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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 163 records · Page 9
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2016

NASA and NSBRI's Kelly Twins Study: Progress Implementing the First Integrated Omics Pilot Demonstration Study in Space

This opportunity has emerged from NASA's decision to fly veteran NASA astronaut Scott Kelly aboard the International Space Station (ISS) for a period of one year commencing in March 2015, while his identical twin brother, retired NASA astronaut Mark Kelly, remains on Earth. Scott Kelly, a veteran of two Space Shuttle flights as well as a six-month ISS mission, will have a cumulative duration of 540 days in low Earth orbit at the conclusion of the one-year flight, while Mark Kelly, a veteran of four Space Shuttle flights, has a cumulative duration of 54 days ( 2 hours and 4 minutes) in low Earth orbit. This opportunity originated at the initiative of the twin astronauts themselves

Scott, Graham B. I.↗
NASA NTRS2017

Beyond DNA Sequencing in Space: Current and Future Omics Capabilities of the Biomolecule Sequencer Payload

Why do we need a DNA sequencer to support the human exploration of space? (A) Operational environmental monitoring; (1) Identification of contaminating microbes, (2) Infectious disease diagnosis, (3) Reduce down mass (sample return for environmental monitoring, crew health, etc.). (B) Research; (1) Human, (2) Animal, (3) Microbes/Cell lines, (4) Plant. (C) Med Ops; (1) Response to countermeasures, (2) Radiation, (3) Real-time analysis can influence medical intervention. (C) Support astrobiology science investigations; (1) Technology superiorly suited to in situ nucleic acid-based life detection, (2) Functional testing for integration into robotics for extraplanetary exploration mission.

Wallace, Sarah↗
NASA NTRS2019

The Omics of Stem Cell Mediated Regeneration: A Pilot Single Cell RNA-Seq Study of Mechanotransduction

Mechanical forces are potent modulators of stem cell based tissue regenerative mechanisms, inducing cell fate decisions and tissue specific commitment. A unique platform for investigating mechanotransduction is spaceflight, where microgravity and altered fluid mechanics provide a loading-null experimental condition. Seminal investigations of regenerative capacity in a wholly regenerative species, the newt model, and in a variety of totipotent and adult stem cell populations have demonstrated the detrimental effects of unloading on maintenance of stem cell based regeneration. Of particular interest is the observation that unloading interferes with the transition of stem cell pools from proliferative state to differentiation commitment. In this work we sought to test the hypothesis that gravity mechanotransduction regulates stem cell tissue regenerative processes by modulating stem cell proliferation and differentiation fates at specific cell cycle stages. To do this, clonally-derived ESCs were plated on a collagen matrix and expanded for 36 hours before re-plating on a non-adherent culture dish in the absence of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) to form spheroid aggregate EBs. After formation, the EBs were transferred to a collagen matrix coated culture dishes and given 4 days to allow implantation and outgrowth. In parallel, totipotent ESCs were plated 24 hours before mechanical stimulation on collagen matrix culture dishes in the presence of LIF to maintain totipotency and serve as un-differentiation committed controls. The EBs and ESCs were then subjected to either a 60 minute pulse of gravity (static loading) or 60 minutes of cyclic stretch (dynamic loading) mechanotransduction. Six hours post-stimulation, we used a 10X Genomics Single Cell controller to generate bar-coded single cell Illumina libraries and sequenced expressomes for 5,000 static loaded cells, representative of a change in gravity mechanotransduction, 5,000 dynamic loaded cells, representative of tissue loading associate with physiologic function, and 5,000 unstimulated 1g control cells. The comparison of these 3 libraries by cluster assignment based on like gene expression patterns show substantial alteration in cluster geometry due to mechanical loading. Specifically the mechanically loaded EB outgrowth cells to retain potency markers (PAX6, SOX2, CD34) and suppress early commitment markers (Dhh, VCAN, Igf1). Whereas the EBs cultured under the non-stimulated conditions display clear departure from the ESC expressome with lineage commitment markers upregulated and several tissue specific markers being expressed (BMP "early musculoskeletal development, Mesp1" early cardiovascular cell lineage). These markers are not seen in the mechano-stimulated cultures or the totipotent ESC cultures. Comparison of like clusters between our experimental conditions revealed an array of regenerative and stem cell genes are significantly mechano-regulated. Of particular importance CDKN1a/p21, a gene shown by previous investigation of our research team to be significantly upregulated in unloading, was suppressed in the static and dynamic loaded EBS. In addition to CDKN1a/p21 many genes related to cell cycle and transitory differentiation markers had elevated expression in the mechano-stimulated EBs, but surprisingly these trends were not observed in the ESC cultures. This study is the first of its kind investigating for mechano-signaling and mechano-regulated pathways, and has alre

Single cell RNA-sequecing↗