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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 163 records · Page 9
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Development and performance of a 2.9 Tesla dipole magnet using high-temperature superconducting CORC® wires

Although the high-temperature superconducting (HTS) REBa 2 Cu 3 O x (REBCO, RE-rare earth elements) material has a strong potential to enable dipole magnetic fields above 20 T in future circular particle colliders, the magnet and conductor technology needs to be developed. As part of an ongoing development to address this need, here we report on our CORC® canted cosθ magnet called C2 with a target dipole field of 3 T in a 65 mm aperture. The magnet was wound with 70 m of 3.8 mm diameter CORC® wire on machined metal mandrels. The wire had 30 commercial REBCO tapes from SuperPower Inc. each 2 mm wide with a 30 µm thick substrate. The magnet generated a peak dipole field of 2.91 T at 6.290 kA, 4.2 K. The magnet could be consistently driven into the flux-flow regime with reproducible voltage rise at an engineering current density between 400-550 A mm -2 , allowing reliable quench detection and magnet protection. The C2 magnet represents another successful step towards the development of high-field accelerator magnet and CORC® conductor technologies. The test results highlighted two development needs: continue improving the performance and flexibility of CORC® wires and develop the capability to identify locations of first onset of flux-flow voltage.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2025

Non-Equilibrium Effects in Quantum Magnets

While most often the state of a material will tend toward an equilibrium determined by its environment, there are many cases of scientific and technological interest where materials are manipulated to be or are found in non-equilibrium configurations. For example, data can be stored in hard drives by deliberately altering the magnetic orientation in a material to store information in non-equilibrium pattern. In this project, the main goals were studies of non-equilibrium properties of quantum magnets using neutron scattering as the primary experimental method. Neutron scattering allows characterization of magnetic correlation lengths sensitive to the presence of defects. It can also be used to distinguish equilibrium from non-equilibrium states via energy transfer rates. Typical bulk state magnetization relaxation times are too short to perform many neutron scattering measurements of interest. To enable the study of non-equilibrium conditions, materials with longer magnetic relaxation times were targeted. CoNb 2 O 6 was used in two experiments related to non-equilibrium physics. In the first, evidence for defects created via the Kibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM) was sought by quenching across a magnetic field-dependent phase transition. Somewhat unexpectedly, clear evidence for KZM-induced defects was absent. Additional measurements of CoNb 2 O 6 were made to better characterize its crystal field and other properties to provide a better theoretical understanding to enable more effective non-equilibrium physics measurements. In another project, LiHo 0.45 Y 0.55 F 4 was used to compare a quantum annealing protocol to a thermal annealing one since magnetic fields can be used to control the thermal fluctuations in LiHo 0.45 Y 0.55 F 4 . In addition, a new pulsed magnet power supply and new techniques were developed suitable for neutron scattering experimental environments to enable faster magnetic field changes for producing non-equilibrium conditions. The power supply developed for this project has wider technological applications in addition to faster magnetic field ramps.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2021

A magnon scattering platform

Significance This work describes a general scattering platform that uses magnons to explore the underlying properties of target materials. In this work we show how both phase and amplitude of magnons can be imaged using a nitrogen vacancy center magnetometer and how the scattered pattern of waves can be used to infer geometric and magnetic properties of a target material. To demonstrate this new experimental methodology we use a permalloy disk as our target and show that even with such a simple target unexpected behavior is observed. In addition, we provide a theoretical framework to reconstruct the properties of the target.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2026

Structure of Self-Generated Magnetic Fields in Laser-Solid Interaction from Proton Tomography

Self-generated magnetic fields in laser-solid interactions are experimentally characterized to reveal the 3D location and local field strength, rather than path-integrated quantities, using multi-view proton radiography and tomographic inversion. We infer magnetic fields that extend several millimeters off the target into the hot, rarefied corona, sufficient to strongly magnetize the plasma (Ω e τ e ≫ 1). The data are compared to MHD simulations incorporating recent improvements in modeling magnetic field generation and transport; the volume-averaged coronal field strength and magnetic flux agree to within 25% using a model with magnetic re-localization of transport, although the near-target morphology is not reproduced. This work demonstrates tomographic proton radiography as a valuable tool for investigating magnetic fields in laser-produced plasmas.

High-energy-density plasmas↗
DOE OSTI2022

High repetition rate exploration of the Biermann battery effect in laser produced plasmas over large spatial regions

Abstract In this paper we present a high repetition rate experimental platform for examining the spatial structure and evolution of Biermann-generated magnetic fields in laser-produced plasmas. We have extended the work of prior experiments, which spanned over millimeter scales, by spatially measuring magnetic fields in multiple planes on centimeter scales over thousands of laser shots. Measurements with magnetic flux probes show azimuthally symmetric magnetic fields that range from 60 G at 0.7 cm from the target to 7 G at 4.2 cm from the target. The expansion rate of the magnetic fields and evolution of current density structures are also mapped and examined. Electron temperature and density of the laser-produced plasma are measured with optical Thomson scattering and used to directly calculate a magnetic Reynolds number of $1.4\times {10}^4$ , confirming that magnetic advection is dominant at $\ge 1.5$ cm from the target surface. The results are compared to FLASH simulations, which show qualitative agreement with the data.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2025

Development of Design for the STS Extraction Magnet System

The Oak Ridge National Laboratory Second Target Station Project will enhance the Spallation Neutron Source by adding a new neutron source. The upgrade includes a 30% increase in beam energy and a 50% boost in beam current, doubling the accelerator's power capability to 2.8 MW. The Ring-to-Second-Target Beam Transport (RTST) system is vital in directing high-energy proton beams to the target. A key element of the RTST system is the extraction magnets, which are tasked with precise beam extraction and transport. Within the framework of this work, Fermilab is responsible for carrying out the development of 3 types of magnets: Pulsed Dipole, Large Aperture Quadrupole and Narrow Quadrupole.

Chemenok, Vitalii [Unlisted, US]↗
DOE OSTI2021

Magneto mitochondrial dysfunction mediated cancer cell death using intracellular magnetic nano-transducers

Mitochondria are crucial regulators of the intrinsic pathway of cancer cell death. The high sensitivity of cancer cells to mitochondrial dysfunction offers opportunities for emerging targets in cancer therapy. Herein, magnetic nano-transducers, which convert external magnetic fields into physical stress, are designed to induce mitochondrial dysfunction to remotely kill cancer cells. Spindle-shaped iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized to maximize cellular internalization and magnetic transduction. The magneto-mechanical transduction of nano-transducers in mitochondria enhances cancer cell apoptosis by promoting a mitochondrial quality control mechanism, referred to as mitophagy. Furthermore, in the liver cancer animal model, nano-transducers are infused into the local liver tumor via the hepatic artery. After treatment with a magnetic field, in vivo mitophagy-mediated cancer cell death was also confirmed by mitophagy markers, mitochondrial DNA damage assay, and TUNEL staining of tissues. This study is expected to contribute to the development of nanoparticle-mediated mitochondria-targeting cancer therapy and biological tools, such as magneto-genetics.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

LaserNetUS Collaboration Network—University of Rochester (Final Report)

LaserNetUS Collaborative Network established in 2018 is a network of high-power laser facilities supported by the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Fusion Energy Sciences (FES) and operating effectively as a user facility. Its mission is to advance and promote intense laser science and applications by providing scientists and students with broad access to unique facilities and enabling technologies, advancing the frontiers of laser-science research, and fostering collaboration among researchers and networks from around the world. Users who submit proposals through an annual call are selected by an external and independent proposal review panel (PRP) not involving personnel from any of the facilities. Besides the Omega Laser Facility at the University of Rochester’s Laboratory for Laser Energetics (UR/LLE), the network during this project period includes high-intensity laser facilities from six other universities and three national laboratories, namely, the Colorado State University (CSU), the University of Michigan (UM), the University of Nebraska at Lincoln (UNL), The Ohio State University (OSU), Université du Québec, the University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC) and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), respectively. The network facilities span a wide range in laser pulse energy, pulse duration, repetition rate, and experimental diagnostic equipment enabling innovative research in a variety of exciting areas. Details of the LaserNetUS facilities, organization and committees, events, and accomplishments can be found at the network website (https://lasernetus.org/). A very important role that the LaserNetUS fulfills is the training of students and young scientists who will be key for the future development of laser-plasma science and high-power laser technology itself. The network provides these students not only with access to the most advanced instrumentation and laser facilities, but also the opportunities to interact and collaborate with students from other institutions and with a large group of experienced scientists. As the largest university-based laser users’ facility in the world, the Omega Laser Facility at the UR/LLE has served the high-energy-density physics (HEDP) and inertial fusion science community for nearly 40 years. The multi-beam multi-kJ OMEGA EP Laser System brings unique capabilities to the LaserNetUS network. The combination of high intensity and high energy in short- and long-pulse operation together with solid or gas-jet targets and externally applied magnetic fields provides users a wide domain of experimental conditions. This award provides a total of eight shot days on OMEGA EP for LaserNetUS users. During the award period of performance (June 2019–November 2021), seven teams have fully utilized the eight shot days for their unique science experiments on OMEGA EP with a total of 83 target shots. These experiments involve 13 graduate students, two undergraduate students and six postdoctoral researchers. Results have been widely disseminated at international conferences including LaserNetUS annual meeting (~20 presentations including three invited), and in peer-reviewed journal publications (three published with several manuscripts in preparation).

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Magnetic Field Mapping Design for the MOLLER Spectrometer Magnets at Jefferson Lab

The Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab) has developed a unique spectrometer system to study the weak interaction between electrons. The "Measurement of Lepton-Lepton Electroweak Reaction" (MOLLER) experiment, utilizing JLab's recent 12 GeV electron beam upgrade, is scheduled to operate for three years. Central to the MOLLER experiment are five water-cooled toroidal magnets, each with a unique geometry and seven-fold symmetry, designed to focus the particles. These magnets generate the magnetic field needed to separate incident beam electrons scattered from target electrons (Møller scattering) and protons (elastic e-p scattering) within a liquid hydrogen target. Here, this paper details the magnet field measuring technique developed to map all five MOLLER toroidal magnets at multiple locations inside and along the bore. It covers the design, mounting, and operation of the probe, along with the calibration procedure to determine the field and to prepare a field map for GEANT4 analysis. Additionally, the paper addresses the challenges of accurately measuring low magnetic fields.

Ghoshal, Probir K. [Thomas Jefferson National Acce↗
NASA NTRS1984

Stereo Electro-optical Tracking System (SETS)

The SETS is a remote, non-contacting, high-accuracy tracking system for the measurement of deflection of models in the National Transonic Facility at Langley Research Center. The system consists of four electronically scanned image dissector trackers which locate the position of Light Emitting Diodes embedded in the wing or body of aircraft models. Target location data is recorded on magnetic tape for later 3-D processing. Up to 63 targets per model may be tracked at typical rates of 1280 targets per second and to precision of 0.02mm at the target under the cold (-193 C) environment of the NTF tunnel.

Koenig, E. W.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Macroscopic electric charge separation during hypervelocity impacts: Potential implications for planetary paleomagnetism

The production of transient magnetic fields by hypervelocity meteoroid impact has been proposed to possibly explain the presence of paleomagnetic fields in certain lunar samples as well as across broader areas of the lunar surface. In an effort to understand the lunar magnetic record, continued experiments at the NASA Ames Vertical Gun Range allow characterizing magnetic fields produced by the 5 km/s impacts of 0.32-0.64 cm projectiles over a broad range of impact angles and projectile/target compositions. From such studies, another phenomenon has emerged, macroscopic electric charge separation, that may have importance for the magnetic state of solid-body surfaces. This phenomenon was observed during explosive cratering experiments, but the magnetic consequences of macroscopic electric charge separation (as opposed to plasma production) during explosion and impact cratering have not, to our knowledge, been explored before now. It is straightforward to show that magnetic field production due to this process may scale as a weakly increasing function of impactor kinetic energy, although more work is needed to precisely assess the scaling dependence. The original intent of our experiments was to assess the character of purely electrostatic signals for comparison with inferred electrostatic noise signals acquired by shielded magnetic sensors buried within particulate dolomite targets. The results demonstrated that electrostatic noise does affect the magnetic sensors but only at relatively short distances (less than 4 cm) from the impact point (our magnetic studies are generally performed at distances greater than approximately 5.5 cm). However, to assess models for magnetic field generation during impact, measurements are needed of the magnetic field as close to the impact point as possible; hence, work with an improved magnetic sensor design is in progress. In this paper, we focus on electric charge separation during hypervelocity impacts as a potential transient magnetic field production mechanism in its own right.

Crawford, D. A.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Phase stability and magnetic and electronic properties of a spark plasma sintered CoFe – P soft magnetic alloy

More efficient power conversion devices are able to transmit greater electrical power across larger distances to satisfy growing global electrical needs. A critical requirement to achieve more efficient power conversion are the soft magnetic materials used as core materials in transformers, inductors, and motors. To that effect it is well known that the use of non-equilibrium microstructures, which are, for example, nanocrystalline or consist of single phase solid solutions, can yield high saturation magnetic polarization and high electrical resistivity necessary for more efficient soft magnetic materials. In this work, we synthesized CoFe – P soft magnetic alloys containing nanocrystalline, single phase solid solution microstructures and studied the effect of a secondary intermetallic phase on the saturation magnetic polarization and electrical resistivity of the consolidated alloy. Single phase solid solution CoFe – P alloys were prepared through mechanically alloying metal powders and phase decomposition was observed after subsequent consolidation via spark plasma sintering (SPS) at various temperatures. The secondary intermetallic phase was identified as the orthorhombic (Co x Fe 1-x ) 2 P phase and the magnetic properties of the (Co x Fe 1-x ) 2 P intermetallic phase were found to be detrimental to the soft magnetic properties of the targeted CoFe – P alloy.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2026

Rare‐Earth Reduction in High‐Speed PM‐Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motors Using Hybrid Magnet Strategies and Design Optimisation for 800 V EVs

The trend towards electrifying transportation systems has stimulated research endeavours aimed at developing electric machines that are not only high speed and efficient but also low‐cost and compact. To support this transition, the US Department of Energy (DOE) has established ambitious targets of $7/kW cost and 12 kW/L power density for the electric drivetrains. This paper attempts to meet these targets by proposing high‐speed permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance machine (PMASynRM) topologies enabled by hybrid magnet strategies, combining rare‐earth (RE) magnets with low‐cost, RE‐free alternatives. Modified 2‐layer and 3‐layer U‐shaped rotor configurations, featuring structural reinforcements to withstand high mechanical stress at elevated speeds, are developed. A multi‐objective design optimisation framework is employed to optimise the rotor design, targeting reductions in RE magnet volume, magnet demagnetisation risk and torque ripple while achieving the desired electromagnetic performance. A comprehensive analysis of the optimised rotor designs, compared against a 16,000 rpm, 800 V baseline IPM motor, shows over 70% RE reduction, demagnetisation risk below 3.5% and torque ripple under 10%. Detailed analyses of performance trends across various magnet combinations and rotor configurations highlight the viability of hybrid magnet PMASynRM designs as cost‐effective, robust and energy‐efficient solutions for next‐generation EVs.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Investigation of magnetic noise from conductive shields in the 10–300 kHz frequency range

Here we present experimental and theoretical investigations of magnetic noise originating from radio-frequency (RF) conductive shields of flat geometry in the inductance-dominated impedance regime below 300 kHz. The measurement is based on a Q-factor determination of a coil that provides a sufficient sensitivity, placed at the position where the shield magnetic noise is measured. The theory is based on calculations of magnetic field and inductance of one or a few flat rings that emulate a conductive shield. The theoretical model is found to be in close agreement with experimental data. It can be used to predict the magnetic noise of a conductive shield with different thicknesses, conductivities, and temperatures at different distances for a wide range of frequencies. Although the model can be generalized for a more arbitrary shield geometry, in its presented form, it can be applied to the magnetic noise predictions when the shield surface curvature is not large. One important conclusion is that the RF conductive shield can generate the magnetic noise much lower than femtotesla, and, thus, it can be used in many precision experiments targeting minute high-frequency magnetic signals, such as detection of magnetic resonance imaging and nuclear quadrupole resonance signals and search for axion dark matter.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2025

Physics Prospects for a near-term Proton-Proton Collider

Hadron colliders at the energy frontier offer significant discovery potential through precise measurements of Standard Model processes and direct searches for new particles and interactions. A future hadron collider would enhance the exploration of particle physics at the electroweak scale and beyond, potentially uniting the community around a common project. The LHC has already demonstrated precision measurement and new physics search capabilities well beyond its original design goals and the HL-LHC will continue to usher in new advancements. This document highlights the physics potential of an FCC-hh machine to directly follow the HL-LHC. In order to reduce the timeline and costs, the physics impact of lower collider energies, down to $\sim 50$~TeV, is evaluated. Lower centre-of-mass energy could leverage advanced magnet technology to reduce both the cost and time to the next hadron collider. Such a machine offers a breadth of physics potential and would make key advancements in Higgs measurements, direct particle production searches, and high-energy tests of Standard Model processes. Most projected results from such a hadron-hadron collider are superior to or competitive with other proposed accelerator projects and this option offers unparalleled physics breadth. The FCC program should lay out a decision-making process that evaluates in detail options for proceeding directly to a hadron collider, including the possibility of reducing energy targets and staging the magnet installation to spread out the cost profile.

FOS: Physical sciences↗
DOE OSTI2020

w18_plxa Final Report Viewgraphs [Slides]

For our fusion concept, we want to look at the influence of: 1) Density perturbations of the liner [shell that pushes on the target to get the target to fusion conditions] and 2) Magnetic field and anisotropic conductivity effects. On the compression of the target (final ion temperatures, without nuclear reaction calculations)

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2021

Deep-learning-enabled Bayesian inference of fuel magnetization in magnetized liner inertial fusion

Fuel magnetization in magneto-inertial fusion (MIF) experiments improves charged burn product confinement, reducing requirements on fuel areal density and pressure to achieve self-heating. By elongating the path length of 1.01 MeV tritons produced in a pure deuterium fusion plasma, magnetization enhances the probability for deuterium–tritium reactions producing 11.8-17.1 MeV neutrons. Nuclear diagnostics thus enable a sensitive probe of magnetization. Characterization of magnetization, including uncertainty quantification, is crucial for understanding the physics governing target performance in MIF platforms, such as magnetized liner inertial fusion (MagLIF) experiments conducted at Sandia National Laboratories, Z-facility. We demonstrate a deep-learned surrogate of a physics-based model of nuclear measurements. A single model evaluation is reduced from O ( 10 – 100 ) (10–100) CPU hours on a high-performance computing cluster down to O ( 10 – 100 ) (10) ms on a laptop. This enables a Bayesian inference of magnetization, rigorously accounting for uncertainties from surrogate modeling and noisy nuclear measurements. The approach is validated by testing on synthetic data and comparing with a previous study. We analyze a series of MagLIF experiments systematically varying preheat, resulting in the first ever systematic experimental study of magnetic confinement properties of the fuel plasma as a function of fundamental inputs on any neutron-producing MIF platform. We demonstrate that magnetization decreases from B R ∼ 0.2 ~0.5 to B R ∼ 0.2 ~0.2 MG cm as laser preheat energy deposited increases from E preheat ∼ 460 ~460 J to E preheat ∼ 460 ~1.4 kJ. This trend is consistent with 2D LASNEX simulations showing Nernst advection of the magnetic field out of the hot fuel and diffusion into the target liner.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗