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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 163 records · Page 9
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Direct strain correlations at the single-atom level in three-dimensional core-shell interface structures

Abstract Nanomaterials with core-shell architectures are prominent examples of strain-engineered materials. The lattice mismatch between the core and shell materials can cause strong interface strain, which affects the surface structures. Therefore, surface functional properties such as catalytic activities can be designed by fine-tuning the misfit strain at the interface. To precisely control the core-shell effect, it is essential to understand how the surface and interface strains are related at the atomic scale. Here, we elucidate the surface-interface strain relations by determining the full 3D atomic structure of Pd@Pt core-shell nanoparticles at the single-atom level via atomic electron tomography. Full 3D displacement fields and strain profiles of core-shell nanoparticles were obtained, which revealed a direct correlation between the surface and interface strain. The strain distributions show a strong shape-dependent anisotropy, whose nature was further corroborated by molecular statics simulations. From the observed surface strains, the surface oxygen reduction reaction activities were predicted. These findings give a deep understanding of structure-property relationships in strain-engineerable core-shell systems, which can lead to direct control over the resulting catalytic properties.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2023

CORE: A Global Aggregation Service for Open Access Papers

This paper introduces CORE, a widely used scholarly service, which provides access to the world’s largest collection of open access research publications, acquired from a global network of repositories and journals. CORE was created with the goal of enabling text and data mining of scientific literature and thus supporting scientific discovery, but it is now used in a wide range of use cases within higher education, industry, not-for-profit organisations, as well as by the general public. Through the provided services, CORE powers innovative use cases, such as plagiarism detection, in market-leading third-party organisations. CORE has played a pivotal role in the global move towards universal open access by making scientific knowledge more easily and freely discoverable. In this paper, we describe CORE’s continuously growing dataset and the motivation behind its creation, present the challenges associated with systematically gathering research papers from thousands of data providers worldwide at scale, and introduce the novel solutions that were developed to overcome these challenges. The paper then provides an in-depth discussion of the services and tools built on top of the aggregated data and finally examines several use cases that have leveraged the CORE dataset and services.

96 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND PRESERVATION↗
DOE OSTI2022

Designing optimal core–shell MOFs for direct air capture

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), along with other novel adsorbents, are frequently proposed as candidate materials to selectively adsorb CO 2 for carbon capture processes. However, adsorbents designed to strongly bind CO 2 nearly always bind H 2 O strongly (sometimes even more so). Given that water is present in significant quantities in the inlet streams of most carbon capture processes, a method that avoids H 2 O competition for the CO 2 binding sites would be technologically valuable. Here, in this paper, we consider a novel core–shell MOF design strategy, where a high-CO 2 -capacity MOF “core” is protected from competitive H 2 O-binding via a MOF “shell” that has very slow water diffusion. We consider a high-frequency adsorption/desorption cycle that regenerates the adsorbents before water can pass through the shell and enter the core. To identify optimal core–shell MOF pairs, we use a combination of experimental measurements, computational modeling, and multiphysics modeling. Our library of MOFs is created from two starting MOFs-UiO-66 and UiO-67-augmented with 30 possible functional group variations, yielding 1740 possible core–shell MOF pairs. After defining a performance score to rank these pairs, we identified 10 core–shell MOF candidates that significantly outperform any of the MOFs functioning alone.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2021

Observation of fully detached divertor integrated with improved core confinement for tokamak fusion plasmas

Integration of divertor detachment with a high-performance (β N ~ 3, β p > 2, H 98 ~ 1.5) core plasma has been demonstrated in DIII-D high-β p (poloidal beta) plasmas associated with a sustained core internal transport barrier (ITB) and an H-mode edge transport barrier (ETB). Such good core-edge integration has been achieved for both neon and nitrogen seeding, for both favorable and unfavorable B-field directions, independently from the impurity puffing locations, though these variations play important roles on divertor characteristics. Compared to the standard H-mode plasmas, the high-β p plasma exhibits a much wider window of detachment compatible with high confinement core. Fully detached divertor plasmas with low plasma temperature (Te < 5 eV), low particle flux, and low heat flux across the entire divertor target plate were obtained by using nitrogen seeding. This detached high-β p plasma is compatible with a newly developed detachment control system which can help optimize the nitrogen gas flow rate. Several features, i.e., the high edge safety factor in the high-β p scenario, impurity injection, closed divertor and reduced heating power requirement due to the high confinement, facilitate the achievement of full divertor detachment at lower density. Instead of degrading global performance, the divertor detachment facilitates the access to an even stronger ITB at large radius with a relatively weak ETB through self-organized synergy between ITB and ETB, leading to sustained high confinement. The strengthening of the large-radius ITB compensates for the ETB degradation associated with divertor detachment. In addition, a weak ETB naturally has smaller edge localized modes (ELMs). In particular, with neon injection, a long-period no-ELM H-mode phase has been achieved simultaneously with high-performance core and partially detached divertor plasmas. Furthermore, these results demonstrate the possibility of integrating excellent core plasma performance with an effective divertor solution, an essential step toward steady-state operation of reactor-grade plasmas.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2025

High-Fidelity CFD Simulation of Mixed Convection and Forced Convection in a Pebble Bed Test Reactor Core

The Hermes low-power [35-MW(thermal)] reactor will be built and operated by Kairos Power LLC (KP) to demonstrate its fluoride salt-cooled high-temperature reactor (FHR) technology. In the KP FHR, the reactor core is composed of randomly packed pebbles with TRISO fuel particles inside with FLiBe flow upward through the core acting as a coolant. Previous numerical and experimental studies have been limited to either a small-size bed or to a lack of detailed measurements for heat transfer. Here, to address the lack of high-fidelity heat transfer data in a real-size FHR core, in this study, we simulated a pebble bed core with 34 374 pebbles randomly packed, similar to the Hermes reactor's size. The core radius was 14 times that of the pebble diameter, while the core height was 45 times. In this work, we were particularly interested in a mixed convection regime, where buoyancy is important. Therefore, we performed several large-eddy simulations at different Reynolds numbers (160 to 1000) with gravitational force included. The spectral element computational fluid dynamics code NekRS with graphics processing unit acceleration was used for this study. The low-Mach number approximation was applied to address property changes in the FLiBe and to account for buoyancy. A pure hexahedral mesh with 60 million elements was generated by the Voronoi cell method. At the polynomial order of 5, the total degrees of freedom was 7.5 billion. The developed case in this work is the first of its kind in terms of size and complexity. The local numerical data across the domain were obtained and compared with empirical correlations. After examining the data, we found the following conclusions. For pressure drop, the Reger correlation predicted less than a 5% error. On the other hand, for heat transfer, the Wakao correlation outperformed the others. Based on our findings, we recommend the use of the Wakao correlation for the Nusselt number calculation, and for pressure drop, the KTA (Kerntechnischer Ausschuss) correclation, among the available experimental correlations. In conclusion, the Reger direct numerical simulation-driven correlation for pressure drops should also be considered, given its best agreement with our calculations.

Mixed Convection↗
DOE OSTI2022

Versatile Test Reactor Conceptual Core Design

The VTR is a 300-MW(thermal) sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) designed for the specific purpose of delivering unique testing capabilities to enable the advancement of all reactor technologies. With its flux level, irradiation volume, and operational flexibility, the VTR will enable accelerated testing of materials, fuels, and various components needing irradiation testing. Proven SFR technologies and design approaches have been leveraged in designing the VTR core, ensuring the highest possible readiness level. This resulted in the VTR using ternary metallic fuel and delivering fast flux levels in excess of 4 x 10 15 n/cm 2 ∙ s over large useful volumes, corresponding to about 60 dpa/year in steel. As part of the design efforts, the VTR core performance has been determined for a representative configuration, ensuring that the reactivity control systems offer sufficient shutdown margins, that the core can be safely cooled in all situations, and that reactivity feedback coefficients are conducive to a favorable safety behavior. Furthermore, the incorporation of features such as fuel assembly storage in the shield region supports the flexible and reliable operation of the VTR. Additional design work has been ongoing as well. This includes thorough shielding performance evaluations to ensure safe operation of the VTR, verification and validation of the design tools used to achieve compliance with Nuclear Quality Assurance (NQA-1) requirements, early assessment of the impact of irradiation experiments on the core performance envelope and associated margins, and in-depth uncertainty quantification efforts to quantify the anticipated range of performance characteristics. An experimental program supporting the VTR core design has been set up, with the current focus being on thermal-hydraulic experiments. The purpose of this experimental program is to obtain confirmatory measurements to serve directly as part of the core design basis or as part of the validation cases supporting the simulation tools used.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Disentangling core and edge mechanisms of the density limit in DIII-D negative triangularity plasmas

The density limit is investigated in the DIII-D negative triangularity plasmas which lack a standard H-mode edge. We find the limit may not be a singular disruptive boundary but a multifaceted density saturation phenomenon governed by distinct core and edge transport mechanisms. Sustained, non-disruptive operation is achieved at densities up to 1.8 times the Greenwald limit ($n_\mathrm{G}$) until the termination of auxiliary heating. Systematic power scans show distinct power scalings for the core ($n_e \propto P_\mathrm{SOL}^{0.27\pm0.03}$) and edge ($n_e \propto P_\mathrm{SOL}^{0.42\pm0.04}$) density limits. The edge density saturation is triggered by the onset of a non-disruptive, high-field side radiation front and the associated cooling, which clamps the edge density below . In contrast, the core density continues to rise until it saturates, a state characterized by enhanced core turbulence. Core transport evolves from a diffusive to an intermittent, avalanche-like state, as indicated by heavy-tailed probability density functions (kurtosis ≈ 6), increased Hurst exponents, and a $1/f$-type power spectrum. These findings suggest that the density limit in the low-confinement regime is determined by a combination of edge radiative cooling and core turbulent transport. This distinction provides separate targets for control strategies aimed at extending the operational space of future fusion devices.

density limit↗
DOE OSTI2024

Properties of molecular clumps and cores in colliding magnetized flows

ABSTRACT We simulate the formation of molecular clouds in colliding flows of warm neutral medium with the adaptive mesh refinement code flash in eight simulations with varying initial magnetic field strength, between 0.01–5 μG. We include a chemical network to treat heating and cooling and to follow the formation of molecular gas. The initial magnetic field strength influences the fragmentation of the forming cloud because it prohibits motions perpendicular to the field direction and hence impacts the formation of large-scale filamentary structures. Molecular clump and core formation occurs anyhow. We identify 3D clumps and 3D cores, which are defined as connected, CO-rich regions. Additionally, 3D cores are heavily shielded. While we do not claim those 3D objects to be directly comparable to observations, this enables us to analyse their full virial state. With increasing field strength, we find more fragments with a smaller average mass; yet the dynamics of the forming clumps and cores only weakly depends on the initial magnetic field strength. The molecular clumps are mostly unbound, probably transient objects, which are weakly confined by ram pressure or thermal pressure, indicating that they are swept up by the turbulent flow. They experience significant fluctuations in the mass flux through their surface, such that the Eulerian reference frame shows a dominant time-dependent term due to their indistinct nature. We define the cores to encompass highly shielded molecular gas. Most cores are in gravitational-kinetic equipartition and are well described by the common virial parameter $\alpha _\mathrm{vir}$, while some undergo minor dispersion by kinetic surface effects.

Weis, M. (ORCID:0000000256838860)↗
DOE OSTI2025

Tunable energy landscape of screw dislocation cores by compositional fluctuations in bcc high-entropy alloys from first-principles calculations

The energy landscape of screw dislocation cores plays a central role in dislocation-mediated deformation mechanisms in body-centered cubic (bcc) metals. In bcc high-entropy alloys (HEAs), this energy landscape is modulated by local compositional fluctuations, which has important implications for deformation processes in these materials. Through first-principles calculations, this study investigates high-symmetry screw dislocation core structures in NbTaMoW and NbTaTiHf bcc HEAs. The results show that alloying group IV transition metals lead to large local lattice distortions at dislocation cores, which is demonstrated to be an important factor governing fluctuations in core configurations along a dislocation line. Importantly, group IV elements near the core induce features in the energy landscape that are exclusive for HEAs, specifically lowering the energy of core configurations that are unstable in elemental bcc metals. A combined influence of these chemical effects with crystallographic details enables the activation of glide planes, a feature that has been linked to ductility improvements in bcc HEAs. These findings provide new insights into the atomic-scale mechanisms underlying dislocation mobility in bcc HEAs, offering a pathway for designing materials with tailored mechanical properties.

Borges, Pedro P P O↗
DOE OSTI2023

Entanglement structures in quantum field theories: Negativity cores and bound entanglement in the vacuum

Here, the many-body entanglement between two finite (size-d) disjoint vacuum regions of noninteracting lattice scalar field theory in one spatial dimension, i.e., a (d A × d B ) mixed Gaussian continuous variable system, is locally transformed into a tensor-product core of (1 A × 1 B ) mixed entangled pairs. Accessible entanglement within these core pairs exhibits an exponential hierarchy and as such identifies the structure of dominant region modes from which vacuum entanglement could be extracted into a spatially separated pair of quantum detectors. Beyond the core, the remaining modes of the halo are determined to be AB separable in isolation, as well as separable from the core. However, state preparation protocols that distribute entanglement in the form of (1 A × 1 B ) mixed core pairs are found to require additional entanglement in the halo that is obscured by classical correlations. This inaccessible (bound) halo entanglement is found to mirror the accessible entanglement, but with a step behavior as the continuum is approached. It remains possible that alternate initialization protocols that do not utilize the exponential hierarchy of core-pair entanglement may require less inaccessible entanglement. Entanglement consolidation is expected to persist in higher dimensions and may aid classical and quantum simulations of asymptotically free gauge field theories, such as quantum chromodynamics.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2025

Polarization-resolved core exciton dynamics in LiF using attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy

The ability to control absorption by modifying the polarization of light presents an exciting opportunity to experimentally determine the orbital alignment of absorption features. Here, attosecond extreme ultraviolet (XUV) transient absorption spectroscopy is used to investigate the polarization dependence of core exciton dynamics in LiF thin films at the Li + K edge. XUV pulses excite electrons from the Li 1s core level into the conduction band, allowing for the formation of a p-orbital-like core exciton, aligned along the XUV light polarization axis. A sub-5 fs near-infrared (NIR) probe pulse then arrives at variable time delays, perturbing the XUV-excited states and allowing the coherence decay of the core exciton to be mapped. The coherence lifetimes are found to be ≈ 2.4 ± 0.4 fs, which is attributed to a phonon-mediated dephasing mechanism as in previous core exciton studies. The differential absorption features are also shown to be sensitive to the relative polarization of the XUV and NIR fields. The parallel NIR probe induces couplings between the initial XUV-excited p-like bright exciton and s-like dark excitons. When crossed pump and probe polarizations are used, the coupling between the bright and dark states is no longer dipole-allowed, and the transient absorption signal associated with the coupling is suppressed by approximately 90%. This interpretation is supported by simulations of a few-level model system, as well as analysis of the calculated band structure. Here, the results indicate that laser polarization can serve as a powerful experimental tool for exploring the orbital alignment of core excitonic states in solid-state materials.

Attosecond laser spectroscopy↗
DOE OSTI2023

Polymorphic structure of $\langle a \rangle$-type screw dislocation cores in $\alpha$-Ti

The dislocation core structure has a significant role in determining the dominant slip plane and the magnitude of the Peierls stress for a dislocation. An important challenge when studying dislocation cores is to determine the stable and metastable core morphologies, and then relate these structures to the dynamics of the dislocations. ere this study introduces a method for identifying core structures that are metastable at zero temperature. Application of this method to $\langle$a$\rangle$-type screw dislocations in α-Ti (as described using an empirical potential) reveals a multitude of (meta)stable nonplanar cores. Molecular dynamics studies show how the competing metastable core structures determine the properties of the dislocations at temperature and under a range of non-Schmid stresses.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2025

Influence of solutes on the core structures of $\langle$ α $\rangle$-type screw dislocations in $α$-Ti

The $\langle$ α $\rangle$-type screw dislocations are known to be significant mediators of plasticity in hexagonal-close-packed (HCP) metals. These dislocations have polymorphic core structures, and subtle changes in the relative energies of these core structures are known to have a large impact on the dynamics of the dislocations. Here, this work identifies a previously neglected long-range elastic interstitial-solute/dislocation interaction that influences the core structures. Essentially, interstitial solutes induce a change in the dislocation core structure to minimize the energy of interaction between the solutes and the dislocation. Molecular dynamics simulations, continuum linear elasticity, and statistical analysis show that this long-range interaction can locally alter the dislocation cores so that many different polymorphs appear along a single dislocation not only because of direct contact between interstitials and the dislocation core but also because of this long-range elastic interaction.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Protracted core formation and impact disruptions shaped the earliest outer Solar System planetesimals

The distinct compositions of metallic cores from noncarbonaceous (NC) and carbonaceous (CC) iron meteorite parent bodies (IMPBs) reflect differences in accretion and differentiation histories of earliest inner and outer Solar System planetesimals. Compared to NC IMPBs, CC IMPBs have smaller, sulfur (S)–poor, highly siderophile element (HSE)–enriched cores and younger core formation ages. However, the origins of these differences remain debated. Using equilibrium partitioning models between the S-poor solid and the S-rich liquid metal, we argue that HSE enrichment in IID, IIF, IIIF, and IVB cores resulted from a multistage evolutionary sequence: (i) segregation of S-rich, HSE-depleted protocores during initial planetesimal heating; (ii) collisional disruption before S-poor metal segregation; (iii) reaccretion of mantle fragments into daughter planetesimals; and (iv) further 26 Al-driven heating producing HSE-enriched, S-poor cores. We suggest that iron meteorites from these CC IMPBs originate from such second-generation cores. Accounting for “missing” S-rich protocores helps reconcile several NC-CC IMPB differences and highlights the role of early collisional processing in shaping planetesimal chemical evolution.

Geosciences↗
DOE OSTI2022

Reactor physics benchmark of Westinghouse PWR core design suite for high burnup/high enrichment fuel - Part 1: Pin and lattice

Westinghouse has performed a comprehensive set of code-to-code benchmark comparisons to corroborate application of its state-of-the-art NEXUS-based code suite to high burnup and high enrichment (HB/HE) fueled PWR core design and reload analysis. This paper focuses on analysis of the predictions for pin and lattice designs representative of HB/HE core reloads from the Westinghouse advanced lattice code PARAGON2, the Monte-Carlo code SERPENT2 and MPACT, the deterministic neutronic component of VERA. A companion paper presented at this conference analyzes results obtained with the Westinghouse ANC9 core simulator, using lattice data provided by PARAGON2 with the NEXUS cross-section methodology, and MPACT for 2D and 3D core configurations incorporating HB/HE fuel reloads to achieve cycle length extension to 24-month in high-power density PWRs. The results of the pin and lattice benchmark presented in this paper show that the neutronic predictions from PARAGON2 for HB/HE fueled PWRs are in remarkable agreement with predictions from both SERPENT2 and MPACT including for depletion to high fuel burnup values, and employing a set of challenging lattices which feature combined use of burnable absorbers to obtain the required reactivity hold-down to support PWR transition to HB/HE fuel and 24-month operational cycles. As corroborated by this analysis and the analysis contained in the companion paper, the Westinghouse NEXUS-based PWR core analysis package can be confidently applied by industry for design analysis of PWR core reloads adopting HB/HE fuel and properly support the industry commercialization plans for in-reactor deployment. (authors)

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Soil Core Chemistry of Wetland, Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve, Huron, OH, 2023-10-24 to 2024-05-20

This dataset contains the chemistry data of soil samples collected from a wetland, referred to as The Cove, at Old Woman Creek Estuarine Research Reserve in Huron, OH. Soil core extractions were performed to analyze what nutrient and/or metal constituents were present at different depths and what biogeochemical activity this could indicate. Three soil cores were collected at three locations within The Cove. The soil cores were removed from their core tubing and were cut into 4 segments down the length (or depth) of the core: top to 1-inch deep, from 1 inch to 5 inches, 5 inches to 7 inches, and 7 inches to the bottom of the core (approximately 10 inches). These soils segments were each homogenized and sub-sampled for various chemical analyses. Soil chemistry measurements are reported in the SoilChem_DataTable.csv file. Collection information about the samples can be found within the SoilChem_SampleMetdata.csv file. All files associated with this dataset are listed in the SoilChem_FLMD.csv file.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Wireless Sensing and Communication Capability from In-Core to a Monitoring Center

Significant cost savings can be made if electrical cables can be replaced by wireless technology in current Nuclear Power Plants (NPP) and in advance reactor designs. Wireless technology can also provide in-core opportunities by significantly reducing the number of penetrations in the pressure vessel, cost and complexity of sensor installation and by increasing the efficiency of current and advanced reactors. Unlike other deployment scenarios for an industrial environment, operators need to have centralized control over all the networks. Centralized control will reduce implementation costs, provide single point control and enable monitoring of network devices, improve security, and enhance connectivity. Micro-sensors that can simultaneously monitor temperature and pressure within a fuel rod inside nuclear reactors will enable preventative actions during abnormal operating conditions. This ability could avert accidents and enable the expedient development of accident tolerant fuels. A novel micro-sensor suite (~ mm) to simultaneously measure multiple parameters such as temperature, strain, pressure, and neutron/gamma flux inside a fuel rod is being developed for use in reactors. The necessary communication architecture is also being developed to transmit measurement signals from the core to the plant's data cloud or control room. A three three-tier strategy has been developed to support wireless transmission of in-core measurements to the control room or to a secure cloud platform for control, analytics, and decision-making purposes. 1. In-core: data signal from in-core to outside of the pressure vessel within the containment building 2. Containment building: data signal from inside to the outside of the containment building and into the balance of the plant network 3. Balance of the plant network: information transmitted to the data cloud and control room This plan presents a wireless sensing and communication system for use within a reactor core and elsewhere. The communication technology is advantageous to compensate for network equipment failures and adverse data transmission conditions. Wireless technology will significantly increase the resiliency of the plants network system. The wireless system naturally provides multiple transmission path capability and data redundancy.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2022

Continued Verification of MOOSE Structural Mechanics Tools for Modeling Core Bowing Phenomena in Fast Reactors

Under the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy’s Advanced Modeling and Simulation (NEAMS) Program, an integrated multiphysics approach is being developed to model the core bowing phenomena important to liquid metal-cooled fast reactors. Core bowing is an important passive safety mechanism whereby increased power (which leads to temperature and flux gradients) influences the core to bow into less reactive configurations when the restraint system is properly designed. The phenomenon includes a complex interplay of radiation transport, duct temperature calculations involving fluid flow and heat transfer, and thermo-mechanical responses to the induced temperature and flux gradients. Structural material properties are also important to determining inelastic response to longer term flux gradients which cause irradiation creep and swelling. While core bowing provides a strong negative reactivity feedback when the restraint system is designed properly, it also results in additional forces between assemblies which increase the loads required to extricate them during refueling or control rod movement. Therefore, the restraint system must be designed with these tradeoffs in mind. The first stage of the work, which commenced in FY21 and continues through FY22, assesses thermo-mechanical modeling tools for producing core bowing predictions consistent with conventional tools. The Multiphysics Object Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE) Tensor Mechanics and Contact Modules are employed. This status report describes work on additional thermo-mechanical benchmark verification problems with increased complexity from the examples demonstrated in FY21. Several benchmark verification examples were selected from the IAEA verification and validation report. These examples involve clusters of ducts representative of a sector of a hexagonal reactor core which bow into each other and cause contact and load pad elevations, as well as single ducts subjected to irradiation fields undergoing swelling and subsequent bowing. The MOOSE-based results were compared to both IAEA benchmark participants’ results, analytic equations as available, and NUBOW-3D, a beam model code developed by Argonne National Laboratory. In every case, the MOOSE results agreed with other simulations results, providing additional verification basis of the tools for this particular physics application.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗