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At least 1,621 records · Page 90

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NASA NTRS2016

Characterization of the JWST Pathfinder Mirror Dynamics Using the Center of Curvature Optical Assembly (CoCOA)

The JWST (James Webb Space Telescope) Optical Telescope Element (OTE) consists of a 6.6 meter clear aperture, 18-segment primary mirror, all-reflective, three-mirror anastigmat operating at cryogenic temperatures. To verify performance of the primary mirror, a full aperture center of curvature optical null test is performed under cryogenic conditions in Chamber A at NASA Johnson Space Center using an instantaneous phase measuring interferometer. After phasing the mirrors during the JWST Pathfinder testing, the interferometer is utilized to characterize the mirror relative piston and tilt dynamics under different facility configurations. The correlation between the motions seen on detectors at the focal plane and the interferometer validates the use of the interferometer for dynamic investigations. The success of planned test hardware improvements will be characterized by the multi-wavelength interferometer (MWIF) at the Center of Curvature Optical Assembly (CoCOA).

Wells, Conrad↗

NASA NTRS2016

Characterization of the JWST Pathfinder Mirror Dynamics Using the Center of Curvature Optical Assembly (CoCOA)

Wells, C.↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Trajectory Optimization for the Virtual Telescope for X-Ray Observations

The Virtual Telescope for X-Ray Observations (VTXO) is a long focal length telescope which promises to provide orders of magnitude improvement in angular resolution in the X-ray band. VTXO will include a Phased Fresnel Lens (PFL), which provides nearly diffraction-limited imaging, with a 1 km focal length. The PFL is carried by the Optics Spacecraft, which flies in a formation with the Detector Spacecraft, approximating a rigid telescope body. In order to maintain the formation requirements, while pointing the telescope axis at the desired astronomical targets, one spacecraft will be traveling on a non-natural trajectory, requiring the vehicle to maneuver regularly to maintain the telescope pointing. If care is not taken in the trajectory design, these paths result in large propellant consumption. However, there is an opportunity to optimize trajectories when re-arranging the formation between different astronomical targets. This paper presents an optimization scheme for re-pointing the telescope, utilizing a non-traditional path-based cost function to solve the propellant optimal trajectory. The resulting trajectories show a factor of four improvement in propellant consumption compared to the baseline. The optimization techniques developed for VTXO are applicable to orbits ranging from low-Earth orbit, to highly eccentric Earth orbits, and Lagrange point orbits.

Kyle Rankin↗

DOE OSTI2011

Measurements of the CKM angle gamma at BaBar

We report on our recent measurements of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa CP-violating phase {gamma} and of related CP-asymmetries and branching fraction ratios. The measurements have been performed on samples of up to 465 million B{bar B} pairs collected by the BABAR detector at the SLAC PEP-II asymmetric-energy B factory in the years 1999-2007.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

DOE OSTI2011

2011 Laser Diagnostics in Combustion Gordon Research Conference, (August 14-19, 2011, Waterville Valley Resort, Waterville Valley, NH)

The vast majority of the world's energy needs are met by combustion of fossil fuels. Optimum utilization of limited resources and control of emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases demand sustained improvement of combustion technology. This task can be satisfied only by detailed knowledge of the underlying physical and chemical processes. Non-intrusive laser diagnostics continuously contribute to our growing understanding of these complex and coupled multi-scale processes. The GRC on Laser Diagnostics in Combustion focuses on the most recent scientific advances and brings together scientists and engineers working at the leading edge of combustion research. Major tasks of the community are developing and applying methods for precise and accurate measurements of fluid motion and temperatures; chemical compositions; multi-phase phenomena appearing near walls, in spray and sooting combustion; improving sensitivities, precision, spatial resolution and tracking transients in their spatio-temporal development. The properties and behaviour of novel laser sources, detectors, optical systems that lead to new diagnostic capabilities are also part of the conference program.

42 ENGINEERING↗

DOE OSTI2020

Wavefront detector

A wavefront sensor system suitable for integration into an integrated circuit light detector may provide for wave angle sensors having varying functional relationships between the wave angle and signal to provide improved dynamic range. These wave angle sensors may be combined with integrated circuit phase angle sensors for a more complete analysis of the waveform.

42 ENGINEERING↗

DOE OSTI2021

Wavefront detector

Yu, Zongfu↗

DOE OSTI2012

ALTERNATIVES TO HELIUM-3 FOR NEUTRON MULTIPLICITY DETECTORS

Collaboration between the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) is underway to evaluate neutron detection technologies that might replace the high-pressure helium (3He) tubes currently used in neutron multiplicity counter for safeguards applications. The current stockpile of 3He is diminishing and alternatives are needed for a variety of neutron detection applications including multiplicity counters. The first phase of this investigation uses a series of Monte Carlo calculations to simulate the performance of an existing neutron multiplicity counter configuration by replacing the 3He tubes in a model for that counter with candidate alternative technologies. These alternative technologies are initially placed in approximately the same configuration as the 3He tubes to establish a reference level of performance against the 3He-based system. After these reference-level results are established, the configurations of the alternative models will be further modified for performance optimization. The 3He model for these simulations is the one used by LANL to develop and benchmark the Epithermal Neutron Multiplicity Counter (ENMC) detector, as documented by H.O. Menlove, et al. in the 2004 LANL report LA-14088. The alternative technologies being evaluated are the boron-tri-fluoride-filled proportional tubes, boron-lined tubes, and lithium coated materials previously tested as possible replacements in portal monitor screening applications, as documented by R.T. Kouzes, et al. in the 2010 PNNL report PNNL-72544 and NIM A 623 (2010) 1035–1045. The models and methods used for these comparative calculations will be described and preliminary results shown

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗

DOE OSTI2022

First Measurement of Differential Charged Current Quasielastic-like $\nu_\mu$–Argon Scattering Cross Sections In Kinematic Imbalance Variables With The MicroBooNE Detector

We report the first measurement of flux-integrated multi-differential cross sections for charged-current events with muon neutrinos scattering on argon with solely a muon and a single proton in the final state as a function of kinematic imbalance variables. The measurement was carried out using the Booster Neutrino Beam at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory within the MicroBooNE Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber detector with an exposure of 6.79 × 10 20 protons on target. Events were selected to enhance the contribution of charged-current mesonless interactions with one proton detected in the final state. The data discussed here are reported in terms of multidifferential cross sections in kinematic imbalance variables, which are generally sensitive to nuclear effects. The double-differential results in these variables can provide an excellent handle to disentagle specific nuclear aspects not easily isolated via single differential cross sections. Our results pave a path towards identifying regions of the phase-space where future interaction modeling development and Monte Carlo neutrino generator tuning efforts should concentrate. EVENT SELECTION Neutrino oscillation measurements aim to extract neutrino mixing angles, mass differences, the value of the chargeparity violating phase in the lepton sector, and to search for new physics beyond the Standard Model [1, 2]. For that to be achieved, an unprecedented understanding of neutrino-argon interactions is of utmost importance since a growing number of neutrino oscillation experiments employ Liquid Argon Time Projector Chamber (LArTPC) neutrino detectors [3–6]. The accuracy to which these experiments can extract neutrino oscillation parameters requires a good understanding of the neutrino energy. Experimentally, this energy is deduced from the measured kinetic energies of particles that are emitted following the neutrino interaction in the detector. The kinematic properties of such finalstate particles reflect complex dynamics due to nuclear and initial-state effects of the interaction [7]. However, certain categories of nuclear effects can be isolated by variables built specifically to characterize the degeneracy between such effects [8–10]. This note reports cross sections in kinematic variables sensitive to nuclear effects using events with one detected muon with momentum 0.1 < pµ < 1.2 GeV/c, and exactly one proton with 0.3 < pp < 1 GeV/c. This signal definition includes events with any number of protons below 300 MeV/c, neutrons at any momenta, and charged pions with momentum lower than 70 MeV/c. This choice is guided by the fact that their experimental signature of correlated muon-proton pairs is fairly straightforward to reconstruct [11–22]. Such events primarily originate from chargedcurrent (CC) neutrino-nucleon quasielastic (QE) scattering interactions where the neutrino removes a single intact nucleon from the nucleus without producing any additional particles. This definition can also include contributions from interactions that lead to the production of additional particles that are absent from the final state due to nuclear effects, such as pion absorption, or have momenta that are below the experimental detection threshold.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2013

A concept for a magnetic field detector underpinned by the nonlinear dynamics of coupled multiferroic devices

Multiferroic (MF) composites, in which magnetic and ferroelectric orders coexist, represent a very attractive class of materials with promising applications in areas, such as spintronics, memories, and sensors. One of the most important multiferroics is the perovskite phase of bismuth ferrite, which exhibits weak magnetoelectric properties at room temperature; its properties can be enhanced by doping with other elements such as dysprosium. A recent paper has demonstrated that a thin film of Bi{sub 0.7}Dy{sub 0.3}FeO{sub 3} shows good magnetoelectric coupling. In separate work it has been shown that a carefully crafted ring connection of N (N odd and N ≥ 3) ferroelectric capacitors yields, past a critical point, nonlinear oscillations that can be exploited for electric (E) field sensing. These two results represent the starting point of our work. In this paper the (electrical) hysteresis, experimentally measured in the MF material Bi{sub 0.7}Dy{sub 0.3}FeO{sub 3}, is characterized with the applied magnetic field (B) taken as a control parameter. This yields a “blueprint” for a magnetic (B) field sensor: a ring-oscillator coupling of N = 3 Sawyer-Tower circuits each underpinned by a mutliferroic element. In this configuration, the changes induced in the ferroelectric behavior by the external or “target” B-field are quantified, thus providing a pathway for very low power and high sensitivity B-field sensing.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2013

A method for direct, semi-quantitative analysis of gas phase samples using gas chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry

A new and complete GC–ICP-MS method is described for direct analysis of trace metals in a gas phase process stream. The proposed method is derived from standard analytical procedures developed for ICP-MS, which are regularly exercised in standard ICP-MS laboratories. In order to implement the method, a series of empirical factors were generated to calibrate detector response with respect to a known concentration of an internal standard analyte. Calibrated responses are ultimately used to determine the concentration of metal analytes in a gas stream using a semi-quantitative algorithm. The method was verified using a traditional gas injection from a GC sampling valve and a standard gas mixture containing either a 1 ppm Xe + Kr mix with helium balance or 100 ppm Xe with helium balance. Data collected for Xe and Kr gas analytes revealed that agreement of 6–20% with the actual concentration can be expected for various experimental conditions. To demonstrate the method using a relevant “unknown” gas mixture, experiments were performed for continuous 4 and 7 hour periods using a Hg-containing sample gas that was co-introduced into the GC sample loop with the xenon gas standard. System performance and detector response to the dilute concentration of the internal standard were pre-determined, which allowed semi-quantitative evaluation of the analyte. The calculated analyte concentrations varied during the course of the 4 hour experiment, particularly during the first hour of the analysis where the actual Hg concentration was under predicted by up to 72%. Calculated concentration improved to within 30–60% for data collected after the first hour of the experiment. Similar results were seen during the 7 hour test with the deviation from the actual concentration being 11–81% during the first hour and then decreasing for the remaining period. The method detection limit (MDL) was determined for the mercury by injecting the sample gas into the system following a period of equilibration. The MDL for Hg was calculated as 6.8 μg · m -3 . This work describes the first complete GC–ICP-MS method to directly analyze gas phase samples, and detailed sample calculations and comparisons to conventional ICP-MS methods are provided.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

DOE OSTI2021

Amplitude analysis and branching-fraction measurement of ${D}_s^{+}\to {K}_S^0{\pi}^{+}{\pi}^0$

By using 6.32 fb -1 of data collected with the BESIII detector at center-of-mass energies between 4.178 and 4.226 GeV, we perform an amplitude analysis of the decay $D^+_s$→$K^0_Sπ^+π^0$ and determine the relative fractions and phase differences of different intermediate processes, which include $K^0_Sρ$(770) + ,$K^0_Sρ$(1450) + , $K^*$(892)$^0π^+$, $K^*$(892)$^+π^0$, and $K^*$(1410)$^0π^+$. With the detection efficiency based on the amplitude analysis results, the absolute branching fraction is measured to be $\mathcal{B}$($D^+_s$→$K^0_Sπ^+π^0$)=(5.43±0.30 stat ±0.15 syst )×10 -3 .

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2012

Structural and pyroelectric properties of sol-gel derived multiferroic BFO thin films

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We fabricated multiferroic BFO/PZT multilayer films by spin-coating method. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The trap centers of carriers were formed at the interfaces between BFO and PZT films. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The ferroelectric properties were superior to those of single composition BFO film. -- Abstract: Multiferroic BFO/PZT multilayer films were fabricated by spin-coating method on the (1 1 1)Pt/Ti/SiO{sub 2}/Si substrate alternately using PZT(30/70), PZT(70/30) and BFO alkoxide solutions. The structural and ferroelectric properties were investigated for uncooled infrared detector applications. The coating and heating procedure was repeated six times to form BFO/PZT multilayer films. All films showed the typical XRD patterns of the perovskite polycrystalline structure without presence of the second phase such as Bi{sub 2}Fe{sub 4}O{sub 3}. The thickness of BFO/PZT multilayer film was about 200-220 nm. The ferroelectric properties such as dielectric constant, remnant polarization and pyroelectric coefficient were superior to those of single composition BFO film, and those values for BFO/PZT(70/30) multilayer film were 288, 15.7 {mu}C/cm{sup 2} and 9.1 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -9} C/cm{sup 2} K at room temperature, respectively. Leakage current density of the BFO/PZT(30/70) multilayer film was 3.3 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -9} A/cm{sup 2} at 150 kV/cm. The figures of merit, F{sub V} for the voltage responsivity and F{sub D} for the specific detectivity, of the BFO/PZT(70/30) multilayer film were 6.17 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -11} Ccm/J and 6.45 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -9} Ccm/J, respectively.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2013

Periodicities in the X-ray emission from the solar corona

We have studied the time series of full disk integrated soft and hard X-ray emission from the solar corona during 2004 January to 2008 December, covering the entire descending phase of solar cycle 23 from a global point of view. We employ the daily X-ray index derived from 1 s cadence X-ray observations from the Si and CZT detectors of the 'Solar X-ray Spectrometer' mission in seven different energy bands ranging between 6 and 56 keV. X-ray data in the energy bands 6-7, 7-10, 10-20, and 4-25 keV from the Si detector are considered, while 10-20, 20-30, and 30-56 keV high energy observations are taken from the CZT detector. The daily time series is subjected to power spectrum analysis after appropriate correction for noise. The Lomb-Scargle periodogram technique has shown prominent periods of ∼13.5 days, ∼27 days, and a near-Rieger period of ∼181 days and ∼1.24 yr in all energy bands. In addition to this, other periods like ∼31, ∼48, ∼57, ∼76, ∼96, ∼130, ∼227, and ∼303 days are also detected in different energy bands. We discuss our results in light of previous observations and existing numerical models.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

NASA NTRS1977

Photometric imaging of Mars during the 1973 opposition

The paper discusses imaging of Mars at 20 wavelengths in the spectral region from 0.35 to 1.10 microns performed during the 1973 opposition with a photometric imaging system that uses a silicon vidicon tube as the detector. The imaging system and data-reduction procedures are described in detail, and relative reflectance spectra for several small areas in the images are presented along with vidicon images obtained during early phases in the development of the 1973 dust storms. Several anomalous blue brightenings are examined and attributed to ground fog and H2O frost. It is suggested that anomalously large amounts of H2O were pulsed into the atmosphere from the regolith by the storm system. An apparent fading and recession of the north polar hood is noted, surface units revealed in contrast-enhanced ratio images are identified, and the need for higher-spatial-resolution orbital spectroscopy of dark areas is emphasized.

Mccord, T. B.↗

NASA NTRS1986

First plasma wave observations of Uranus

Plasma wave data collected by instrumentation on Voyager 2 as it passed Uranus magnetosphere are discussed. Radio signals at 31.1 and 56.2 kHz were detected 5 days from closest approach and were buried in a burst of electrostatic noise as the spacecraft crossed the bow shock 10 hr before closest approach. The noise arose from electrons escaping the bow shock into the solar wind. Electric field intensities downstream of the shock were reduced, a situation similar to those observed around Saturn and Jupiter. Whistler-mode hiss and chorus emissions were prominent within the magnetosphere at less than 8 Uranus radii, a region where particle detectors registered intense energetic electron fluxes. Also, micron-sized particle impacts at a rate of 30-50 impacts/sec occurred when passing through the ring plane. The duration of the micro-impact phase was sufficient to estimate the ring thickness as about 4000 km.

Gurnett, D. A.↗

NASA NTRS2000

Design and Flight Testing of an Inflatable Sunshield for the NGST

The Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST) mission is scheduled to launch in 2007 and be stationed at L2 for a mission life of ten years. The large aperture mirror and optical detectors aboard NGST require shielding from the constant solar energy seen at this orbit. The government reference NGST design, called the Yardstick, baselined a sunshield using an inflation deployment system. During the formulation phase, NGST is spending approximately 25% of the overall budget to foster the development of new technology. The goal is to develop and demonstrate enabling or enhancing technology and provide innovative solutions for the design of the NGST observatory. Inflatable technology falls in the category of enhancing technology due to its advantages in weight, stowed volume and cost. The Inflatable Sunshield in Space (ISIS) flight experiment will provide a realistic space flight demonstration of an inflatable sunshield. The supporting technology development program will provide an information base for the design, manufacture, assembly and testing of large thin membranes and inflatable structural elements for space structures. The ISIS experiment will demonstrate the feasibility of using inflatable technology to passively cool optical systems for NGST and provide correlation between analytical predictions and on orbit results. The experiment will be performed on a Hitchhiker/Space Shuttle mission in late 2001. The ISIS mission is an effort to address several major technical challenges of the NGST inflatable sunshield, namely controlled inflation deployment, plenarity and separation of large stretched membranes, space rigidization of inflatable booms, and dynamic modeling and simulation. This paper will describe the design of the flight experiment and the testing to be performed on-orbit.

Adams, Michael L.↗

DOE OSTI2013

LEIC - A Polarized Low Energy Electron-ion Collider at Jefferson Lab

A polarized electron-ion collider is envisioned as the future nuclear science program at JLab beyond the 12 GeV CEBAF. Presently, a medium energy collider (MEIC) is set as an immediate goal with options for a future energy upgrade. A comprehensive design report for MEIC has been released recently. The MEIC facility could also accommodate electron and proton/ion collisions in a low CM energy range, covering proton energies from 10 to 25 GeV and ion energies with a similar magnetic rigidity, for additional science reach. In this paper, we present a conceptual design of this low energy collider, LEIC, showing its luminosity can reach above 10{sup 33} cm{sup -2}s{sup -1}. The design specifies that the large booster of the MEIC is converted to a low energy ion collider ring with an interaction region and an electron cooler integrated into it. The design provides options for either sharing the detector with the MEIC or a dedicated low energy detector in a third collision point, with advantages of either a minimum cost or extra detection parallel to the MEIC operation, respectively. The LEIC could be positioned as the first and low cost phase of a multi-stage approach to realize the full MEIC.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗