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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,621 records · Page 90
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Forward Physics Facility

High-energy collisions at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider will produce a large number of particles along the beam collision axis, outside of the acceptance of existing LHC experiments. The proposed Forward Physics Facility (FPF), to be located 617--682 meters from the ATLAS interaction point along the beam collision axis and shielded by concrete and rock, will host a suite of experiments to probe Standard Model processes and search for physics beyond the Standard Model. The FPF is supported by a rapidly growing user community of 400 physicists, and four pathfinder detectors that are currently operating at the LHC have already yielded promising results, including the first direct detection of collider neutrinos. Here we provide an Executive Summary, and then briefly summarize the status of the FPF, including its rich science case, the facility itself, the proposed FPF experiments and their technical readiness, the preliminary schedule and budget profile, and plans for international participation. Submitted to the DOE/NSF HEPAP Particle Physics Projects Prioritization Panel~(P5)

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Uncertainties propagation in the framework of a Rod Ejection Accident modeling based on a multi-physics approach

The control of uncertainties in the field of reactor physics and their propagation in best-estimate modeling are a major issue in safety analysis. In this framework, the CEA develops a methodology to perform multi-physics simulations including uncertainties analysis. The present paper aims to present and apply this methodology for the analysis of an accidental situation such as REA (Rod Ejection Accident). This accident is characterized by a strong interaction between the different areas of the reactor physics (neutronic, fuel thermal and thermal hydraulic). The modeling is performed with CRONOS2 code. The uncertainties analysis has been conducted with the URANIE platform developed by the CEA: For each identified response from the modeling (output) and considering a set of key parameters with their uncertainties (input), a surrogate model in the form of a neural network has been produced. The set of neural networks is then used to carry out a sensitivity analysis which consists on a global variance analysis with the determination of the Sobol indices for all responses. The sensitivity indices are obtained for the input parameters by an approach based on the use of polynomial chaos. The present exercise helped to develop a methodological flow scheme, to consolidate the use of URANIE tool in the framework of parallel calculations. Finally, the use of polynomial chaos allowed computing high order sensitivity indices and thus highlighting and classifying the influence of identified uncertainties on each response of the analysis (single and interaction effects). (authors)

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Quantum Sensors for High Energy Physics

Strong motivation for investing in quantum sensing arises from the need to investigate phenomena that are very weakly coupled to the matter and fields well described by the Standard Model. These can be related to the problems of dark matter, dark sectors not necessarily related to dark matter (for example sterile neutrinos), dark energy and gravity, fundamental constants, and problems with the Standard Model itself including the Strong CP problem in QCD. Resulting experimental needs typically involve the measurement of very low energy impulses or low power periodic signals that are normally buried under large backgrounds. This report documents the findings of the 2023 Quantum Sensors for High Energy Physics workshop which identified enabling quantum information science technologies that could be utilized in future particle physics experiments, targeting high energy physics science goals.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Startup Physics Testing of Advanced Reactors

This report documents the startup physics testing from initial fuel loading through ascension to full power for past advanced reactor startup physics testing programs. The review includes an assessment of what nuclear physics data was measured, why this data was measured, how was the measurement made, and the agreement with predictive reactor performance calculations of that time. The purpose of this review is to establish historical precedence for test inclusion for future advanced reactors planned for demonstration at the National Reactor Innovation Center (NRIC). The historical review includes reactor designs considered to be significantly different from current light-water reactor designs, or use simplified, inherent, passive, or other innovative means to accomplish their safety functions.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Preparatory Verification of a New Monte Carlo Code cosRMC based on VERA Core Physics Benchmark

To promote nuclear power plant system design and simulation software self-reliance development, DOE of China approved a R and D key project to develop an integrated engine for pressurized water reactor core and system design and analysis, referred as COSINE hereafter. The scope of this code package includes reactor physics, thermal hydraulics, safety analysis, severe accidents, probability safety assessment and etc. Many universities, research institutes and nuclear related corporations in China are involved in the code development, among which the State Nuclear Power Software Development Center (SNPSDC) plays the leading role. With the requirement of accurate three-dimensional modeling of the advanced, special or new complex core in reactor neutronics and shielding analysis, Monte Carlo method is becoming a more powerful tool for reactor analysis. Thus, a new Monte Carlo transport code named cosRMC (abbreviation for COSINE Reactor Monte Carlo) has been developed jointly by SNPSDC and Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, the main developer of RMC code. The cosRMC now has many functions as criticality calculation, fixed-source calculation, burnup calculation, and etc. Some techniques for geometry treatment, new burnup algorithm, source convergence acceleration, massive tally and parallel calculation have been implemented in cosRMC to improve the efficiency. In order to ensure its reliability, several types of V and V work have been and are being carried out for cosRMC. In this paper, some preparatory verification results based on VERA Core Physics Benchmark are presented. (authors)

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Growth of the international criticality safety and reactor physics Benchmark experiment evaluation projects since ICNC 2011 - 14102

Since the International Conference on Nuclear Criticality Safety (ICNC) 2011, the International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) and the International Reactor Physics Experiment Evaluation Project (IRPhEP) have continued to expand their efforts. Twenty countries have continued to participate in the ICSBEP since 2011; participating countries in the IRPhEP have grown from 16 in 2011 to 20 in 2015. Since ICNC 2011, the contents of the International Handbook of Evaluated Criticality Safety Benchmark Experiments have increased from 533 evaluations (approximately 58,000 pages), containing benchmark specifications for 4,552 critical or subcritical configurations to 561 evaluations (approximately 67,000 pages), containing benchmark specifications for 4,839 critical or subcritical configurations in the 2014 Edition of the ICSBEP Handbook. While the current number of criticality-alarm-placement/shielding benchmark configurations has remained at 24, the number of fundamental physics measurements relevant to criticality safety applications has increased from 200 to 207. Since ICNC 2011, the contents of the International Handbook of Evaluated Reactor Physics Benchmark Experiments have increased from 53 experimental series that were performed at 31 different reactor facilities to 143 experimental series that were performed at 50 different reactor facilities in the 2015 Edition of the IRPhEP Handbook. The status of the ICSBEP and the IRPhEP is discussed and benchmarks that have been more recently added to the handbooks are highlighted. (authors)

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Physics-Informed Recurrent Neural Networks to Predict Reactor Operations of the AGN-201 Nuclear Reactor

4 page paper submitted to ANS Student conference. Summary of paper similar to the following abstract: The ability to predict how a reactor will operate, understand when anomalous conditions arise, and ensure a reactor is being operated as expected is crucial for deploying new nuclear facilities. Digital twins serve as a unique solution to recognizing reactor behavior; however, they require data to be useful. For next-generation reactors, this data may not currently be available. To explore how synthetic physics-informed reactor data can be used to predict reactor operations, a recurrent neural network was implemented for the Idaho State University AGN-201 digital twin. The goal of this work is to determine how synthetic data can be used to train a recurrent neural network model for predicting the reactor power of the AGN-201. The recurrent neural network was validated using both synthetic and real operational data. We envision this approach will help bridge the gap between the virtual and physical sides of a digital twin, where reactor physics models based on as-built data can be corrected for actual operating parameters to ensure the virtual model mirrors reality.

98 NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT, SAFEGUARDS, AND PHYSICAL P↗
DOE OSTI2025

Tale of Two Domains: Cyber - Physical

As devices and systems continue to modernize and adopt integrated circuits, the use of cyber technology to deploy an application is the expectation. This deployment through cyber assets brings new cyber risk and cybersecurity is the practice of managing this risk. Cyber-risk is constantly changing due to the speed of technology advancement and the changing quality of the adversary. Cyber-Informed Engineering (CIE) mitigates cyber-risk through engineering controls where as the traditional practice of cybersecurity mitigates cyber-risk through cybersecurity controls. By clearly defining the cyber-physical boundary, engineering controls and cybersecurity controls can clearly demonstrate their complementary nature to provide layered defenses and successfully mitigate cyber-risk through independent controls. In this paper, a layered model of device decomposition of the the cyber-physical boundary is presented to provide clarity where engineering controls are used to reduce cyber-risk within the physics, functional materials, electronic, or integrated circuit layers and where cybersecurity controls are used to reduce cyber-risk within the machine code and application layers. By implementing both traditional cybersecurity controls and engineering controls, a more holistic approach to cybersecurity is achieved in protecting modern devices and systems, as well as a clear awareness in identifying, documenting, and authorizing the system’s cybersecurity protection scheme is achieved.

42 - ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2026

Search for nonresonant new physics signals in high-mass dilepton events produced in association with b-tagged jets in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV

A search for nonresonant new physics phenomena in high-mass dilepton events produced in association with b-tagged jets is performed using proton-proton collision data collected in 2016–2018 by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC, at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb −1 . The analysis considers two effective field theory models with dimension-six operators; involving four-fermion contact interactions between two leptons (ℓℓ, electrons or muons) and b or s quarks (bbℓℓ and bsℓℓ). Two lepton flavor combinations (ee and μμ) are required and events are classified as having 0, 1, or ≥2 b-tagged jets in the final state. No significant excess is observed over the standard model backgrounds. Upper limits are set on the production cross section of the new physics signals. These translate into lower limits on the energy scale Λ of 6.9 to 9.0 TeV in the bbℓℓ model, depending on model parameters, and on the ratio of energy scale and effective coupling, Λ/g*, of 2.0 to 2.6 TeV in the bsℓℓ model. Lepton flavor universality is also tested by comparing the dielectron (ee) and dimuon (μμ) mass spectra for different b-tagged jet multiplicities. No significant deviation from the standard model expectation of unity is observed.

Beyond Standard Model↗
DOE OSTI2011

Nuclear Physics from Lattice QCD

We review recent progress toward establishing lattice Quantum Chromodynamics as a predictive calculational framework for nuclear physics. A survey of the current techniques that are used to extract low-energy hadronic scattering amplitudes and interactions is followed by a review of recent two-body and few-body calculations by the NPLQCD collaboration and others. An outline of the nuclear physics that is expected to be accomplished with Lattice QCD in the next decade, along with estimates of the required computational resources, is presented.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2010

Brief introduction to viscosity in hadron physics

We introduce the concept of viscosity (both shear and bulk) in the context of hadron physics and in particular the meson gas, highlighting the current theoretical efforts to connect possible measurements of the viscosities to underlying physics such as a phase transition or the trace anomaly.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Nuclear Physics from QCD: The Anticipated Impact of Exa-Scale Computing

I discuss highlights in the progress that is being made toward calculating processes of importance in nuclear physics from QCD using high performance computing. As exa-scale computing resources are expected to become available around 2017, I present current estimates of the computational resources required to accomplish central goals of nuclear physics.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Physics-constrained, low-dimensional models for magnetohydrodynamics: First-principles and data-driven approaches

Plasmas are highly nonlinear and multiscale, motivating a hierarchy of models to understand and describe their behavior. However, there is a scarcity of plasma models of lower fidelity than magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), although these reduced models hold promise for understanding key physical mechanisms, efficient computation, and real-time optimization and control. Galerkin models, obtained by projection of the MHD equations onto a truncated modal basis, and data-driven models, obtained by modern machine learning and system identification, can furnish this gap in the lower levels of the model hierarchy. This work develops a reduced-order modeling framework for compressible plasmas, leveraging decades of progress in projection-based and data-driven modeling of fluids. We begin by formalizing projection-based model reduction for nonlinear MHD systems. To avoid separate modal decompositions for the magnetic, velocity, and pressure fields, we introduce an energy inner product to synthesize all of the fields into a dimensionally consistent, reduced-order basis. Next, we obtain an analytic model by Galerkin projection of the Hall-MHD equations onto these modes. We illustrate how global conservation laws constrain the model parameters, revealing symmetries that can be enforced in data-driven models, directly connecting these models to the underlying physics. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach on data from high-fidelity numerical simulations of a three-dimensional spheromak experiment. Finally, this manuscript builds a bridge to the extensive Galerkin literature in fluid mechanics and facilitates future principled development of projection-based and data-driven models for plasmas.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Quantum Simulation for High-Energy Physics

It is for the first time that quantum simulation for high-energy physics (HEP) is studied in the U.S. decadal particle-physics community planning, and in fact until recently, this was not considered a mainstream topic in the community. This fact speaks of a remarkable rate of growth of this subfield over the past few years, stimulated by the impressive advancements in quantum information sciences (QIS) and associated technologies over the past decade, and the significant investment in this area by the government and private sectors in the U.S. and other countries. High-energy physicists have quickly identified problems of importance to our understanding of nature at the most fundamental level, from tiniest distances to cosmological extents, that are intractable with classical computers but may benefit from quantum advantage. They have initiated, and continue to carry out, a vigorous program in theory, algorithm, and hardware co-design for simulations of relevance to the HEP mission. This Roadmap is an attempt to bring this exciting and yet challenging area of research to the spotlight, and to elaborate on what the promises, requirements, challenges, and potential solutions are over the next decade and beyond.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2013

Project of a Super Charm-Tau factory at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics in Novosibirsk

A project of a Super Charm-Tau factory is being developed at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences) in Novosibirsk. The electron-positron collider to be employed will operate at c.m. energies in the range between 2 and 5 GeV at an unprecedentedly high luminosity of 10{sup 35} cm{sup -2} s{sup -1} with a longitudinal electron polarization at the beam-interaction point. The main objective of experiments at the Super Charm-Tau factory is to study processes involving the production and properties of charmed quarks and tau leptons. A high luminosity of this setup will make it possible to obtain a statistical data sample that will be three to four orders of magnitude vaster than that from any other experiment performed thus far. Experiments at this setup are assumed to be sensitive to effects of new physics beyond the Standard Model. Investigations to be carried out at the Super-Charm-Tau factory will supplement future experiments at Super-B factories under construction in Italy and in Japan.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2016

NRV web knowledge base on low-energy nuclear physics

Principles underlying the organization and operation of the NRV web knowledge base on low-energy nuclear physics (http://nrv.jinr.ru) are described. This base includes a vast body of digitized experimental data on the properties of nuclei and on cross sections for nuclear reactions that is combined with a wide set of interconnected computer programs for simulating complex nuclear dynamics, which work directly in the browser of a remote user. Also, the current situation in the realms of application of network information technologies in nuclear physics is surveyed. The potential of the NRV knowledge base is illustrated in detail by applying it to the example of an analysis of the fusion of nuclei that is followed by the decay of the excited compound nucleus formed.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Nuclear physics-based technologies in medicine

The article briefly outlines the key moments in the development of nuclear physics-based technologies since the discovery of “athode rays.” An emphasis is made on a description of the basic discoveries that contributed greatly to the development of nuclear physics-based technologies. The author also gives an analysis of the present situation concerning the application of nuclear facilities to medicine.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗