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At least 163 records · Page 9
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Low-Energy Cooling for Electron Ion Collider

Luminosity parameters at the highest hadron energy in the Electron Ion Collider (EIC) require a proton beam with a small vertical emittance. Such a small emittance can be obtained using the technique of electron cooling, by pre-cooling of the proton bunches at an injection energy of 23:8 GeV. After pre-cooling, the proton bunches are accelerated to the maximum energy for collisions. Once at the top energy, such proton bunches can be refilled frequently to maintain a high average luminosity, or, alternatively, cooling at the top energy could be provided with relaxed requirements of just counteracting the emittance growth due to Intra-Beam Scattering (IBS) and thus maintaining the luminosity close to its initial peak value. Presently, several schemes of cooling at the top energy of 275 GeV are being considered with the goal to maintain the initial proton beam parameters, thus relying on pre-cooling at the low energy to obtain such initial parameters of proton bunches. For the lowest proton collision energy of 41 GeV in the EIC, there is a need for an electron cooler which counteracts the beam emittance growth due to IBS. This can be achieved by the same electron cooler which is used for cooling of protons at 23.8 GeV. In this case, we assume the electron cooler rst pre-cools protons at an injection energy of 23.8 GeV and then, after acceleration, cools the 41 GeV protons, counteracting IBS and maintaining the beam emittances. In this report, we summarize a feasibility study of an electron cooler that would be needed to cool protons at 23.8 GeV to obtain a small vertical emittance, as well as to counteract beam growth due to IBS for collisions at 41 GeV. The traditional electron cooling system employed at a typical low-energy cooler is based on an electron beam generated with an electrostatic electron gun in DC operating mode, immersed in a longitudinal magnetic field. To cool protons at 23.8 and 41 GeV, electron beam energies of 13.0 and 22.3MeV, respectively, are required. Due to the technical limitations of static high-voltage acceleration, these beam energies require RF acceleration of a pulsed electron beam. Electron cooling using RF-accelerated electron bunches was recently successfully commissioned in RHIC, allowing us to consider such an approach for EIC low-energy electron cooling.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
NASA NTRS1979

CO2 and CO electron vibrational cooling rates

Electron cooling rates for electron vibrational excitation of CO2 and CO and rotational excitation of CO are calculated. Results of the calculation are expressed as closed form analytic relations that are both convenient for numerical calculations and valid over a wide range of electron and neutral temperatures. It is found that the cooling rates and their temperature dependences differ significantly from other calculations. For CO2, these differences are related mainly to the assumptions about the approach to equilibrium and not to the actual cross-section choices. For electron temperatures below 1000 K and gas temperatures near 300 K (representative of conditions in the Venus atmosphere, where collisional cooling of the electrons dominates), the CO2 cooling rate is as much as an order of magnitude larger than previously considered in ionospheric models.

Porter, H. S.↗
DOE OSTI2017

System for cooling hybrid vehicle electronics, method for cooling hybrid vehicle electronics

The invention provides a single radiator cooling system for use in hybrid electric vehicles, the system comprising a surface in thermal communication with electronics, and subcooled boiling fluid contacting the surface. The invention also provides a single radiator method for simultaneously cooling electronics and an internal combustion engine in a hybrid electric vehicle, the method comprising separating a coolant fluid into a first portion and a second portion; directing the first portion to the electronics and the second portion to the internal combustion engine for a time sufficient to maintain the temperature of the electronics at or below 175.degree. C.; combining the first and second portion to reestablish the coolant fluid; and treating the reestablished coolant fluid to the single radiator for a time sufficient to decrease the temperature of the reestablished coolant fluid to the temperature it had before separation.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗