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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 163 records · Page 9
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Endpoint Use Efficiency Comparison for AC and DC Power Distribution in Commercial Buildings

Advances in power electronics and their use in Miscellaneous Electric Loads (MELs) in buildings have resulted in increased interest in using low-voltage direct current (DC) power distribution as a replacement for the standard alternating current (AC) power distribution in buildings. Both systems require an endpoint converter to convert the distribution system voltage to the MELs voltage requirements. This study focused on the efficiency of these endpoint converters by testing pairs of AC/DC and DC/DC power converters powering the same load profile. In contrast to prior studies, which estimated losses based on data sheet efficiency and rated loads, in this study, we used part load data derived from real-world time-series load measurements of MELs and experimentally characterized efficiency curves for all converters. The measurements performed for this study showed no systematic efficiency advantage for commercially available DC/DC endpoint converters relative to comparable, commercially available AC/DC endpoint converters. For the eight appliances analyzed with the pair of converters tested, in 50%, the weighted energy efficiency of the DC/DC converter was higher, while, for the other 50%, the AC/DC converter was. Additionally, the measurements indicated that the common assumption of using either data sheet efficiency values or efficiency at full load may result in substantial mis-estimates of the system efficiency.

AC/DC converters↗
DOE OSTI2013

Screening and Spectral Summing of LANL Empty Waste Drums - 13226

Empty 55-gallon drums that formerly held transuranic (TRU) waste (often over-packed in 85- gallon drums) are generated at LANL and require radiological characterization for disposition. These drums are typically measured and analyzed individually using high purity germanium (HPGe) gamma detectors. This approach can be resource and time intensive. For a project requiring several hundred drums to be characterized in a short time frame, an alternative approach was developed. The approach utilizes a combination of field screening and spectral summing that was required to be technically defensible and meet the Nevada Nuclear Security Site (NNSS) Waste Acceptance Criteria (WAC). In the screening phase of the operation, the drums were counted for 300 seconds (compared to 600 seconds for the typical approach) and checked against Low Level (LL)/TRU thresholds established for each drum configuration and detector. Multiple TRU nuclides and multiple gamma rays for each nuclide were evaluated using an automated spreadsheet utility that can process data from up to 42 drums at a time. Screening results were reviewed by an expert analyst to confirm the field LL/TRU determination. The spectral summing analysis technique combines spectral data (channel-by-channel) associated with a group of individual waste containers producing a composite spectrum. The grouped drums must meet specific similarity criteria. Another automated spreadsheet utility was used to spectral sum data from an unlimited number of similar drums grouped together. The composite spectrum represents a virtual combined drum for the group of drums and was analyzed using the SNAP{sup TM}/Radioassay Data Sheet (RDS)/Batch Data Report (BDR) method. The activity results for a composite virtual drum were divided equally amongst the individual drums to generate characterization results for each individual drum in the group. An initial batch of approximately 500 drums were measured and analyzed in less than 2 months in 2011. A second batch of approximately 500 more drums were measured and analyzed during the following 2 1/2 months. Four different HPGe detectors were employed for the operation. The screening and spectral summing approach can reduce the overall measurement and analysis time required. However, developing the technical details and automation spreadsheets requires a significant amount of expert time prior to beginning field operations and must be considered in the overall project schedule. This approach has continued to be used for characterizing several hundred more empty drums in 2012 and is planned to continue in 2013. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2013

DRIVE Analysis Tool Generates Custom Vehicle Drive Cycles Based on Real-World Data (Fact Sheet)

This fact sheet from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory describes the Drive-Cycle Rapid Investigation, Visualization, and Evaluation (DRIVE) analysis tool, which uses GPS and controller area network data to characterize vehicle operation and produce custom vehicle drive cycles, analyzing thousands of hours of data in a matter of minutes.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2019

Guide for Employing High-Resolution Gamma Spectroscopy for 252Cf Source Age and Isotopic Composition

Californium-252 is commonly used as a calibration source for neutron coincidence and neutron multiplicity counting in nuclear safeguards. Accurate knowledge of the neutron emission rate, age, and isotopics of the source (i.e., “source term”) are important for ensuring the best possible accuracies in item assay results. Californium-252 sources are not usually measured using gamma spectrometry, because of the assumption that their gamma-ray spectra appear to provide little information. However, gamma-ray signatures produced from 252Cf spontaneous fission products and odd-numbered Cf isotopes can be useful in determining source age and Cf isotopic composition. We demonstrate the utility of high-resolution gamma spectrometry in determining the age and isotopics of Cf neutron sources. In this work, five 252Cf sources were measured using a high-purity germanium detector. The neutron flux was small enough that radiation damage from prolonged neutron exposure was not substantial. Spectra were collected in 2-hour increments for 42–48 hours for quality control. The 2-hour spectra were added together to create a single spectrum for each source, and peak analyses were performed. Source ages were determined using a method that involved experimentally measuring the ratio of the gamma-ray emission rate of the 661.657 keV from 137Cs relative to a short-lived fission product and exploiting the dependence of this ratio on the source age. Source age was solved for using emission rates from four different gamma lines from four short-lived spontaneous fission products. Analysis results from all four fission products returned statistically similar source ages, but two had uncertainties greater than 25% because of high spontaneous fission product yield uncertainties as nominally high as 63%. Choosing short-lived fission products with small yield uncertainties is most important for accurately calculating source age. Additionally, the calculated ages did not always match the time since 248Cm separation well, which is often assumed to be the source age on the technical data sheet provided by the manufacturer. Activity ratios of 249Cf to 251Cf, the only Cf gamma emitters present in a 252Cf source, also did not match between experimental data and data on the technical data sheet provided by the vendor. It is thus recommended that newly purchased Cf sources be examined using gamma spectrometry to determine the source age and confirm isotopic composition of a 252Cf calibration source.

Watson, Mara M.↗
DOE OSTI2014

NREL Improves Access to Building Product Energy Data [Fact Sheet]

A new Web-based tool enables users to evaluate the site-specific performance of various building technologies, support more effective financial analyses, and make better-informed procurement decisions. By improving stakeholders’ confidence in performance, the Technology Performance Exchange™ (TPEx™) is streamlining access to foundational energy performance data and helping many viable energy efficiency projects move from the drawing board to the implementation stage.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2017

Report to Lincoln Labs on TWPAs

This past spring LLNL’s Quantum Sensor’s team received two TWPA amplifiers from Lincoln Labs along with a data-sheet explaining handling, operations and expected performance. Here we will outline some of the initial tests performed on this amplifiers as part of LLNL’s Quantum Sensors Strategic Initiative (QSSI). Initial testing confirmed that both amplifiers worked and provided gain and SNR improvement similar to that called out in the data-sheets provided.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2021

Precision measurement of relative γ-ray intensities from the decay of 61Cu

A discrepancy, well outside reported uncertainties, has been observed between the accepted and measured values of the intensity ratio of the two strongest γ-ray following 61 Cu β + decay. This discrepancy has significant impact since the nat Ni(d,x) 61 Cu reaction has historically been one of only a few IAEA recommendations for use as a deuteron flux monitor and a considerable number of published cross sections measured in ratio to that beam monitor cross section may depend on the choice of either the first or second strongest ray in those calculations. To determine the magnitude of this error most precisely, over a hundred separate measurements of the 283 keV to 656 keV γ-ray emission ratio were collected from seven experiments and a variety of detectors and detection geometries. A weighted average of all these measurements indicates an error in the value listed in the Nuclear Data Sheets of 11% in either the primary or second-highest intensity γ-ray of 61 Cu, potentially introducing an 11% error in 61 Cu production cross section measurements, cross sections using nickel activation as a deuteron beam current monitor, or in dose rates when 61 Cu is used in nuclear medicine. General agreement with the Data Sheets with ten other intensity ratios suggests the most probable error is in the secondary (656 keV) emission, which accordingly should be updated from 10.8% to 9.69%.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Standard Electrode Potentials Involving Radicals in Aqueous Solution: Inorganic Radicals

Recommendations are made for standard potentials involving select inorganic radicals in aqueous solution at 25 °C. These recommendations are based on a critical and thorough literature review and also by performing derivations from various literature reports. The recommended data are summarized in tables of standard potentials, Gibbs energies of formation, radical pK a ’s, and hemicolligation equilibrium constants. In all cases, current best estimates of the uncertainties are provided. An extensive set of Data Sheets is appended that provide original literature references, summarize the experimental results, and describe the decisions and procedures leading to each of the recommendations

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2014

Fully coupled, dynamic model of a magnetostrictive amorphous ribbon and its validation

Magnetostrictive amorphous ribbons are widely used in electronic article surveillance as well as for magnetoelastic sensors. Both applications utilize the fact that the ribbons' resonant frequency can be read out remotely by applying external magnetic AC fields. This paper proposes a magnetomechanical model to simulate the dynamics of such ribbons. The goal was to only use general material properties as input parameters, which are usually denoted in the data sheet of amorphous metals. Thus, only the magnetization curve at zero stress has to be gained via measurement. The magnetization under stress is calculated thereof. The equation of motion for a longitudinally oscillating ribbon is derived and coupled to Maxwell's equations for magnetostatics. The fully coupled initial value problem is solved simultaneously by a finite difference approach. The model is validated by comparing calculated and measured resonant frequencies of various amorphous ribbons, which turned out to be in good agreement. When slightly adapting single material properties from the data sheet, the match is almost perfect. The model is then used to calculate the local magnetic and mechanical properties inside static and vibrating ribbons. These local distributions can be directly linked to the field dependence of the resonant frequency and its higher harmonics.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2018

ENDF/B-VIII.0: The 8 th Major Release of the Nuclear Reaction Data Library with CIELO-project Cross Sections, New Standards and Thermal Scattering Data

We describe the new ENDF/B-VIII.0 evaluated nuclear reaction data library. ENDF/B-VIII.0 fully incorporates the new IAEA standards, includes improved thermal neutron scattering data and uses new evaluated data from the CIELO project for neutron reactions on 1 H, 16 O, 56 Fe, 235 U, 238 U and 239 Pu described in companion papers in the present issue of Nuclear Data Sheets. The evaluations benefit from recent experimental data obtained in the U.S. and Europe, and improvements in theory and simulation. Notable advances include updated evaluated data for light nuclei, structural materials, actinides, fission energy release, prompt fission neutron and γ-ray spectra, thermal neutron scattering data, and charged-particle reactions. Integral validation testing is shown for a wide range of criticality, reaction rate, and neutron transmission benchmarks. In general, integral validation performance of the library is improved relative to the previous ENDF/B-VII.1 library.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Use of Electronic Hand-held Devices for Collection of Savannah River Site Environmental Data - 13329

Savannah River Nuclear Solutions has begun using Xplore Tablet PC's to collect data in the field for soil samples, groundwater samples, air samples and round sheets at the Savannah River Site (SRS). EPA guidelines for groundwater sampling are incorporated into the application to ensure the sample technician follows the proper protocol. The sample technician is guided through the process for sampling and round sheet data collection by a series of menus and input boxes. Field measurements and well stabilization information are entered into the tablet for uploading into Environmental Restoration Data Management System (ERDMS). The process helps to eliminate input errors and provides data integrity. A soil sample technician has the ability to collect information about location of sample, field parameter, describe the soil sample, print bottle labels, and print chain of custody for the sample that they have collected. An air sample technician has the ability to provide flow, pressure, hours of operation, print bottle labels and chain of custody for samples they collect. Round sheets are collected using the information provided in the various procedures. The data are collected and uploaded into ERDMS. The equipment used is weather proof and hardened for the field use. Global Positioning System (GPS) capabilities are integrated into the applications to provide the location where samples were collected and to help sample technicians locate wells that are not visited often. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2018

Membrane Specifications for Multi-Configuration Membrane Distillation Model

The data includes the membrane properties and specifications used for multi-configuration membrane distillation desalination. In this study, membranes from CLARCOR, 3M, and Aquastill are tested in counter-current, co-current and air-gap configurations at Colorado School of Mines (CSM), Advanced Water technology Center ( Aqwatech) laboratories. In the data sheets: The "theoretical" worksheet, contains steady-state values of the experimental runs and also provides several calculated values. The "Specifications" worksheet contains the inputs to the experiment. The "Data" spreadsheet contains the entire set of data and the rest of the sheets "20-40", "20-45", ...etc., contain individual portions of the data with variation of feed temperatures.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

Preface by the CW2014 Organizers-Including Program, Advisory Board, Participants and Photo

This issue of the Nuclear Data Sheets contains the proceedings of the 'International Workshop on Nuclear Data Covariances'. This workshop was the third one in a series that started with the 'Workshop on Neutron Cross Section Covariances' (Port Je erson, USA, 2008) and continued with the 'Second Workshop on Neutron Cross Section Covariances' (Vienna, Austria, 2011). The current workshop returned to the US and took place in the center of the beautiful and historic city of Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA from April 28 to May 1, 2014. The purpose of this workshop was to bring together scientists in the field of nuclear data evaluation, nuclear reaction theory, reactor physics and associated experiments to review recent developments in nuclear data evaluation methodology as well as assess and discuss open questions regarding uncertainty estimates and associated formatting requirements from the point of view of the experimentalist, the theoretician, the evaluator as well as from application side, e.g. in transport calculations. The workshop was open to contributions on a wide variety of nuclear data observables (cross sections, fission yields, energy and angle spectra, etc.), from the resonance range up to the high energy range as well as for light to heavy elements.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2014

High Performance Computing Data Center [Fact Sheet]

The high performance computing (HPC) data center in the Energy Systems Integration Facility (ESIF) is designed to be one of the most energy efficient data centers in the world, featuring warm-water liquid cooling and waste heat capture and re-use. Its HPC capabilities support the breadth of research at NREL, leading to increased efficiency and lower costs for important technologies including solar photovoltaics, wind energy, energy storage, electric vehicles, and the large-scale integration of renewables with the grid. With its state-of-the-art computational modeling and predictive simulation capabilities, the HPC data center will reduce the risks and uncertainty that are often barriers to industry adopting new and innovative technologies, thereby accelerating the transformation of our nation’s energy system.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2017

C-terminal tail of NADPH oxidase organizer 1 (Noxo1) mediates interaction with NADPH oxidase activator (Noxa1) in the NOX1 complex

NOX1 (NADPH oxidase) similar to phagocyte NADPH oxidase, is expressed mainly in the colon epithelium and it is responsible for host defense against microbial infections by generating ROS (reactive oxygen species). NOX1 is activated by two regulatory cytosolic proteins that form a hetero-dimer, Noxo1 (NOX organizer 1) and Noxa1 (NOX activator 1). The interaction between Noxa1 and Noxo1 is critical for activating NOX1. However no structural studies for interaction between Noxa1 and Noxo1 has not been reported till date. Here, we studied the inter-molecular interaction between the SH3 domain of Noxa1 and Noxo1 using pull-down assay and NMR spectroscopy. {sup 15}N/{sup 13}C-labeled SH3 domain of Noxa1 has been purified for hetero-nuclear NMR experiments (HNCACB, CBCACONH, HNCA, HNCO, and HSQC). TALOS analysis using backbone assignment data of the Noxa1 SH3 domain showed that the structure primarily consists of β-sheets. Data from pull-down assay between the Noxo1 and Noxa1 showed that the SH3 domains (Noxa1) is responsible for interaction with Noxo1 C-terminal tail harboring proline rich region (PRR). The concentration-dependent titration of the Noxo1 C-terminal tail to Noxa1 shows that Noxo1 particularly in the RT loop: Q407*, H408, S409, A412*, G414*, E416, D417, L418, and F420; n-Src loop: C430, E431*, V432*, A435, W436, and L437; and terminal region: I447; F448*, F452* and V454 interact with Noxa1. Our results will provide a detailed understanding for interaction between Noxa1 and Noxo1 at the molecular level, providing insights into their cytoplasmic activity-mediated functioning as well as regulatory role of C-terminal tail of Noxo1 in the NOX1 complex. - Highlights: • C-terminal of Noxo1 harboring PRR motif is important for Noxa1 interaction. • Noxa1 SH3 binds C-terminal region of Noxo1with K{sub d} of 8.2 ± 1.41 μM. • Data from NMR experiments determined secondary structures of Noxa1 SH3. • Noxa1 interacts with PRR region of Noxo1, however, binding affinity is weaker than C-terminal tail of Noxo1. • Our results provide insights into regulatory role of C-terminal tail of Noxo1 in the NOX1 complex.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Nuclear Structure and Decay Data for A=71 Isobars

Experimental nuclear spectroscopic data are evaluated for 12 known nuclides of mass number=71 (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Br, Kr). Detailed compiled and evaluated information is presented for each reaction and decay experiment. The β – n decay of 72 Co to 71 Ni is included in this work, while for β – n decay of 71 Co to 70 Ni, consult Nuclear Data Sheets for A=70 (2016Gu11) or the ENSDF database for 70 Ni. Combining all the available data, recommended values are provided for energies, spins and parities, and half-lives of levels, with energies, branching ratios and multipolarities of γ radiations, and characteristics of β and α radiations in radioactive decays. Excited-states have not yet been identified in 71 Mn, 71 Fe, and 71 Kr, with the ground-state half-life remaining unknown only for 71 Mn; data for excited states in 71 Co and 71 Ni are very limited; 71 Ga, 71 Ge and 71 As are the most extensively studied nuclides via various reactions and decays, followed by 71 Cu, 71 Zn, 71 Se, and 71 Br, however, except for 71 Ge, the decay schemes of all other nuclides are considered as incomplete due to a large gap between the decay Q-value and the highest observed level. Lastly, this work supersedes earlier evaluations of A=71 by 2011Ab01.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2018

The Chemical and Products Database, a resource for exposure-relevant data on chemicals in consumer products

Quantitative data on product chemical composition is a necessary parameter for characterizing near-field exposure. This data set comprises reported and predicted information on more than 75,000 chemicals and more than 15,000 consumer products. The data’s primary intended use is for exposure, risk, and safety assessments. The data set includes specific products with quantitative or qualitative ingredient information, which has been publicly disclosed through material safety data sheets (MSDS) and ingredient lists. A single product category from a refined and harmonized set of categories has been assigned to each product. The data set also contains information on the functional role of chemicals in products, which can inform predictions of the concentrations in which they occur. These data will be useful to exposure and risk assessors evaluating chemical and product safety.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

Characterization and Analysis of the Energy-Reporting Accuracy of Connected Devices

Emerging energy-efficient building systems increasingly exhibit greater functionality, often requiring multiple operating modes (e.g. white-tunability for lighting products and data traffic for devices with networked, integrated sensors). This increased functionality makes energy consumption estimates more complex. Given that these functions consume energy, the energy performance of such building systems is dependent on what operating modes they use and how much time they spend in each mode. Devices and systems that can report their own energy consumption mitigate this energy-performance uncertainty. This study explores the energy-reporting accuracy of market-available connected electrical outlets. The study considers two residential-market products (five units each, one outlet per unit) and three commercial-market products (two units each, 18 to 24 outlets per unit) with the ability to report power drawn and/or energy consumed by devices connected to their receptacles. The products were purchased through typical market channels. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) conducted testing in December 2018 at its Connected Lighting Test Bed (CLTB), using a custom-developed test setup and method adapted from industry standards. The setup collected energy-consumption data reported by the outlet devices under test (DUTs) at one-minute intervals and compared that data with measurements taken by a reference meter over a range of test conditions. The residential products reported power draw but not interval or cumulative energy consumption. The commercial products reported both power draw and cumulative energy consumption. Relative reporting error (RRE) was calculated for all measurements, and analysis of the results revealed variations across devices and test conditions. The total number of measurements (50 for each residential product, 60 for each commercial product) offers an appreciable comparison of performance at the make/model level. The average RRE of the residential products derived from reported power draw was -0.02% and -1.20%. The average RRE for two of the three the commercial products derived from reported power draw was worse than those of the residential products (-2.40%, -2.72%, -0.36%). The internal integration of power over time, used to calculate cumulative energy consumption, typically occurs at current and voltage sampling rates much higher than once per minute. This suggests that the average commercial-product RRE derived from reported energy consumption should be very consistent and better than performance based on reported power draw. However, the RRE derived from reported energy consumption varied significantly across the three makes of commercial-market products and was uniformly less accurate than performance based on reported power draw. Subsequent analysis identified a number of root causes for this decrease in performance, most of which were related to reporting resolution. The goals of this study are to generate awareness of building systems capable of reporting their own energy consumption, further interest in the value of energy data for a variety of uses, draw attention to how the accuracy of reported metrics can be characterized, and quantify the performance variation found in marketavailable products. The results of this study and subsequent related work may be relevant to stakeholders in industry-specification and standards-development organizations. The methods this study employs could inform test and measurement procedures and performance classifications for connected outlets, lighting products, and other building systems capable of reporting their own energy consumption. The study concludes with stakeholder recommendations, including the following: • Energy-reporting device and system manufacturers developing products that report energy consumption should characterize the accuracy of reported metrics using a reference meter calibrated by an independent laboratory that was accredited by an ILAC MRA signatory (and whose scope of accreditation explicitly covers energy measurement), and should include this information on product data sheets. • Standards and specification development organizations should develop application-specific performance classifications that end users can understand and relate to their energy-data use needs (e.g., 2% accuracy class for utility streetlight energy billing needs, or 10% accuracy class for ESCO performance verification needs). • Current or potential owners, operators, and specifiers of energy-reporting building systems should rigorously analyze the dependency of current and planned energy-data use cases on accuracy, noting in particular the dependence (or lack thereof) on relative vs. absolute accuracy, and on trueness vs. precision (i.e., repeatability), and should communicate use-case needs to industry standards and specification organizations.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗