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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 163 records · Page 9
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2018

Reduced Graphene Oxide–Cadmium Zinc Sulfide Nanocomposite with Controlled Band Gap for Large-Area Thin-Film Optoelectronic Device Application

Herein, we report the one pot single step solvothermal synthesis of reduced grapheme oxide–cadmium zinc sulfide (RGO–Cd{sub 0.5}Zn{sub 0.5}S) composite. The reduction in graphene oxide (GO), synthesis of Cd{sub 0.5}Zn{sub 0.5}S (mentioned as CdZnS in the text) nanorod and decoration of CdZnS nanorods onto RGO sheet were done simultaneously. The structural, morphological and optical properties were studied thoroughly by different techniques, such as XRD, TEM, UV–Vis and PL. The PL intensity of CdZnS nanorods quenches significantly after the attachment of RGO, which confirms photoinduced charge transformation from CdZnS nanorods to RGO sheet through the interface of RGO–CdZnS. An excellent photocurrent generation in RGO–CdZnS thin-film device has been observed under simulated solar light irradiation. The photocurrent as well as photosensitivity increases linearly with the solar light intensity for all the composites. Our study establishes that the synergistic effect of RGO and CdZnS in the composite is capable of getting promising applications in the field of optoelectronic devising.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Linguistic variation in functional types of statutory law

When the meaning of an ambiguous word, phrase or grammatical structure in a statutory provision is disputed, courts are tasked with identifying the best meaning of the contested language. A common method of resolving linguistic ambiguities is to investigate the meaning of the contested word or structure in statutory provisions with similar subject matter. While the subject matter of a text has a demonstrated effect on language use, register variation research shows that the function of a text is also highly influential in predicting linguistic variation. Thus far, the function of a statutory provision (e.g., obligation to act, authorization to act) has not been considered in legal interpretative research. In the present study, I investigate the extent to which function influences the lexico-grammatical characteristics of statutory texts. 2,573 statutory provisions from the Arizona State Code are individually assigned to one of seven categories representing their function: Duties, Permissions, Impersonal Rules, Operational Definitions, Prohibitions, Procedural Guidelines, and Criminal Offenses. Key feature analysis is used to identify and describe patterns of lexico-grammatical variation between the seven functional types. Results reveal a great deal of lexico-grammatical variation associated with function in the register of statutory law. Furthermore, some functional types of statutory provisions are more linguistically distinct than others. In conclusion, these findings suggest that it may be beneficial to consider communicative function when investigating legal interpretative questions.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Precursor reaction pathway leading to BiFeO 3 formation: insights from text-mining and chemical reaction network analyses

BiFeO 3 (BFO) is a next-generation non-toxic multiferroic material with applications in sensors, memory devices, and spintronics, where its crystallinity and crystal structure directly influence its functional properties. Designing sol–gel syntheses that result in phase-pure BFO remains a challenge due to the complex interactions between metal complexes in the precursor solution. Here, we combine text-mined data and chemical reaction network (CRN) analysis to obtain novel insight into BFO sol–gel precursor chemistry. We perform text-mining analysis of 340 synthesis recipes with the emphasis on phase-pure BFO and identify trends in the use of precursor materials, including that nitrates are the preferred metal salts, 2-methoxyethanol (2 ME) is the dominant solvent, and adding citric acid as a chelating agent frequently leads to phase-pure BFO. Our CRN analysis reveals that the thermodynamically favored reaction mechanism between bismuth nitrate and 2ME interaction involves partial solvation followed by dimerization, contradicting assumptions in previous literature. We suggest that further oligomerization, facilitated by nitrite ion bridging, is critical for achieving the pure BFO phase.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2019

Overview of the recent experimental research on the J-TEXT tokamak

Recent J-TEXT research has highlighted the significance of the role that non-axisymmetric magnetic perturbations, so called three-dimensional (3D) magnetic perturbation (MP) fields, play in a fundamentally 2D concept, i.e. tokamaks. This paper presents the J-TEXT results achieved over the last two years, especially on the impacts of 3D MP fields on magnetohydrodynamic instabilities, plasma disruptions and plasma turbulence transport. On J-TEXT, the resonant MP (RMP) system, capable of providing either a static or a high frequency (up to 8 kHz) rotating RMP field, has been upgraded by adding a new set of 12 in-vessel saddle coils. The shattered pellet injection system was built in J-TEXT in the spring of 2018. The new capabilities advance J-TEXT to be at the forefront of international magnetic fusion facilities, allowing flexible study of 3D effects and disruption mitigation in a tokamak. The fast rotating RMP field has been successfully applied for avoidance of mode locking and the prevention of plasma disruption. A new control strategy, which applies pulsed RMP to the tearing mode only during the accelerating phase region, was proved by nonlinear numerical modelling to be efficient in accelerating mode rotation and even completely suppresses the mode. Remarkably, the rotating tearing mode was completely suppressed by the electrode biasing. The impacts of 3D magnetic topology on the turbulence has been investigated on J-TEXT. It is found that the fluctuations of electron density, electron temperature and plasma potential can be significantly modulated by the island structure, and a larger fluctuation level appears at the X-point of islands. The suppression of runaway electrons during disruptions is essential to the operation of ITER, and it has been reached by utilizing the 3D magnetic perturbations on J-TEXT. Finally, this may provide an alternative mechanism of runaway suppression for large-scale tokamaks and ITER.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2026

Fidelity-preserving enhancement of ptychography with foundational text-to-image models

Ptychographic phase retrieval enables high-resolution imaging of complex samples but often suffers from artifacts such as grid pathology and multislice crosstalk, which degrade reconstructed images. We propose a plug-and-play (PnP) framework that integrates physics model-based phase retrieval with text-guided image editing using foundational diffusion models. By employing the alternating direction method of multipliers, our approach ensures consensus between data fidelity and artifact removal subproblems, maintaining physical consistency while enhancing image quality. Artifact removal is achieved using a text-guided diffusion image editing method (LEDITS++) with a pre-trained foundational diffusion model, allowing users to specify artifacts for removal in natural language. Demonstrations on simulated and experimental datasets show significant improvements in artifact suppression and structural fidelity, validated by metrics such as peak signal-to-noise ratio and diffraction pattern consistency. This work highlights the combination of text-guided generative models and model-based phase retrieval algorithms as a transferable and fidelity-preserving method for high-quality diffraction imaging.

image editing↗
DOE OSTI2026

Data for Rod et al., "Alternating salt and freshwater floods of coastal soils impact soil structure, hydraulic properties, and oxygen dynamics"

This dataset includes laboratory experiment data on soil structure, hydraulic properties, and oxygen dynamics associated with Rod et al. 2026 https://doi.org/10.1002/vzj2.70073. There are six data files from a lab-based flood simulation of either freshwater (FW) or alternating brackish saltwater (SW) and FW using soil cores from a coastal forest at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center. For soil information please see the Location section of the metadata. Files include: CO2, surface chemistry, water retention, dissolved oxygen, and soil specific surface area. Each file is in CSV format and can be opened/read with any plain text tabular file reader (Microsoft Excel, R, etc.). Purpose of Experiment: To investigate how hydrologic intensification affects soil structure and oxygen dynamics, we conducted a series of laboratory-based flood simulations. After three SW-FW floods (6 floods total) there were significant changes in pore size distribution, significant redistribution of colloids, and the A-horizon became sodic. We concluded that a small number of SW flooding events can induce a measurable change in soil physical properties that directly impacts the biogeochemical dynamics.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1985

Methodology for system description using the software design & documentation language

The Software Design and Documentation Language (SDDL) can be loosely characterized as a text processor with built-in knowledge of, and methods for handling the concepts of structure and abstraction which are essential for developing software and other information intensive systems. Several aspects of system descriptions to which SDDL has been applied are presented and specific SDDL methodologies developed for these applications are discussed.

Kleine, H.↗
DOE OSTI2017

Examining the Hydrological Variations in an Aquaplanet World Using Wave Activity Transformation

Building on the recent advent of the concept of finite-amplitude wave activity, a contour-following diagnostics for column water vapor (CWV) is developed and applied to a pair of aquaplanet model simulations to understand and quantify the higher moments in the global hydrological cycle. The Lagrangian nature of the diagnostics leads to a more tractable formalism for the transient, zonally asymmetric component of the hydrological cycle, with a strong linear relation emerging between the wave activity and the wave component of precipitation minus evaporation ([Formula: see text]). The dry-versus-wet disparity in the transient hydrological cycle is measured by [Formula: see text], and it is found to increase at a super-Clausius–Clapeyron rate at the poleward side of the mean storm track in response to a uniform sea surface temperature (SST) warming and the meridional structure of the increase can be largely attributed to the change of the meridional stirring scale of the midlatitude Rossby waves. Further scaling for [Formula: see text] indicates that the rate of the wavy hydrological cycle, measured by the ratio of [Formula: see text] to the CWV wave activity, is subdued almost everywhere in the extratropics, implying an overall weakening of the transient circulation. Extending the CWV wave activity analysis to the transient moist regions helps reveal some unique characteristics of atmospheric rivers in terms of transport function, minimum precipitation efficiency, and maximum hydrological cycle rate, as well as an overall weakening of the hydrological cycle rate in the atmospheric river regions under SST warming.

Lu, Jian↗
NASA NTRS1990

Directory interchange format manual, version 3.0

The Directory Interchange Format (DIF) is a data structure used to exchange directory level information about data sets among information systems. The format consists of a number of fields that describe the attributes of a directory entry and text blocks that contain a descriptive summary of and references for the directory entry. All fields and the summary are preceded by labels identifying their contents. All values are ASCII character strings. The structure is intended to be flexible, allowing for future changes in the contents of directory entries.

Source record↗
DOE OSTI2024

Library-AI-Toolset

Collection of tools designed to parse documents, such as PDFs, and extract structured elements including URLs, citation contexts, tables, formulas, and figures. This toolset leverages AI-based text extraction and classification methods, providing robust solutions for various scholarly resources processing needs.

Balakireva, Lyudmila↗
DOE OSTI2020

Hydrologic Model Files (PRMS) for Historical Conditions in the East River Watershed, Colorado between 1987-2019

The data package contains model input and output file for the East River watershed (85 km2) located in the headwaters of the Colorado River. The model is the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Precipitation-Modeling Runoff System (PRMS) for the historical, or baseline, condition (1987-2019) to assess the efficiency of summer monsoon rains to generate streamflow. The finite difference grid resolution is 100 m with elevations resampled from the USGS National Elevation Dataset. LANDFIRE raster data is used to derive parameters of dominant cover type, summer and winter cover density, canopy interception characteristics for snow and rain and transmission coefficient for shortwave radiation. Climate forcing uses minimum and maximum daily temperature lapse rates defined by the two Snow Telemetry (SNOTEL) stations located in the vicinity of the East River adjusted for aspect. Schofield SNOTEL snowfall is spatially distributed using LiDAR derived snow depth observations from the Airborne Snow Observatory (ASO) flown 4 April 2016. Snow depths are converted to snow water equivalent based on ground surveys and density modeling. Rainfall is spatially distributed using the monthly Parameter-elevation Relationships on Independent Slopes Model 30-year monthly averages. Simulated solar radiation is calibrated to match weather station observations. Model verification of snow water equivalent (SWE) accumulation and ablation relies on the 2018 and 2019 ASO maps and weather station snow depth. The data package contains model input files in text format, model documentation in pfd and a readme.txt file to help users understand the file structure to run the program.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1976

Computer synthesis of high resolution electron micrographs

Specimen damage, spherical aberration, low contrast and noisy sensors combine to prevent direct atomic viewing in a conventional electron microscope. The paper describes two methods for obtaining ultra-high resolution in biological specimens under the electron microscope. The first method assumes the physical limits of the electron objective lens and uses a series of dark field images of biological crystals to obtain direct information on the phases of the Fourier diffraction maxima; this information is used in an appropriate computer to synthesize a large aperture lens for a 1-A resolution. The second method assumes there is sufficient amplitude scatter from images recorded in focus which can be utilized with a sensitive densitometer and computer contrast stretching to yield fine structure image details. Cancer virus characterization is discussed as an illustrative example. Numerous photographs supplement the text.

Nathan, R.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Energy and mass distributions of impact ejecta blankets on the moon and Mercury

The paper applies previously calculated impact-induced flow fields (O'Keefe and Ahrens, 1977) resulting from interaction of 5-cm radius gabbroic anorthosite impactor with a half-space of the same material, at various velocities, to obtain mass and energy ejecta distributions. Whereas earlier results described the ejecta distribution from a 15 km/s impact of an iron object on the moon in terms of mass vs. distance, the present results describe, at a given distance from the impact, the energy content as a function of depth, i.e., the thermal structure of ejecta blankets. Pertinent computational methods are included, and several tables and plots supplement the text.

Ahrens, T. J.↗
NASA NTRS1990

CLIPS interface development tools and their application

A package of C-based PC user interface development functions has been developed and integrated into CLIPS. The primary function is ASK which provides a means to ask the user questions via multiple choice menus or the keyboard and then returns the user response to CLIPS. A parameter-like structure supplies information for the interface. Another function, SHOW, provides a means to paginate and display text. A third function, TITLE, formats and displays title screens. A similar set of C-based functions that are more general and thus will run on UNIX and machines have also been developed. Seven expert system applications were transformed from commercial development environments into CLIPS and utilize ASK, SHOW, and TITLE. Development of numerous new expert system applications using CLIPS and these interface functions has started. These functions greatly reduce the time required to build interfaces for CLIPS applications.

Engel, Bernard A.↗
NASA NTRS2013

Development and Implementation of Efficiency-Improving Analysis Methods for the SAGE III on ISS Thermal Model Originating

The Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III (SAGE III) instrument is the fifth in a series of instruments developed for monitoring aerosols and gaseous constituents in the stratosphere and troposphere. SAGE III will be delivered to the International Space Station (ISS) via the SpaceX Dragon vehicle in 2015. A detailed thermal model of the SAGE III payload has been developed in Thermal Desktop (TD). Several novel methods have been implemented to facilitate efficient payload-level thermal analysis, including the use of a design of experiments (DOE) methodology to determine the worst-case orbits for SAGE III while on ISS, use of TD assemblies to move payloads from the Dragon trunk to the Enhanced Operational Transfer Platform (EOTP) to its final home on the Expedite the Processing of Experiments to Space Station (ExPRESS) Logistics Carrier (ELC)-4, incorporation of older models in varying unit sets, ability to change units easily (including hardcoded logic blocks), case-based logic to facilitate activating heaters and active elements for varying scenarios within a single model, incorporation of several coordinate frames to easily map to structural models with differing geometries and locations, and streamlined results processing using an Excel-based text file plotter developed in-house at LaRC. This document presents an overview of the SAGE III thermal model and describes the development and implementation of these efficiency-improving analysis methods.

Liles, Kaitlin↗
DOE OSTI2022

Dynamical dark energy and infinite statistics

In the [Formula: see text]CDM model, dark energy is viewed as a constant vacuum energy density, the cosmological constant in the Einstein–Hilbert action. This assumption can be relaxed in various models that introduce a dynamical dark energy. In this paper, we argue that the mixing between infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) degrees of freedom in quantum gravity leads to infinite statistics, the unique statistics consistent with Lorentz invariance in the presence of nonlocality, and yields a fine structure for dark energy. Introducing IR and UV cutoffs into the quantum gravity action, we deduce the form of [Formula: see text] as a function of redshift and translate this to the behavior of the Hubble parameter.

Physics↗
NASA NTRS1991

Directory interchange format manual, version 4.0

The Directory Interchange Format (DIF) is a data structure used to exchange directory-level information about data sets among information systems. In general the format consists of a number of fields that describe the attributes of a directory entry and text blocks that contain a descriptive summary of and references for the directory entry. All fields and the summary are preceded by labels identifying their contents. All values are ASCII character strings. The structure is intended to be flexible, allowing for future changes in the contents of directory entries. The manual is structured as follows: section 1 is a general description of what constitutes a directory entry; section 2 describes the content of the individual fields within the data structure, together with some examples. Also included in the six appendices is a description of the syntax used within the examples; samples of the directory interchange format applied to different data sets; the allowable discipline keywords; a current list of valid location keywords; a list of allowable parameter keywords; a list of acronyns and a glossary of terms used; and a description of the Standard Formatted Data Unit header, which may be added to the front of a DIF file to identify the file as a registered standard format.

Source record↗