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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 163 records · Page 9
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Optically pumped polarized 3 He ++ ion source development for RHIC/EIC

The proposed polarized 3 He ++ acceleration in RHIC and the future Electron-Ion Collider will require about 2×10 11 ions in the source pulse. A new technique had been proposed for production of high intensity polarized 3 He ++ ion beams. It is based on ionization and accumulation of the 3 He gas (polarized by metastability-exchange optical pumping and in the 5T high magnetic field) in the existing Electron Beam Ion Source (EBIS). A novel 3 He cryogenic purification and storage technique was developed to provide the required gas purity. An original gas refill and polarized 3 He gas injection to the EBIS long drift tubes, (which serves as the storage cell) were developed to ensure polarization preservation. An infrared laser system for optical pumping and polarization measurements in the high 3–5 T field has been developed. The 3 He polarization 80–85% (and sufficiently long ~30 min relaxation time) was obtained in the “open” cell configuration with refilling valve tube inlet and isolation valve closed. The development of the spin-rotator and 3 He 4 He absolute nuclear polarimeter at 6 MeV 3 He ++ beam energy is also presented here in this work.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Optimization and Techno-Economic Comparison of Regenerators and Recuperators in sCO2 Recompression Brayton Cycles for Concentrating Solar Power Applications

Supercritical CO2 power cycles might be capable of providing the cost reductions and efficiency improvements necessary to reach concentrating solar power (CSP) cost targets, but require large, highly effective recuperators. Fixed-bed regenerators are a periodic heat exchanger that could be an effective yet low-cost alternative to these recuperators. This study presents a techno-economic comparison of regenerators and recuperators for a 100 MWe supercritical CO2 power cycle for CSP applications. We quantify the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) for the power plant with both types of heat exchangers, and explore sensitivity of LCOE to parameters such as CSP-specific capital costs, power cycle component capital costs, and regenerator valve replacements costs. Results indicate that the incumbent printed circuit heat exchangers achieve the lowest LCOE, unless the upper extreme of PCHE capital cost and lower extremes of regenerator and valve capital and O&M costs are realized. Sensitivity analysis also illustrates that the primary heat exchanger cost is the most influential of power cycle components, and that CSP component capital cost is more influential than power cycle capital costs. This illustrates the importance of reducing the cost of heliostats, receivers, and thermal energy storage for achieving CSP LCOE targets.

OTHER INSTRUMENTATION,SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Trans-crustal structural control of CO 2 -rich extensional magmatic systems revealed at Mount Erebus Antarctica

Erebus volcano, Antarctica, with its persistent phonolite lava lake, is a classic example of an evolved, CO 2 -rich rift volcano. Seismic studies provide limited images of the magmatic system. Here we show using magnetotelluric data that a steep, melt-related conduit of low electrical resistivity originating in the upper mantle undergoes pronounced lateral re-orientation in the deep crust before reaching shallower magmatic storage and the summit lava lake. The lateral turn represents a structural fault-valve controlling episodic flow of magma and CO 2 vapour, which replenish and heat the high level phonolite differentiation zone. This magmatic valve lies within an inferred, east-west structural trend forming part of an accommodation zone across the southern termination of the Terror Rift, providing a dilatant magma pathway. Unlike H 2 O-rich subduction arc volcanoes, CO 2 -dominated Erebus geophysically shows continuous magmatic structure to shallow crustal depths of < 1 km, as the melt does not experience decompression-related volatile supersaturation and viscous stalling.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

A path to scaling helium-3 spin-exchange optical pumping

Polarized 3 He has contributed to breakthroughs in particle physics, neutron scattering, and lung imaging, mostly by optical pumping of liter quantities in valved cells or in sealed cells pumped in situ. Only metastability exchange optical pumping currently meets the demand for delivering large quantities of highly polarized 3 He to external volumes. Our development program is under way to achieve medium to large-scale spin-exchange optical pumping of 3 He. Thin-walled aluminosilicate cells placed in contact with thermal reservoirs inside a pressure vessel were optically pumped with kilowatt-scale lasers spectrally narrowed to match pressure-broadened absorption linewidths. We report here the key elements of this program and significant milestones: multi-liter volume valved cells that provide long longitudinal lifetimes that reached polarization as high as 85% inside a thermally stable and pressurized environment.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Commissioning of Extended Electron Beam Ion Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory

Here, the Extended Electron Beam Ion Source (EEBIS) has been installed and commissioned at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) hadron accelerator complex in the spring of 2023. EEBIS has replaced its predecessor, RhicEBIS, which provided ions for BNL hadron facilities for over a decade since 2009. The motivations for the source upgrade are to provide higher intensities of the Au 32+ ion beam for the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and to provide of an intense source of polarized 3 He 2+ ions for the future Electron Ion Collider (EIC) at BNL. EEBIS is and will continue to be the primary source for a variety of different ion species for the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) at BNL. EEBIS utilizes two identical, two-meter-long unshielded 5T warm bore superconducting solenoids, and it is operated with electron beam current up to 10 A, providing a high-capacity ion traps to fulfill the requirement for high intensity ion beams. The upstream solenoid contains a “short ion trap” with a length of 95 cm, while the “long ion trap” with a length of 178 cm is located inside the downstream solenoid bore. The main features of EEBIS are: * A Gas injection and ionization cell equipped with a Lorenz pulse valve * High-capacity ZAO non-evaporable getter (NEG) custom linear pumping units * In situ apparatus for pumping speed measurements to monitor NEG activation and saturation * “External drift tube” construction with differential pumping stages to provide space for Lorentz pulse valve and 3 He high-field polarization cell * A Ba oxide electron gun cathode. The design of EEBIS as well as the results of its commissioning and first-year operation are presented and discussed.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Preliminary design of a helium cryogenic system for SAND detector at LBNF-DUNE near site

The Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) is providing a helium cryogenic system to support the superconducting solenoid magnet of the System for on-Axis Neutrino Detection (SAND) for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Near Site at Fermilab in Batavia, IL. The design started in 2020 and construction is set to begin in the mid 2020‘s.The helium cryogenic system primarily consists of a helium refrigerator system, distribution valve boxes, vacuum-jacketed helium and nitrogen transfer lines, warm gaseous helium transfer system, instruments and control system, and gaseous helium storage tanks. It is designed to provide supercritical helium at around 3 bara and 5 K with expansion from 3 to 1.2 bara in the SAND cryostat and 70K forced cold gas helium to cool the thermal shields of the SAND cryostat. The SAND superconductive magnet is indirectly cooled through a liquid helium thermosiphon cycle. A pair of 3 kA leads is cooled by the gas helium vaporized from the liquid helium reservoir in the cryostat turret. The helium system will share the liquid nitrogen tank and liquid nitrogen phase separator with the Near Site Liquid Argon system. The helium recycle compressor system, GHe tanks and LN2 tank will be located on the Surface. The cryogenic facilities including refrigerator cold box, valve boxes and LN2 phase separator will be located on the shaft cryo-mezzanine in the underground cavern. The shaft connecting surface and cavern is more than 60 meter deep. The helium vacuum-jacketed transfer line between the cold box and the SAND magnet is more than 50 meter long. This paper presents the preliminary design of the helium cryogenic system including the design scheme, process flow diagram, heat load estimates, layout plan and so on.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2024

Nitrogen precooling heat exchanger replacement and control system upgrade in superfluid cryoplant at CMTF

Liquid nitrogen precooling is used in most cryoplants to achieve cooldown to 80 K temperature range. In one such system at Fermilab’s CMTF superfluid cryoplant, where the helium supply directly exchanges heat with liquid nitrogen, freezing of nitrogen occurred inside the heat exchanger due to heat exchanger flow imbalance during a cryoplant trip. Trapped vapor pockets of nitrogen within the frozen heat exchanger channels were formed while warming up the heat exchanger, creating high localized pressure and subsequent damage/rupture of the heat exchanger. Replacement of the heat exchanger was done, and modifications were made in the system to rectify future occurrences. The control system was updated to bypass the heat exchanger entirely if the incoming helium stream temperature drops below 76 K. This was done by repurposing two control valves as heat exchanger bypass valves that were previously used for a redundant 80 K adsorber in the coldbox. Additional modifications were made to further prevent return of large amount of cold helium gas from cold end during abrupt cryoplant shutdown. This modification has ensured high reliability of heat exchanger with prevention of freezing of nitrogen which can damage the heat exchanger.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2023

Restricting electron flow at cytochrome b6f when downstream electron acceptors are severely limited

Abstract Photosynthetic organisms frequently experience abiotic stress that restricts their growth and development. Under such circumstances, most absorbed solar energy cannot be used for CO2 fixation and can cause the photoproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can damage the photosynthetic reaction centers of PSI and PSII, resulting in a decline in primary productivity. This work describes a biological “switch” in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that reversibly restricts photosynthetic electron transport (PET) at the cytochrome b6f (Cyt b6f) complex when the capacity for accepting electrons downstream of PSI is severely limited. We specifically show this restriction in STARCHLESS6 (sta6) mutant cells, which cannot synthesize starch when they are limited for nitrogen (growth inhibition) and subjected to a dark-to-light transition. This restriction represents a form of photosynthetic control that causes diminished electron flow to PSI and thereby prevents PSI photodamage but does not appear to rely on a ΔpH. Furthermore, when electron flow is restricted, the plastid alternative oxidase (PTOX) becomes active, functioning as an electron valve that dissipates some excitation energy absorbed by PSII and allows the formation of a proton motive force (PMF) that would drive some ATP production (potentially sustaining PSII repair and nonphotochemical quenching [NPQ]). The restriction at the Cyt b6f complex can be gradually relieved with continued illumination. This study provides insights into how PET responds to a marked reduction in availability of downstream electron acceptors and the protective mechanisms involved.

Plant Sciences↗
DOE OSTI2024

Space Nuclear Power Autonomous Control Algorithm and Control Element Test Bed

Nuclear thermal rockets are currently NASA’s preferred option for use in a manned mission to Mars in the 2040s. The communication delay between an Earth ground station and a spacecraft heading toward Mars can be up to 20 min. Therefore, controlling the nuclear rocket engine would require either a full-time reactor operator on the mission or an autonomous control system for the reactor. The latter idea of making space nuclear reactors fully autonomous has drawn more interest from stakeholders, but such an autonomous control system must be rigorously tested and validated before it is certified for human use. The cost of a full ground test for a space nuclear reactor is tremendous, so a nonnuclear mock reactor test bed was created to test and validate control elements and control algorithms for space nuclear reactors. The test bed consists of control element hardware that inputs physical measurement data into a reactor emulator to produce the reactor’s performance under steady-state, transient, and fault conditions. The control element hardware consists of six full-sized control drums equipped with servo drives and motors and is instrumented with optical encoders, resolvers, and torque sensors for drum movement characterization. In addition to the drums, a two-phase flow loop was designed and built to mimic the valves and turbomachinery associated with the propellant flow through a nuclear thermal rocket engine; components such as pressure sensors, flow meters, thermocouples, and tachometers are instrumented throughout the loop to characterize the fluid flow, valve, and turbomachinery behavior of the system. The data from the physical hardware (e.g., drum position, propellant flow rates) are input to a nuclear reactor simulator to determine the actual nuclear reactor parameters, and the data are sent back to a control algorithm to complete the control loop. The ability to conduct numerous tests of the control systems and autonomous algorithms can help validate the instrumentation and control aspects for a space nuclear reactor for every possible fault situation.

Wilson, Brandon↗
DOE OSTI2021

A Power Take-Off (PTO) for Wave Energy Converters Based on the Hybrid Hydraulic-Electric Architecture (HHEA)

Wave energy is a promising renewable energy resource for coastal regions around the world, but is not yet an economically competitive source of electricity. More effective power take-off (PTO) designs would help to make wave power a feasible and clean source of energy. To do this, PTOs need to: i) enable controlled actuation, ii) convert absorbed energy into electricity efficiently, and iii) have minimal manufacturing costs. We propose a new PTO architecture that can exert arbitrary control loads on the WEC to maximize energy capture, enabling the downsizing of expensive electrical components while maintaining high efficiency. Our PTO design is based upon a hybrid hydraulic-electric architecture (HHEA). This paper compares the performance of the HHEA PTO against two other PTO designs: 1) a baseline PTO consisting of a system of rectifying check valves and accumulators, and 2) a PTO consisting of an electro-hydraulic actuator (EHA). The HHEA PTO is shown to produce much more power than the check valve PTO and the EHA PTO. Also, the required electric generator sizes for the HHEA are smaller than that of the EHA PTO. The reduced size of these components allows for a WEC which is less expensive to manufacture.

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
DOE OSTI2025

Initial in-orbit operation of the soft X-ray spectrometer Resolve onboard the X-ray imaging and spectroscopy mission satellite

The X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission satellite was launched on September 6, 2023 (UT). Its Resolve instrument is a high-resolution X-ray spectrometer enabled by a microcalorimeter array thermally anchored to a 50-mK heat sink. Many sensitive, critical sub-systems comprise Resolve, including a multistage cryogenic cooling system, thin-film aperture filters, low-noise electronics, on-board signal processing, and several sources of X-rays for calibration. We summarize the initial on-orbit power-on and checkout of Resolve that commenced immediately after launch. Soon after launch, the cryocoolers were activated, and their operation was successfully established. On October 9, 2023, the first cycle of the adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator was carried out, bringing the sensors to their steady-state operational temperatures. Following this, the energy resolution at 5.9 keV was successfully measured. The energy scale of the system is highly sensitive to the thermal environment surrounding both the sensors and their analog electronics. Gain correction was performed using reference X-ray lines from onboard calibration sources. To optimize cooler frequency settings, noise spectra were collected across a range of frequencies, and the most suitable frequency pair was selected based on the in-orbit environment. During the final phase of the checkout, an attempt was made to open the gate valve, which is designed to protect the Dewar’s interior from external pressure during ground operations and launch. Unfortunately, this attempt was unsuccessful. As a result, the checkout process was temporarily paused, and a stable operational strategy was subsequently developed to enable Resolve to function effectively with the gate valve remaining closed.

X-ray micro-calorimeter↗
DOE OSTI2020

Learning reference governor for cycle-to-cycle combustion control with misfire avoidance in spark-ignition engines at high exhaust gas recirculation–diluted conditions

Cycle-to-cycle feedback control is employed to achieve optimal combustion phasing while maintaining high levels of exhaust gas recirculation by adjusting the spark advance and the exhaust gas recirculation valve position. The control development is based on a control-oriented model that captures the effects of throttle position, exhaust gas recirculation valve position, and spark timing on the combustion phasing. Under the assumption that in-cylinder pressure information is available, an adaptive extended Kalman filter approach is used to estimate the exhaust gas recirculation rate into the intake manifold based on combustion phasing measurements. The estimation algorithm is adaptive since the cycle-to-cycle combustion variability (output covariance) is not known a priori and changes with operating conditions. A linear quadratic regulator controller is designed to maintain optimal combustion phasing while maximizing exhaust gas recirculation levels during load transients coming from throttle tip-in and tip-out commands from the driver. During throttle tip-outs, however, a combination of a high exhaust gas recirculation rate and an overly advanced spark, product of the dynamic response of the system, generates a sequence of misfire events. In this work, an explicit reference governor is used as an add-on scheme to the closed-loop system in order to avoid the violation of the misfire limit. The reference governor is enhanced with model-free learning which enables it to avoid misfires after a learning phase. Experimental results are reported which illustrate the potential of the proposed control strategy for achieving an optimal combustion process during highly diluted conditions for improving fuel efficiency.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2021

Performance of direct injected propane and gasoline in a high stroke-to-bore ratio SI engine: Pathways to diesel efficiency parity with ultra low soot

This work explores pathways to achieve diesel-like, high-efficiency combustion with stoichiometric 3-way catalyst compatible combustion in a single-cylinder spark ignition (SI) research engine. A unique high stroke-to-bore engine design (1.5:1) with cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and high compression ratio ( r c ) was used to improve engine efficiency by up to 30% compared with a production turbocharged gasoline direct injection spark ignition engine. Engine experiments were conducted with both 91 RON E10 gasoline and liquified petroleum gas (LPG) (i.e. autogas) and were compared to legacy gasoline data on the production engine. Geometric compression ratio ( r c ) of 13.3:1 was used for both fuels with additional experiments at 16.8:1 for LPG only. Measurements of exhaust soot particle size and number concentrations were made with both fuels. Significant reduction in soot particles across the whole particle size range were achieved with LPG due to the elimination of in-cylinder liquid films. The effects of EGR, late intake valve closing (IVC) and fuel characteristics were investigated through their effects on efficiency, combustion stability and soot production. Results of 47% gross thermal efficiency, and 45% net thermal efficiency at stoichiometric engine operation, at up to 17 bar IMEP and 2000 r/min with 16.8:1 r c were achieved with LPG. Estimated brake efficiency values were compared to a contemporary medium duty diesel engine illustrating the benefits of the chosen path for achieving diesel efficiency parity.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2021

OPERATING EXPERIENCE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO EMBEDDED DIGITAL DEVICES IN SAFETY SYSTEMS

Interest in embedded digital devices (EDDs) for monitoring and providing control of components is increasing and the added functionality digital brings such as diagnostics, displays, control functions is welcomed in both the nuclear and other industries. As a result, pure analog-based components continue to disappear from the industrial I&C marketplace. Equipment with EDDs, also known by related terms such as smart devices, intelligent devices, and digital devices of limited functionality, can include sensors, breakers, priority logic modules, time delay relays, pumps, valve actuators, motor control centers, and uninterruptible power supplies. Not only is equipment consisting of analog and older digital technology being replaced with commercial grade products containing EDDs, but EDDs can also be retrofitted to work with existing components. EDDs may be installed physically within a component, such as in a relay. There are also external devices that some would not consider an EDD, but that operate in almost all technical ways identically to one internal to a component such as in a valve controller. In fact, the digital portions may be located hundreds of feet from the actual component.Due to the potential of being used in an identical manner and without alteration from their application in other industries, operating experience (OpE) for EDDs may be much more applicable than in the case of other more system level devices. Clear separation and independence of functionality provided with EDDs may also allow greater applicability of existing OpE from industry for changes that can be shown not to affect its safety function. However, OpE also demonstrates issues with different conditions between other industries and nuclear power plants, such as issues with undeclared changes or undeclared digital devices and the new failure modes they may introduce, issues with the reporting of OpE in industry, and a lack of transparency into OpE for EDDs.Understanding and addressing these issues will be key in the future use of EDDs in nuclear power plants, but failure rate data is difficult to obtain for EDDs, and lessons learned from the use of EDDs are difficult to collect and identify.Key words: embedded digital device, smart device, operating experience, failure modes

Muhlheim, Michael↗
DOE OSTI2022

HERO WEC V1.0 - WEC-Sim Detailed Simulation Runs and Summary Data

Data sets from simulation runs include 144 wave cases that were run based on the WEC-Sim model (https://mhkdr.openei.org/submissions/483). The 144 wave cases represent waves with the following wave height and wave period ranges: - Significant Wave Height: 0.25 - 4.0m in 0.25m increments - Wave Period: 5 - 13 sec in 1 sec increments Each run was simulated using a Pierson-Moskowitz irregular wave spectrum with a 200 second ramp time and a total simulation time of 2,200 seconds. Summary data set includes a spreadsheet and image files with matrices that are associated with data from simulation runs. All matrices cover the same significant wave height and wave periods from the sim runs, in the same increments. The following matrices are included: - Mechanical Power Input: Absorbed power calculated using linear input velocity at PTO (power take-off) multiplied by winch tension. - Mechanical Power Output: The hydraulic power calculated at the pump output prior to the pressure relief valve dump. - Feed Pressure: Average pressure at RO (reverse osmosis) input prior to pre-filters - RO Power Input: The hydraulic power calculated at the RO system inlet, accounts for flow loss due to pressure relief valve - Water Production: Average clean water flow at RO output

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
DOE OSTI2020

Development of the INL Thermal Energy Distribution System (TEDS) in the Modelica Eco-System for Validation and Verification

This report provides an overview on the development of the Thermal Energy Distribution System (TEDS) in the Modelica process model eco-system at Idaho National Laboratory as part of the integrated energy system initiative. Model development has led to the creation of a dynamic process model of the experimental TEDS facility housed within the Engineering Science Laboratory (ESL) at INL. The model was then used during the pre-construction phase of the experimental effort to inform experimental design (insulation requirements, bypass line placement, expected performance of components) and to test innovative control schemes prior to the initial operation. The TEDS model developed in Modelica includes the primary components of the TEDS experimental unit including: a 200kW Chromalox heater, a single-tank packed bed thermal energy storage system filled with 0.125 inch Alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), an ethylene-glycol to Therminol-66 heat exchanger, system piping, six control valves, and all associated temperature, pressure, and mass flow sensors. The model does not include nitrogen fill gas tanks, or associated overfill tanks, as these are not part of standard system control. Two simulation sets were run. The first is a five-hour test that operates as a shakedown test for the facility. This simulation puts the facility through all five potential operating modes and showcases the ability of valving, control sensors, and component controllers to meet the system demands. The second case imposes a typical summer day demand on the system from a region with mixed commercial and residential electrical needs where the generator alone cannot meet peak demand but instead requires the thermal storage unit to act as a peaking unit. Over the course of the fifteen-hour discharge cycle heat losses account for a heat loss of approximately 15°C in outlet temperature. Such heat losses would lead to a decrease in overall system efficiency and may lead to additional design changes for such designs in the future that may include a topping heater. Through commencement of this work, a systems level model of TEDS with associated control systems, sensors, piping diameters, and component capabilities has been created. This model has been utilized in the pre-experimental phase to inform system design, insulation thicknesses, and potential control schemes to operate the system effectively and safely. Once TEDS begins operation, this model will be refined, tuned, and used for validation and verification purposes.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2020

Flanged Tritium Waste Containers: Background and Current Path to Disposal

The MLLW Flanged Tritium Waste Container (FTWC) Project has been operational since 2007 when, during an audit of the FTWC waste stream, it was determined that four FTWC containers contained lead in amounts greater than LDR treatment standards. From June to August of 2007, four FTWC containers were shipped to TA-54 for disposal as LLW from WETF. The contents of the FTWCs were characterized as high activity LLW and were thought to be in compliance with LANL's Waste Acceptance Criteria (WAC). During the packaging of these FTWC's, 36 intact squib valves (aka actuators), containing detonated squibs were included with the waste stream After being transported to TA-54 Area G, it was determined that the explosive used in some of the squibs was Normal Lead Styphnate (NLS). A recharacterization of the entire contents in the FTWC's was performed with the conclusion that the squib valves exhibited the RCRA toxic characteristic for Lead (D008), thus resulting in the contents of the FTWCs being reclassified as a Mixed LLW.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2020

Pressurizing Hagan and SAVY containers to 30-psig (air) to measure the release of analytical cerium oxide test powder

In response to an ESS surrounding the storage of sealed sources at TA-55, personnel from RP-SVS (Radiation Protection Services) and ORI-2 (Operational Readiness & Execution) were approached by ES-55 (Facility System Engineering) to provide technical testing of known nuclear material storage containers. Testing criteria were determined by SB-PF (Safety Basis for Plutonium Facilities). Tests were conducted in conjunction with multiple related projects at the Aerosol Sciences Laboratory (TA-03-0130-0103). An experimental system was quickly developed to deliver a pressure pulse (30-psig) that mimics a sealed source burst scenario. A series of twelve tests was conducted. Six tests were done with two different 5QT SAVY-4000 containers, where each SAVY filter-lid combination was subjected to three successive test insults. Three tests were done with a (0.375" diameter filter) 8Q.T Hagan container, and three tests with a (0.625" diameter filter) 8QT Hagan container. An unused, fresh container filter was used for each tested Hagan container, each receiving only one test insult per filter. Cerium oxide (CeO 2 ) powder was loaded (100 grams per test) into a nozzle in the tested Hagan and SAVY containers, and the nozzle was hard-plumbed to a ball valve and a pressure source. This system was installed into the Los Alamos RRFMC (Respirable Release Measurement Chamber), which is an integrated multipurpose aerosol wind tunnel that satisfies NQA-1 subpart 2.4 for R&D work. The ball valve was fitted with a mechanical linkage for operation from outside the wind tunnel. An aerodynamic particle sizer counted the particle concentrations and size distributions of released aerosol. Respirable aerosol released during the tests was measured and a correction factor for wind tunnel flowrate and internal duct deposition was applied.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗