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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 163 records · Page 9
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2026

Model Validation Database for Fires Involving Fuels at Liquefied Natural Gas Facilities (Version 2)

This document provides a description of the model evaluation protocol (MEP) database for fires involving liquefied natural gas (LNG) and processing fuels at LNG facilities. The purpose of the MEP is to provide procedures regarding the assessment of a model’s suitability to predict thermal exclusion zones resulting from a fire. The database includes measurements from pool fire, jet fire, and fireball experiments which are provided in a spreadsheet. Users are to enter model results into the spreadsheet which automatically generates statistical performance measures and graphical comparisons with the experimental data. The intent of this document is to provide a description of the experiments and of the procedure required to carry out the validation portion of the MEP. In addition, the statistical performance measures, measurements for comparisons, and parameter variation are provided.

03 NATURAL GAS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Model Evaluation Protocol for Fire Models Involving Fuels at Liquefied Natural Gas Facilities (Version 2)

This document provides a description of the model evaluation protocol (MEP) for pool fires, jet fires, and fireballs involving liquefied natural gas (LNG) and processing fuels at LNG facilities. The purpose of the MEP is to provide procedures regarding the assessment of a model’s suitability to predict heat flux from fires. Three components, namely, a scientific assessment, model verification, and model validation comprise the MEP. The evaluation of a model satisfying these three components is to be documented in the form of a model evaluation report (MER). Discussion of models for the prediction of fire, detailed information on each of the three MEP components, the MEP procedure regarding new versions of previously approved models, and the format of the model evaluation report (MER) are provided.

03 NATURAL GAS↗
NASA NTRS1968

New data on Cyrillids.

Great Canadian Fireball Procession of February 9, 1913 from contemporary newspaper accounts

Okeefe, J. A.↗
NASA NTRS1968

Liquid-propellant explosions.

Hazard limits for liquid propellant explosions based on TNT values for propagation of shock wave, fireball and fragments

Fletcher, R. F.↗
NASA NTRS1971

Pyrotechnic hazards classification and evaluation program. Run-up reaction testing in pyrotechnic dust suspensions

A preliminary investigation of the parameters included in run-up dust reactions is presented. Two types of tests were conducted: (1) ignition criteria of large bulk pyrotechnic dusts, and (2) optimal run-up conditions of large bulk pyrotechnic dusts. These tests were used to evaluate the order of magnitude and gross scale requirements needed to induce run-up reactions in pyrotechnic dusts and to simulate at reduced scale an accident that occurred in a manufacturing installation. Test results showed that propagation of pyrotechnic dust clouds resulted in a fireball of relatively long duration and large size. In addition, a plane wave front was observed to travel down the length of the gallery.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1971

Rocket propulsion by thermonuclear micro-bombs ignited with intense relativistic electron beams.

Discussion of a method for the ignition of a thermonuclear microbomb by means of an intense relativistic electron beam with regard to its potential application to rocket propulsion. With such a system, exhaust velocities up to 1000 km/sec, corresponding to a specific impulse of 100,000 sec, seem to be within the realm of possibility. The rocket is propelled by a chain of thermonuclear microbombs exploded in a concave magnetic mirror produced by superconducting field coils. The magnetic pressure of the field reflects the fireball generated by the explosion. For the large capacitor bank required to generate the intense relativistic electron beam, a desirable lightweight design may be possible through use of ferroelectric materials. Because of the high cost of the T-D and He 3-D thermonuclear material, the system has to be optimized by minimizing the T-D and He 3-D consumption by a proper TD and He 3-D fuel to hydrogen propellant mass ratio, leading to a larger total system mass than would be absolutely necessary.

Winterberg, F.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Mercury contamination study for flight system safety

The effects and prevention of possible mercury pollution from the failure of solar electric propulsion spacecraft using mercury propellant were studied from tankage loading of post launch trajector injection. During preflight operations and initial flight mode there is little danger of mercury pollution if proper safety precautions are taken. Any spillage on the loading, mating, transportation, or launch pad areas is obvious and can be removed by vacuum cleaning soil and chemical fixing. Mercury spilled on Cape Kennedy ground soil will be chemically complexed and retained by the sandstone subsoil. A cover layer of sand or gravel on spilled mercury which has settled to the bottom of a water body adjacent to the system operation will control and eliminate the formation of toxic organic mercurials. Mercury released into the earth's atmosphere through leakage of a fireball will be diffused to low concentration levels. However, gas phase reactions of mercury with ozone could cause a local ozone depletion and result in serious ecological hazards.

Gorzynski, C. S., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Assembly and analysis of fragmentation data for liquid propellant vessels

Fragmentation data was assembled and analyzed for exploding liquid propellant vessels. These data were to be retrieved from reports of tests and accidents, including measurements or estimates of blast yield, etc. A significant amount of data was retrieved from a series of tests conducted for measurement of blast and fireball effects of liquid propellant explosions (Project PYRO), a few well-documented accident reports, and a series of tests to determine auto-ignition properties of mixing liquid propellants. The data were reduced and fitted to various statistical functions. Comparisons were made with methods of prediction for blast yield, initial fragment velocities, and fragment range. Reasonably good correlation was achieved. Methods presented in the report allow prediction of fragment patterns, given type and quantity of propellant, type of accident, and time of propellant mixing.

Baker, W. E.↗
NASA NTRS1973

A study of the origin, nature, and behavior of particulate matter and metallic atoms in the mesosphere, lower thermosphere, and at the mesopause

In a study of particulate matter and metallic atoms in the vicinity of the mesopause, three areas have received the most effort. These areas are: the significance of cometary dust influxes to the earth's atmosphere; the relation of nightglows to atmospheric motions and aerosols; and the feasibility of using an airborne resonant scatter lidar to study polar noctilucent clouds, the sodium layer, and fireball dust.

Poultney, S. K.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Cosmic dust in the atmosphere and in the interplanetary space at 1 AU today and in the early solar system

A description of techniques used in recent experiments to detect and analyze cosmic dust and micrometeorites is given and the results both from the study of lunar crater statistics and from in situ measurements are reviewed. The results from lunar crater statistics show an agreement with the results obtained from in situ measurements in interplanetary space and derived from zodiacal light measurements. The near earth results show an enhancement in the flux numbers. This can be caused either by secondary lunar debris or by disintegration of low density fireballs in the outer atmosphere.

Fechtig, H.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Possible detection of interstellar deuterium

The abundance of deuterium relative to hydrogen is an important parameter in constructing models of the early expansion of the universe in Big-Bang cosmologies. Calculations by Wagoner et al. (1967) and by Wagoner (1973) show that the deuterium abundance would be very sensitive to the density of baryons in the fireball and hence to the present mean mass density of the universe. Reeves et al. (1973) use data on the abundance of deuterium in the solar system to deduce a ratio of n sub D/n sub H = 1.8 plus or minus 0.8 x 10 to the minus 5 power, and note that other authors have pointed out that processing of matter in stars slowly reduces the deuterium abundance in the galaxy.

Cesarsky, D. A.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Statistical model of meteor streams. IV - A study of radio streams from the synoptic year

The paper gives a detailed description of a search procedure for radio meteor streams and reports the detection of 275 streams in a synoptic-year sample of 19,698 radio meteors observed by the radar system of the Radio Meteor Project at Havana, Illinois. The orbital elements and related parameters of the detected streams are presented, the two parameters of the D-distribution of the streams are determined, and their mean radiants are plotted. Possible associations between the streams and possible parent objects are identified; it is found that streams may be associated with seven periodic comets, five other comets, at least nine asteroids (especially Adonis), and several fireballs. The mean space density in the streams is found to be much lower than the sporadic density, although the central density may be considerably greater than the sporadic density. It is shown that the derived absolute stream-density values are in agreement with the order of magnitude of the space densities estimated from cometary production rates for solid material of comparable particle size.

Sekanina, Z.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Spectrum and isotropy of the submillimeter background radiation

Infrared evidence referable to the spectrum and isotropy of the background radiation of the universe is considered, along with theoretical implications. Difficulties in the submillimeter region are indicated. Two types of anisotropy are treated: small-scale granularity (attributable to discrete sources such as galaxies or to condensation in the primordial plasma) and large-scale anisotropies; the anisotropies are discussed as possible indicators of the early history of the universe, and in relation to future possible generalized Michelson-Morley experiments (to detect effects on local physics of the existence of a universal rest frame). A complete blackbody spectrum is seen as the clear signature of the primordial fireball, and slight deviations from a perfect thermal spectrum (or perfect isotropy) are to be sought and scrutinized.

Muehlner, D.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Magnetosphere boundary observations along the Imp 7 orbit. I - Boundary locations and wave level variations

The paper is concerned with magnetosphere boundary phenomena observed by the Imp 7 magnetic field, plasma, and plasma wave instruments in 1972 and 1973. Boundary locations for a 15-month period are surveyed, and the different types of crossings are described. The spacecraft crosses the dawn and dusk boundaries near 25 earth radii downstream, and the physical processes at the Imp 7 magnetopause appear to be intermediate between those observed over the poles and those observed at the lunar orbit. The Imp 7 orbit also traverses a downstream region near where 'fireball' phenomena occur. Electromagnetic wave modes detected in the broad low-frequency channel of the wave instrument are analyzed, and the interpretation of data of this type suggests that the broad low-frequency channel is sensitive to oscillations in the lower hybrid resonance region of the spectrum.

Scarf, F. L.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Albedos and size distribution of meteoroids from 0.3 to 4.8 AU

Observational data are compared on the distribution of very small micrometeoroids (1 billionth to 1 hundred-millionth g), the scattering source function of the zodiacal light, the distribution of larger micrometeoroids (at least 1 hundred-thousandth g) as observed from Helios A and Pioneer 10, and the distribution of meteoroids from the sample seen from earth. The experiments, analyses, and simulations involved in obtaining these data are described in detail. It is shown that the various groups of data can be reconciled only by small albedos that decrease outward from 0.1 to at least about 3.3 AU for the particles which produce both the zodiacal light and the observed meteors. The results also indicate that there must be a maximum in the distribution of the larger particles somewhere between the orbits of earth and Jupiter. It is suggested that a search for fireballs in Jupiter's atmosphere by the television cameras of the MJS 77 mission should aid in locating this maximum.

Cook, A. F.↗