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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 163 records · Page 9
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1972

Speed in Information Processing with a Computer Driven Visual Display in a Real-time Digital Simulation

Information transfer between the operator and computer-generated display systems is an area where the human factors engineer discovers little useful design data relating human performance to system effectiveness. This study utilized a computer-driven, cathode-ray-tube graphic display to quantify human response speed in a sequential information processing task. The performance criteria was response time to sixteen cell elements of a square matrix display. A stimulus signal instruction specified selected cell locations by both row and column identification. An equal probable number code, from one to four, was assigned at random to the sixteen cells of the matrix and correspondingly required one of four, matched keyed-response alternatives. The display format corresponded to a sequence of diagnostic system maintenance events, that enable the operator to verify prime system status, engage backup redundancy for failed subsystem components, and exercise alternate decision-making judgements. The experimental task bypassed the skilled decision-making element and computer processing time, in order to determine a lower bound on the basic response speed for given stimulus/response hardware arrangement.

Kyle, R. G.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Perceptual factors that influence use of computer enhanced visual displays

This document is the final report for the NASA/Langley contract entitled 'Perceptual Factors that Influence Use of Computer Enhanced Visual Displays.' The document consists of two parts. The first part contains a discussion of the problem to which the grant was addressed, a brief discussion of work performed under the grant, and several issues suggested for follow-on work. The second part, presented as Appendix I, contains the annual report produced by Dr. Ann Fulop, the Postdoctoral Research Associate who worked on-site in this project. The main focus of this project was to investigate perceptual factors that might affect a pilot's ability to use computer generated information that is projected into the same visual space that contains information about real world objects. For example, computer generated visual information can identify the type of an attacking aircraft, or its likely trajectory. Such computer generated information must not be so bright that it adversely affects a pilot's ability to perceive other potential threats in the same volume of space. Or, perceptual attributes of computer generated and real display components should not contradict each other in ways that lead to problems of accommodation and, thus, distance judgments. The purpose of the research carried out under this contract was to begin to explore the perceptual factors that contribute to effective use of these displays.

Littman, David↗
NASA NTRS1976

Orbit Modelling for Satellites Using the NASA Prediction Bulletins

For some satellites the NASA Prediction Bulletins are the only means available to the general user for obtaining orbital information. A computational interface between the information given in the NASA Prediction Bulletins and standard orbit determination programs is provided. Such an interface is necessary to obtain accurate orbit predictions. The theoretical considerations and their computational verification in this interface modelling are presented. This analysis was performed in conjunction with satellite aided search and rescue position location experiments where accurate orbits of the Amateur Satellite Corporation (AMSAT) OSCAR-6 and OSCAR-7 spacecraft are a prerequisite.

Bonavito, N. L.↗
NASA NTRS1987

An overview of the information management component of RICIS

Information management is the RICIS (Research Institute for Computing and Information Systems) research area which covers four types of tasks initiated during the first year of research: (1) surveys - a description of the existing state of some area in computing and information systems; (2) forecasts - a description of the alternative future states of some area; (3) plans - an approach to accomplishing some objective in the future; and (4) demonstrations - working prototypes and field trials to study the feasibility and the benefits of a particular information system. The activity in these research areas is described.

Bishop, Peter C.↗
NASA NTRS2003

Perspectives on Emerging/Novel Computing Paradigms and Future Aerospace Workforce Environments

The accelerating pace of the computing technology development shows no signs of abating. Computing power reaching 100 Tflop/s is likely to be reached by 2004 and Pflop/s (10(exp 15) Flop/s) by 2007. The fundamental physical limits of computation, including information storage limits, communication limits and computation rate limits will likely be reached by the middle of the present millennium. To overcome these limits, novel technologies and new computing paradigms will be developed. An attempt is made in this overview to put the diverse activities related to new computing-paradigms in perspective and to set the stage for the succeeding presentations. The presentation is divided into five parts. In the first part, a brief historical account is given of development of computer and networking technologies. The second part provides brief overviews of the three emerging computing paradigms grid, ubiquitous and autonomic computing. The third part lists future computing alternatives and the characteristics of future computing environment. The fourth part describes future aerospace workforce research, learning and design environments. The fifth part lists the objectives of the workshop and some of the sources of information on future computing paradigms.

Noor, Ahmed K.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Generalized measure of quantum Fisher information

Here, we present a lower bound on the quantum Fisher information (QFI) which is efficiently computable on near-term quantum devices. This bound itself is of interest, as we show that it satisfies the canonical criteria of a QFI measure. Specifically, it is essentially a QFI measure for subnormalized states, and hence it generalizes the standard QFI in this sense. Our bound employs the generalized fidelity applied to a truncated state, which is constructed via the m largest eigenvalues and their corresponding eigenvectors of the probe quantum state ρ θ . Focusing on unitary families of exact states, we analyze the properties of our proposed lower bound, and demonstrate its utility for efficiently estimating the QFI.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2025

Quantum graph learning and algorithms applied in quantum computer sciences and image classification

Graph and network theory play a fundamental role in quantum computer sciences, including quantum information and computation. Random graphs and complex network theory are pivotal in predicting novel quantum phenomena, where entangled links are represented by edges. Quantum algorithms have been developed to enhance solutions for various network problems, giving rise to quantum graph computing and quantum graph learning (QGL). Here, in this review, we explore graph theory and graph learning methods as powerful tools for quantum computers to generate efficient solutions to problems beyond the reach of classical systems. We delve into the development of quantum complex network theory and its applications in quantum computation, materials discovery, and research. We also discuss quantum machine learning (QML) methodologies for effective image classification using qubits, quantum gates, and quantum circuits. Additionally, the paper addresses the challenges of QGL and algorithms, emphasizing the steps needed to develop flexible QGL solvers. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the fields of QGL and QML, highlights recent advancements, and identifies opportunities for future research.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
NASA NTRS1987

RICIS research

The principle focus of one of the RICIS (Research Institute for Computing and Information Systems) components is computer systems and software engineering in-the-large of the lifecycle of large, complex, distributed systems which: (1) evolve incrementally over a long time; (2) contain non-stop components; and (3) must simultaneously satisfy a prioritized balance of mission and safety critical requirements at run time. This focus is extremely important because of the contribution of the scaling direction problem to the current software crisis. The Computer Systems and Software Engineering (CSSE) component addresses the lifestyle issues of three environments: host, integration, and target.

Mckay, Charles W.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Videofile for Law Enforcement

Components of a videotape storage and retrieval system originally developed for NASA have been adapted as a tool for law enforcement agencies. Ampex Corp., Redwood City, Cal., built a unique system for NASA-Marshall. The first application of professional broadcast technology to computerized record-keeping, it incorporates new equipment for transporting tapes within the system. After completing the NASA system, Ampex continued development, primarily to improve image resolution. The resulting advanced system, known as the Ampex Videofile, offers advantages over microfilm for filing, storing, retrieving, and distributing large volumes of information. The system's computer stores information in digital code rather than in pictorial form. While microfilm allows visual storage of whole documents, it requires a step before usage--developing the film. With Videofile, the actual document is recorded, complete with photos and graphic material, and a picture of the document is available instantly.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS2014

IT Security Support for the Spaceport Command Control Systems Development Ground Support Development Operations

Security is one of the most if not the most important areas today. After the several attacks on the United States, security everywhere has heightened from airports to the communication among the military branches legionnaires. With advanced persistent threats (APT's) on the rise following Stuxnet, government branches and agencies are required, more than ever, to follow several standards, policies and procedures to reduce the likelihood of a breach. Attack vectors today are very advanced and are going to continue to get more and more advanced as security controls advance. This creates a need for networks and systems to be in an updated and secured state in a launch control system environment. FISMA is a law that is mandated by the government to follow when government agencies secure networks and devices. My role on this project is to ensure network devices and systems are in compliance with NIST, as outlined in FISMA. I will achieve this by providing assistance with security plan documentation and collection, system hardware and software inventory, malicious code and malware scanning, and configuration of network devices i.e. routers and IDS's/IPS's. In addition, I will be completing security assessments on software and hardware, vulnerability assessments and reporting, and conducting patch management and risk assessments. A guideline that will help with compliance with NIST is the SANS Top 20 Critical Controls. SANS Top 20 Critical Controls as well as numerous security tools, security software and the conduction of research will be used to successfully complete the tasks given to me. This will ensure compliance with FISMA and NIST, secure systems and a secured network. By the end of this project, I hope to have carried out the tasks stated above as well as gain an immense knowledge about compliance, security tools, networks and network devices, as well as policies and procedures.

security↗
DOE OSTI2022

Physics Informed Neural Networks as Computational Physics Emulators

This report is a brief overview and evaluation of Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINNs). Karniadakis and co-workers, e.g., Karniadakis et al. (2021) assert that the PINNs approach integrates seamlessly both data and mathematical physics models, even in partially understood, uncertain and high-dimensional contexts. They further claim that PINNs are effective and efficient for ill-posed and inverse problems, and when combined with domain decomposition, are scalable to large problems and a tool to discover hidden physics. While they demonstrate the capabilities in specific academic instances, their overarching claims about PINNs seem to be an overstatement, at least at the current time. We have briefly considered a few of the limitations of PINNs in this investigation. It is not clear to us if the PINNs approach can ever be competitive with approaches that use specialized algorithms to achieve high-accuracy solutions of governing equations and other techniques that can combine observational data with such solutions. As an example of the latter, consistent with the principles of Bayesian inference, data assimilation, or more generally data-model fusion, is a process that fuses observational data typically with a computational model that respects certain constraints such as conservation laws. For example, improvements in observational network combined with data assimilation have been key in improving weather predictions over the past four decades Kalnay (2003).

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2023

Automated Progress Monitoring in Modular Construction Factories Using Computer Vision and Building Information Modeling

Modular construction methods have recently gained interest due to the advantages offered in terms of safety, quality, and productivity for projects. In this method, a significant portion of the construction is performed off-site in factories where modular components are built in different workstations, assembled on the production line, and shipped to the site for installation. Due to the labor-intensive nature of tasks, cycle times in modular construction factories are highly variable, which commonly leads to major bottlenecks and delays in construction projects. To remedy this effect, recent methods rely on sensors such as RFID to monitor the production process, which is reportedly expensive, and intrusive to the work process. Recently, computer vision-based methods have been proposed to track the production process in modular construction factories. However, these methods overlook monitoring the assembly process on the production line. Therefore, this paper presents a method to monitor the assembly process by integrating computer vision-based methods with Building Information Modeling (BIM). The proposed method detects the modular units using object segmentation; superimposes the installation area with the corresponding 2D region using BIM, and identifies the installation of the components using image processing techniques. The proposed method has been validated using surveillance videos captured from a modular construction factory in the US. Successful implementation of the proposed method can lead to timely identification of delays during the assembly process and reduce delays in modular integrated construction projects.

building information modeling↗
DOE OSTI2025

Quantum computing universal thermalization dynamics in a (2 + 1)D Lattice Gauge Theory

Simulating non-equilibrium phenomena in strongly-interacting quantum many-body systems, including thermalization, is a promising application of near-term and future quantum computation. By performing experiments on a digital quantum computer consisting of fully-connected optically-controlled trapped ions, we study the role of entanglement in the thermalization dynamics of a Z 2 lattice gauge theory in 2+1 spacetime dimensions. Using randomized-measurement protocols, we efficiently learn a classical approximation of non-equilibrium states that yields the gap-ratio distribution and the spectral form factor of the entanglement Hamiltonian. These observables exhibit universal early-time signals for quantum chaos, a prerequisite for thermalization. Our work, therefore, establishes quantum computers as robust tools for studying universal features of thermalization in complex many-body systems, including in gauge theories.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2023

Boundaries of quantum supremacy via random circuit sampling

Abstract Google’s quantum supremacy experiment heralded a transition point where quantum computers can evaluate a computational task, random circuit sampling, faster than classical supercomputers. We examine the constraints on the region of quantum advantage for quantum circuits with a larger number of qubits and gates than experimentally implemented. At near-term gate fidelities, we demonstrate that quantum supremacy is limited to circuits with a qubit count and circuit depth of a few hundred. Larger circuits encounter two distinct boundaries: a return of a classical advantage and practically infeasible quantum runtimes. Decreasing error rates cause the region of a quantum advantage to grow rapidly. At error rates required for early implementations of the surface code, the largest circuit size within the quantum supremacy regime coincides approximately with the smallest circuit size needed to implement error correction. Thus, the boundaries of quantum supremacy may fortuitously coincide with the advent of scalable, error-corrected quantum computing.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2023

Quantum reservoir computing implementation on coherently coupled quantum oscillators

Quantum reservoir computing is a promising approach for quantum neural networks, capable of solving hard learning tasks on both classical and quantum input data. However, current approaches with qubits suffer from limited connectivity. We propose an implementation for quantum reservoir that obtains a large number of densely connected neurons by using parametrically coupled quantum oscillators instead of physically coupled qubits. We analyze a specific hardware implementation based on superconducting circuits: with just two coupled quantum oscillators, we create a quantum reservoir comprising up to 81 neurons. We obtain state-of-the-art accuracy of 99% on benchmark tasks that otherwise require at least 24 classical oscillators to be solved. Our results give the coupling and dissipation requirements in the system and show how they affect the performance of the quantum reservoir. Beyond quantum reservoir computing, the use of parametrically coupled bosonic modes holds promise for realizing large quantum neural network architectures, with billions of neurons implemented with only 10 coupled quantum oscillators.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2024

Plant Metabolic Network 16: expansion of underrepresented plant groups and experimentally supported enzyme data

Abstract The Plant Metabolic Network (PMN) is a free online database of plant metabolism available at https://plantcyc.org. The latest release, PMN 16, provides metabolic databases representing >1200 metabolic pathways, 1.3 million enzymes, >8000 metabolites, >10 000 reactions and >15 000 citations for 155 plant and green algal genomes, as well as a pan-plant reference database called PlantCyc. This release contains 29 additional genomes compared with PMN 15, including species listed by the African Orphan Crop Consortium and nonflowering plant species. Furthermore, 52 new enzymes with experimentally supported function information have been included in this release. The single-species databases contain a combination of experimental information from the literature and computationally predicted information obtained through PMN’s database generation pipeline for a single species, while PlantCyc contains only experimental information but for any species within Viridiplantae. PMN is a comprehensive resource for querying, visualizing, analyzing and interpreting omics data with metabolic knowledge. It also serves as a useful and interactive tool for teaching plant metabolism.

Hawkins, Charles (ORCID:0000000312849047)↗