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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 163 records · Page 9

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

NASA NTRS1989

Continuation of research in software for space operations support

Software technologies relevant to workstation executives are discussed. Evaluations of problems, potential or otherwise, seen with IBM's Workstation Executive (WEX) 2.5 preliminary design and applicable portions of the 2.5 critical design are presented. Diverse graphics requirements of the Johnson Space Center's Mission Control Center Upgrade (MCCU) are also discussed. The key is to use tools that are portable, compatible with the X window system, and best suited to the requirements of the associated application. This will include a User Interface Language (UIL), an interactive display builder, and a graphic plotting/modeling system. Work sheets are provided for POSIX 1003.4 real-time extensions and the requirements for the Center's automated information systems security plan, referred to as POSIX 1003.6, are discussed.

Collier, Mark D.↗

DOE OSTI2017

Hemisphere partition function and analytic continuation to the conifold point

We show that the hemisphere partition function for certain U(1) gauged linear sigma models (GLSMs) with D-branes is related to a particular set of Mellin-Barnes integrals which can be used for analytic continuation to the singular point in the Kähler moduli space of an $h^{1,1}=1$ Calabi-Yau (CY) projective hypersurface. We directly compute the analytic continuation of the full quantum corrected central charge of a basis of geometric D-branes from the large volume to the singular point. In the mirror language this amounts to compute the analytic continuation of a basis of periods on the mirror CY to the conifold point. However, all calculations are done in the GLSM and we do not have to refer to the mirror CY. We apply our methods explicitly to the cubic, quartic and quintic CY hypersurfaces.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

NASA NTRS2005

Semantic Analysis of Email Using Domain Ontologies and WordNet

The problem of capturing and accessing knowledge in paper form has been supplanted by a problem of providing structure to vast amounts of electronic information. Systems that can construct semantic links for natural language documents like email messages automatically will be a crucial element of semantic email tools. We have designed an information extraction process that can leverage the knowledge already contained in an existing semantic web, recognizing references in email to existing nodes in a network of ontology instances by using linguistic knowledge and knowledge of the structure of the semantic web. We developed a heuristic score that uses several forms of evidence to detect references in email to existing nodes in the Semanticorganizer repository's network. While these scores cannot directly support automated probabilistic inference, they can be used to rank nodes by relevance and link those deemed most relevant to email messages.

Berrios, Daniel C.↗

DOE OSTI2021

Watch and learn—a generalized approach for transferrable learning in deep neural networks via physical principles

Transfer learning refers to the use of knowledge gained while solving a machine learning task and applying it to the solution of a closely related problem. Such an approach has enabled scientific breakthroughs in computer vision and natural language processing where the weights learned in state-of-the-art models can be used to initialize models for other tasks which dramatically improve their performance and save computational time. Here we demonstrate an unsupervised learning approach augmented with basic physical principles that achieves fully transferrable learning for problems in statistical physics across different physical regimes. By coupling a sequence model based on a recurrent neural network to an extensive deep neural network, we are able to learn the equilibrium probability distributions and inter-particle interaction models of classical statistical mechanical systems. Our approach, distribution-consistent learning, DCL, is a general strategy that works for a variety of canonical statistical mechanical models (Ising and Potts) as well as disordered interaction potentials. Using data collected from a single set of observation conditions, DCL successfully extrapolates across all temperatures, thermodynamic phases, and can be applied to different length-scales. This constitutes a fully transferrable physics-based learning in a generalizable approach.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

NASA NTRS1994

Using Dedal to share and reuse distributed engineering design information

The overall goal of the project is to facilitate the reuse of previous design experience for the maintenance, repair and redesign of artifacts in the electromechanical engineering domain. An engineering team creates information in the form of meeting summaries, project memos, progress reports, engineering notes, spreadsheet calculations and CAD drawings. Design information captured in these media is difficult to reuse because the way design concepts are referred to evolve over the life of a project and because decisions, requirements and structure are interrelated but rarely explicitly linked. Based on protocol analysis of the information seeking behavior of designer's, we defined a language to describe the content and the form of design records and implemented this language in Dedal, a tool for indexing, modeling and retrieving design information. We first describe the approach to indexing and retrieval in Dedal. Next we describe ongoing work in extending Dedal's capabilities to a distributed environment by integrating it with World Wide Web. This will enable members of a design team who are not co-located to share and reuse information.

Baya, Vinod↗

NASA NTRS2012

Metaverse Utilization in the EFL Classroom - A Study. Second Life (Register Trademark) as Part of an Institution's Curriculum

Starting on April 2010, the Kanda Institute of Foreign Languages integrated the Metaverse application known as Second Life into the core curriculum for 840 new enrollments. As of April 2011, we enrolled an additional 760 students. This course, the Hybrid English Learning Program, is commonly referred to by the acronym: HELP. By taking the advantages of learning in immersive 3D environments, we aim to meet two objectives, 1) namely to enable students to remember and properly use learned phrases and expressions, and 2) using Second Life(R) as a tool to enhance the meaning and practicality of what is being learned. ,Although there have been several online English learning programs or services here in Japan, this endeavor represents the first time Metaverse technology has been utilized as part of a core curriculum; a curriculum structured upon classroom learning and interaction within the Metaverse. This paper endeavors to explain the following: the planning and development of HELP, the class structure, and the results of a questionnaire which measured whether using such an approach would reduce student timidity and assist student to gain more confidence in speaking English in different social environments.

Imaoka, Yukimi↗

NASA NTRS1994

Application of Tunable Diode Laser Spectrometry for Isotopic Analysis

Lead-salt tunable diode lasers are now commercially available with operating temperatures above 77 K and excellent single-mode characteristics which make them very useful for spectroscopy in the mid-IR spectral range. Using these lasers for absorption measurements in the 4.3 micrometer spectral region we have made accurate measurements of isotopic abundances in CO2. The method involves assembly language controlled data acquisition of spectra of selected adjacent isotopic rotational lines, an etalon spectral frequency calibration technique, the fitting of multiple Voigt profiles to the data, and the ratioing of absorbances from simultaneously acquired sample and reference data scans. The accuracy achieved is better than 0.4% for the C-13/C-12 ratio and 1% for the O-18/O-16 ratio. Higher accuracy is expected from improvements now being implemented.

Sauke, T. B.↗

DOE OSTI2025

Empowering Geothermal Research: The Geothermal Data Repository's New AI Research Assistant

The Department of Energy's (DOE) Geothermal Data Repository (GDR) team has integrated a Large Language Model (LLM) with the metadata and supporting documents associated with GDR datasets to create an Artificially Intelligent (AI) research assistant. By leveraging work done to make GDR metadata machine-readable and an open-source LLM integration model called the Energy Language Model, developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, AskGDR serves as a virtual research assistant to GDR users. It provides answers to a variety of user-provided questions using natural language processing and generative machine learning. Users can get answers to questions about specific datasets, including inquiries about the equipment, assumptions and methodologies used in the origination of the data; or more abstract questions, such as the applicability of data to specific research fields. AskGDR improves the discoverability of geothermal data by helping guide users to datasets beyond simple keyword searches. It enables users to find data based on properties of the data, discover information contained within supporting documents, and explore data from projects related to their research objectives. This paper will outline the development, integration, output, and efficacy of the AskGDR LLM, including adherence to scientific rigor through improvements designed to increase the accuracy of generated answers, avoid speculation, and provide proper references for all resources used.

access↗

NASA NTRS1975

Engineering studies of vectorcardiographs in blood pressure measuring systems, appendix 1

A small, portable, relatively inexpensive computer system was developed for on-line use in clinical or laboratory situations. The system features an integrated hardware-software package that permits use of all peripherals, such as analog-to-digital converter, oscilloscope, plotter, digital bus, with an interpreter constructed around the BASIC programming language. The system is conceptually similar to the LINC system developed in 1962, but is more compact and powerful due to intervening advances in integrated circuit technology. A description of the hardware of the system was given. A reference manual, user manual, and programming guides were also presented. Finally, a stereo display system for vectorcardiograms was described.

Mark, R. G.↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Datascope to Enable Earth Independent Medical Operations (EIMO)

BACKGROUND: NASA has amassed sixty years of knowledge and experience relevant to maintenance of crew health and performance in low earth orbit. The Apollo Program introduced the importance of ensuring progressively autonomous operational capability. Earth Independent Medical Operations (EIMO) will require a gradual shift in the balance of medical responsibility, management, and authority from terrestrial to space-based assets. Terrestrial assets will continue to be essential for pre-mission screening and planning in addition to maintenance of crew health and performance. However, new capabilities are needed to enable EIMO and the amount of data required to support these systems, and mitigate the impacts of data transmission delays and reduced bandwidth coupled with lack of cloud-like resources and on-board computing capacity that is currently unclear or operationally insufficient. OVERVIEW: The overall goal of EIMO is to develop artificial intelligence (AI)-based solutions to analyze crew health and performance data utilizing a clinical decision support system (CDSS) to provide crew medical officers (CMO) with the equivalent of real-time, on-board medical consults. The EIMO ecosystem is envisioned as a “system of systems” where embedded reference databases and real-time data streams from multiple input vectors continuously and seamlessly assess crew health and performance. EIMO will be designed to make recommendations to the CMO using multi-modal AI-based natural language processing and machine learning methods with interoperability to push/pull data within and between multiple vehicle and habitat architectures. DISCUSSION: Data flows and storage/retrieval capacity are severely constrained during space missions and the challenges will become even greater during exploration missions. Just as each past program from Mercury to the International Space Station (ISS) required rethinking the interaction between ground-based controllers and space-based crew, so too will future missions to the Moon and Mars. While the NASA High-Performance Spaceflight Computing Processor project aims to increase computational capacity by 100 times over current spaceflight computers, the projected deliverable still lags considerably behind what will be needed to enable an AI-driven CDSS. Restrictions in processing speed and data storage capacity, coupled with transmission bottlenecks and delays, necessitate definition and optimization of an integrated data architecture to enable a progressively autonomous medical capability.

Medical operations↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Applying Formal Methods to Safety-Critical Systems

How do you know a proof is correct? Traditionally, mathematical proofs are socially verified – at least one human, following a set of implicit rules of natural language and logic, determines if the proof is believable. If the proof becomes overly tedious and/or is essential to some safety- or mission-critical application, it becomes necessary to determine the soundness to a higher standard. 'Formal methods' refer to mathematically rigorous techniques and tools that enable specification, design, and verification of hardware and software systems. The specification used in formal methods are statements in a mathematical logic while the formal verifications are deductions in that logic. Formal methods can be difficult or time/resource intensive, but offer a higher level of assurance than standard verification through testing or handwritten proofs. This talk will introduce formal methods, motivated by applications of interest to NASA, including uncrewed aircraft operations in the national airspace, urban air environments, and wildfire areas. The audience will be given a crash course in mechanically verified proofs in the Prototype Verification System (PVS), an interactive theorem prover.

Formal Methods↗

DOE OSTI2017

Cross-instrument Analysis Correlation Software

This program has been designed to assist with the tracking of a sample from one analytical instrument to another such as SEM, microscopes, micro x-ray diffraction and other instruments where particular positions/locations on the sample are examined, photographed, etc. The software is designed to easily enter the position of fiducials and locations of interest such that in a future session in the same of different instrument the positions of interest can be re-found through using the known location fiducials in the current and reference session to transform the point into the current sessions coordinate system. The software is dialog box driven guiding the user through the necessary data entry and program choices. Information is stored in a series of text based extensible markup language (XML) files.

McJunkin, TimothyR.↗

NASA NTRS1995

Computer-Assisted Search Of Large Textual Data Bases

"QA" denotes high-speed computer system for searching diverse collections of documents including (but not limited to) technical reference manuals, legal documents, medical documents, news releases, and patents. Incorporates previously available and emerging information-retrieval technology to help user intelligently and rapidly locate information found in large textual data bases. Technology includes provision for inquiries in natural language; statistical ranking of retrieved information; artificial-intelligence implementation of semantics, in which "surface level" knowledge found in text used to improve ranking of retrieved information; and relevance feedback, in which user's judgements of relevance of some retrieved documents used automatically to modify search for further information.

Driscoll, James R.↗

NASA NTRS2007

The Effects of Blood Glucose Levels on Cognitive Performance: A Review of the Literature

The purpose of this review paper is to discuss the research literature on the effects of blood glucose levels on executive and non-executive functions in humans. The review begins with a brief description of blood glucose, how it has been studied, previous syntheses of prior studies, and basic results regarding the role of blood glucose on cognitive functioning. The following sections describe work that investigated the effect of blood glucose on both non-executive and executive functions (e.g., sensory processing, psychomotor functioning, attention, vigilance, memory, language and communication, judgement and decision-making, and complex task performance). Within each section, summaries of the findings and challenges to the literature are included. Measurement conversions of blood glucose levels, blood glucose values, and associated symptoms are depicted. References to the types of tests used to investigate blood glucose and cognitive performance are provided. For more detailed descriptions of references within (and in addition to) this paper, an annotated bibliography is also provided. Several moderator variables including individual differences and contextual variables related to the effects of blood glucose levels on performance (e.g., age, gender, time of day, familiarity with the task and symptom awareness, expectancy effects, dose dependent effects, time dependent effects, task specific effects, rising and falling blood glucose levels, and speed and/or accuracy trade-offs) are addressed later in the paper. Some suggestions for future experimental methodologies are also made.

Feldman, Jolene↗

DOE OSTI2017

Cross-instrument Analysis Correlation Software

McJunkin, Timothy R.↗

DOE OSTI2017

Economic Assessment of Nuclear Hybrid Energy Systems: Optimization using RAVEN

The energy market supply is under pressure to achieve competing goals, such as minimizing the cost of electricity and greenhouse gas emissions while achieving grid resilience and reliability and meeting regulatory requirements. To study different scenarios for possible evolutions of the energy market that assume a certain renewable penetration and the possible introduction of hybrid nuclear reactors, the HYBRID modeling and simulation project has been initiated by INL. The term hybrid nuclear reactor here refers to nuclear power plants that not only produce electricity, but can also sell heat to an industrial process, like a hydrogen generation or water desalination plant. The RAVEN (Risk Analysis Virtual Environment) code developed at INL together with the modeling language Modelica (the Dymola compiler is used) have been selected as the main modeling tools for the HYBRID modeling and simulation project. This summary outlines the challenge, presents an overview of the developments in the RAVEN code needed to solve it and shows an illustrative example calculation. The HYBRID modeling and simulation project is a multi laboratory effort, involving research teams from three different U.S. national laboratories, led by the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) and supported by the Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗

DOE OSTI2025

ESAC (EQ-SANS Assisting Chatbot): Application of large language models and retrieval-augmented generation for enhanced user experience at EQ-SANS

Neutron scattering experiments have played vital roles in exploring materials properties in the past decades. While user interfaces have been improved over time, neutron scattering experiments still require specific knowledge or training by an expert due to the complexity of such advanced instrumentation and the limited number of experiments each person may perform each year. This paper introduces an innovative chatbot application that leverages Large Language Models(LLM) and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) technologies to significantly enhance the user experience at the EQ-SANS, a small-angle neutron scattering instrument at the Spallation Neutron Source of Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Through a user-centric design approach, the EQ-SANS Assisting Chatbot (ESAC) serves as an interactive reference for users, thereby facilitating the use of the instrument by visiting scientists. By bridging the gap between the users of EQ-SANS and the control systems required to perform their experiments, the ESAC sets a new standard for interactive learning and support for the scientific community using large-scale scientific facilities.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

NASA NTRS1993

Interactive DIF Generator

Interactive DIF Generator (IDG) computer program serves as utility to generate and manipulate directory interchange format (DIF) files. Creates and updates DIF files, sent to NASA's Master Directory, also referred to as International Global Change Directory at Goddard Space Flight Center. Many government and university data systems use Master Directory to advertise availability of research data. IDG is interactive software tool and requires mouse or trackball to operate. Written in C language.

Preheim, Larry E.↗