scalar quantization. A quadtree-based variable rate VQ (VRVQ) scheme which takes full advantage of the intra-band and inter-band redundancy is first proposed. Then, a more easily implementable alternative based on an efficient block-based edge estimation technique is employed to overcome the implementational barriers of the first scheme. Finally, a predictive VQ scheme formulated in the context of finite state VQ is proposed to further exploit the dependency among different subbands. A VRVQ scheme proposed elsewhere is extended to provide an efficient bit allocation procedure. Simulation results show that these three hybrid techniques have advantages, in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and complexity, over other existing subband-VQ approaches.

Zeng, W. J.↗

Flight test results of the F-16 aircraft modified with the axisymmetric vectoring exhaust nozzle

The results of the envelope expansion phase of the F-16 Multi-Axis Thrust Vectoring (MATV) program are presented in viewgraph format. The objectives and test approach are presented followed by results of testing with the initial control law configuration. The revised flight control laws are discussed followed by test results with the revised control laws. Additional testing added to the program, nose chines, parameter identification maneuvers, and the extended range angle of attack cones are briefly discussed.

Anna, Paul D.↗

Some considerations on velocity vector accuracy in dust trajectory analysis

The relative contributions of comets and asteroids to the reservoir of dust in the interplanetary medium is not known. There are direct observations of dust released from comets and there is evidence to associate the IRAS dust bands with possible collisions of asteroids in the main belt. A means towards sorting out the parent sources has been proposed in the establishment of a dust collector in orbit about the Earth. The purpose of such a facility would be to collect not only cosmic dust particles intact but also the state vectors, as they arrive at the detector, the idea being that one may combine analytical laboratory analysis of the physics and chemistry of the captured particles with orbital data in order to help distinguish between bodies and identify parent bodies. The theoretical study of dust particle orbits in the solar system takes on greatly more importance if we use collected trajectory data. The orbital motion of dust when radiation and forces alone are acting is well understood. When gravitational forces due to the planets are included, the motion can become quite complex. In order to characterize the orbits of particles as they crossed the Earth's orbits, a study of the long-time dust orbital evolution was undertaken. We have considered various parameters associated with these dust orbits to see if one may in a general way discriminate between particles evolved from comets and asteroids. We proceed in this study as we have done previously. That is, we considered the dust particles as ideal black bodies, of density 1 gm/cc, spherical, with radii 10-100 microns. Particles of this size are affected by radiation forces, photon pressure, and Poynting-Robertson drag. Account was also taken of solar wind drag, which amounts to about 30 percent of the Poynting-Robertson drag negligible. The gravitational forces due to the planets are included, unlike in our previous study; the planetary orbits are those of true n-body interaction so that the possibility of secular resonance is included. Our method was to calculate explicitly by a numerical procedure the orbits of dust particles after they left their parent bodies. The motion is determined numerically with the implicit Runge-Kutta integrator using Gauss-Radau spacings.

Jackson, A. A.↗

On pseudosupersymmetric oscillators and reality of relativistic energies for vector mesons

Specific oscillators - hereafter called pseudosupersymmetric oscillators - appear as interesting nonrelativistic concepts in connection with the study of relativistic vector mesons interacting with an external constant magnetic field when the real character of the energy eigenvalues is required as expected. A new pseudosupersymmetric quantum mechanics can then be developed and the corresponding pseudosupersymmetries can be pointed out.

Beckers, Jules↗