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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 163 records · Page 9
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2018

Non-Proliferation Regime and Export Control

The barriers required to counter the threat of proliferation of nuclear weapons are examined. The most important barriers are the nuclear weapons non-proliferation treaty, the IAEA safeguard system, and the guiding principles of the Zangger committee and the nuclear suppliers groups. The principles of monitoring for the switching of nuclear materials from peaceful to military uses are fundamental and are applicable for nuclear power based on thermal as well as fast reactors.

98 NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT, SAFEGUARDS, AND PHYSICAL P↗
NASA NTRS2021

Grain export restrictions during COVID-19 risk food insecurity in many low and middle income countries

Global food security is threatened by the effects of COVID-19 on international agricultural supply chains and locusts destroying crops and livelihoods in the Horn of Africa and South Asia. We quantify the possible impacts on global supplies and prices of wheat, rice and maize. We show that local production declines have moderate impacts on global prices and supply – but trade restrictions and precautionary purchases by a few key actors could create global food price spikes and severe local food shortages.

Grain export restrictions↗
DOE OSTI2015

Hypothetical protein CT 398 ( C ds Z ) interacts with σ 54 ( R po N )‐holoenzyme and the type III secretion export apparatus in Chlamydia trachomatis

Abstract A significant challenge to bacteriology is the relatively large proportion of proteins that lack sufficient sequence similarity to support functional annotation (i.e. hypothetical proteins). The aim of this study was to apply protein structural homology to gain insights into a candidate protein of unknown function (CT398) within the medically important, obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis . C. trachomatis is a major human pathogen responsible for numerous infections throughout the world that can lead to blindness and infertility. A 2.12 Å crystal structure of hypothetical protein CT398 was determined that was comprised of N‐terminal coiled‐coil and C‐terminal Zn‐ribbon domains. The structure of CT398 displayed a high degree of structural similarity to FlgZ ( Fl a g ellar‐associated z inc‐ribbon domain protein) from Helicobacter pylori . This observation directed analyses of candidate protein partners of CT398, revealing interactions with two paralogous type III secretion system (T3SS) ATPase‐regulators (CdsL and FliH) and the alternative sigma factor RpoN (σ 54 ). Furthermore, genetic introduction of a conditional expression, affinity‐tagged construct into C. trachomatis enabled the purification of a CT398‐RpoN‐holoenzyme complex, suggesting a potential role for CT398 in modulating transcriptional activity during infection. The interactions reported here, in tandem with previous FlgZ studies in H. pylori , indicate that CT398 functions as a regulator of several key areas of chlamydial biology throughout the developmental cycle. Accordingly, we propose that CT398 be named CdsZ ( C ontact‐ d ependent s ecretion‐associated z inc‐ribbon domain protein).

Barta, Michael L.↗
DOE OSTI2026

Arctic shipping under global change: A case study of offshore oil exports

We explore impacts of sea ice thinning and evolutions in the energy sector on future use of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) versus the Suez Canal Route (SCR), using a case study of shipping oil extracted from the offshore Russian Arctic to China. We combine an integrated human-Earth system model with a shipping cost model to incorporate impacts on both oil production and shipping costs under internally consistent scenarios. We find that the NSR could become cost-competitive with the SCR as sea ice thickness declines, especially in an RCP8.5 scenario, due to decreasing fuel and icebreaker escort costs. In a global energy evolution scenario consistent with RCP2.6, high emissions costs on the longer SCR may outweigh the costs associated with thicker sea ice on the NSR. Our novel framework provides integrated projections of NSR shipping traffic driven by a specific commodity likely to be shipped through the Arctic.

Arctic↗