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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 163 records · Page 9
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

GdN/SmN superlattices; influence of a Zeeman/exchange conflict

GdN and SmN are two of the lanthanide nitrides, most of which are intrinsic ferromagnetic semiconductors. Superlattices comprising the pair offer a unique opportunity to investigate heterojunctions that feature simultaneous conductivity and magnetic interface influences. In this work, we report an investigation of these influences, using magnetisation and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism for magnetic effects, and magnetoresistance and Hall effect studies of their electrical conductance. Magnetic data show clear signatures of a conflicting Zeeman vs. interfacial exchange and the magnetic disruption that results, while resistivity and Hall measurements show conduction in both GdN and SmN.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2026

Exploring altermagnetism in RuO 2 : from conflicting experiments to emerging consensus

Altermagnetism has recently emerged as a new class of magnetic order that combines the advantages of both ferromagnets and antiferromagnets. The compensated antiparallel spin structure, in combination with crystallographic rotational symmetry, gives rise to distinct magnetic properties, opening new opportunities for next-generation spintronic applications. In this review, we introduce a variety of experimental approaches—including electronic, optical, and particle-based spectroscopies—used to probe theoretically suggested altermagnetism. In particular, we review recent studies on the altermagnetic candidate RuO 2 , whose magnetic ground state remains under debate with conflicting experimental results, organizing the discussion according to the experimental techniques. Furthermore, we highlight recent findings on fully strained RuO 2 thin films that emphasize the critical role of strain in the emergence of altermagnetism. We believe that this review will provide not only practical guidelines for investigating altermagnetic systems but also valuable insights toward reaching consensus on the ongoing controversies surrounding RuO 2 ’s altermagnetism.

altermagnet↗
DOE OSTI2021

The Eight Levers of Coercive Conflict: No More, No Less

Few concepts are more important to our nation than the principle of deterrence. It is at the very core of our national security strategy. Despite its lasting import to our nation, and the rest of the world, we still lack a complete and explicit formulation of the calculus of deterrence. This has, at times, resulted in failed policies costing the Nation lives and wealth. With the ultimate objective of making the Nation more secure, we establish a complete and explicit formulation of deterrence calculus, which consists of eight levers. As it turns out this formulation also applies to the calculus of compellence, and is thus a unifying model of coercive conflict.

45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗
DOE OSTI2023

On Integral Benchmarks for Resolving TSL Conflicts for ENDF/B-VIII.1 Release [Slides]

This presentation touches on polystyrene ORNL evaluation in TSL review process for ENDF/B-VIII.1. the presentation found excellent agreement with INS and transmission measurements. Additionally, PS and PE evaluations with different phonon spectra, similar total xs., calculate keff similarly. This presentation found for critical benchmarks. While extremely useful for validation of nuclear data at all energies, critical benchmarks are not the best tool to provide a definitive answer on conflicting TSLs. In conclusion this presentation found INS and transmission measurements need to be the basis of validation of TSLs.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Structures of diverse poxin cGAMP nucleases reveal a widespread role for cGAS-STING evasion in host–pathogen conflict

DNA viruses in the family Poxviridae encode poxin enzymes that degrade the immune second messenger 2'3'-cGAMP to inhibit cGAS-STING immunity in mammalian cells. The closest homologs of poxin exist in the genomes of insect viruses suggesting a key mechanism of cGAS-STING evasion may have evolved outside of mammalian biology. Here we use a biochemical and structural approach to discover a broad family of 369 poxins encoded in diverse viral and animal genomes and define a prominent role for 2'3'-cGAMP cleavage in metazoan host-pathogen conflict. Structures of insect poxins reveal unexpected homology to flavivirus proteases and enable identification of functional self-cleaving poxins in RNA-virus polyproteins. Our data suggest widespread 2'3'-cGAMP signaling in insect antiviral immunity and explain how a family of cGAS-STING evasion enzymes evolved from viral proteases through gain of secondary nuclease activity. Poxin acquisition by poxviruses demonstrates the importance of environmental connections in shaping evolution of mammalian pathogens.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1975

Contamination, misuse and abuse of the global oceans leading to ecosystem damage and destruction, health consequences and international conflict

Unregulated uses of the oceans may threaten the global ecological balance, alter plant and animal life and significantly impact the global climatic systems. Recent plans to locate large scale structures on the oceans and to exploit the mineral riches of the seas pose even greater risk to the ecological system. Finally, increasing use of the oceans for large scale transport greatly enhances the probability of collision, polluting spills and international conflict.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1977

Cosmic-ray electrons and galactic radio emission - A conflict

An analysis which takes into account the observed energy spectrum of cosmic-ray electrons above 5 GeV and calculated mean magnetic field data shows that the observed spectral index of the radio continuum in the Galaxy is in conflict with some of the cosmic-ray electron measurements. It is found that the absolute intensities of cosmic-ray electrons measured by some of the experimenters are so low that they cannot be reconciled either with the interstellar magnetic field limits or with the extent of the galactic disk toward the anticenter.

Badhwar, G. D.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Horizontal Conflict Resolution Maneuvers with a Cockpit Display of Traffic Information

Pilot resolution of potential conflicts in the horizontal plane when the only information available on the other aircraft was presented on a Cockpit Display of Traffic Information (CDTI) is investigated. The pilot's task was to assess the situation and if necessary maneuver so as to avoid the other aircraft. No instructions were given on evasive strategy or on what was considered to be an acceptable minimum separation. The results indicate that pilots had a strong bias of turning toward the intruder aircraft in order to pass behind it. In more than 50% of the encounters with a 90 degree crossing angle in which the intruder aircraft was programmed to pass behind the aircraft, the pilots maneuvered so as to pass behind the intruder. This bias was not as strong with the display which showed a prediction of the intruder's relative velocity. The average miss distance for all encounters was about 4500 feet.

Palmer, E.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Threat perception while viewing single intruder conflicts on a cockpit display of traffic information

Subjective estimates of the threat posed by a single intruder aircraft were determined by showing pilots photographs of a cockpit display of traffic information. The time the intruder was away from the point of minimum separation was found to be the major determinant of the perception of threat. When asked to choose a maneuver to reduce the conflict, pilots selected maneuvers with a bias toward those that would have kept the intruders in sight had they been visible out the cockpit window.

Ellis, S. R.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Observed antiprotons and energy dependent confinement of cosmic rays: A conflict?

In the frame work of energy dependent confinement for cosmic rays, the energy spectrum inside the source is flatter than that observed. Antiproton observation suggests large amount of matter is being traversed by cosmic rays in some sources. As a result, secondary particles are produced in abundance. Their spectra was calculated and it is shown that the energy dependent confinement model is in conflict with some observations.

Stephens, S. A.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Resolving Sensory Conflict: the Effect of Muscle Vibration on Postural Stability

The otolith-tilt reinterpretation hypothesis (OTTR) proposes that the central nervous system adapts to weightlessness by reinterpreting all otolith input as linear motion. While interpreting otolith input exclusively as linear motion is functionally useful in space, it is maladaptive upon return to Earth. Astronauts have reported experiencing illusory sensations during head movement which contributes to postural instability. The effect is assessed of muscle vibration in combination with a variety of sensory conflicts on postural equilibrium. The equilibrium of six healthy subjects was tested using the EquiTest sensory test protocol, with and without the confounding influence of triceps surea vibration. The data were analyzed with repeated measures with vibration, vision status, and platform status as independent variables. All main effects and an interaction between the presence of vision and platform sway referencing were found to be significant. Overall, a 4.5 pct. decrease in postural stability was observed with vibration. The trend of the difference scores between conditions with and without vibration suggests that vibration is most destabilizing when the triceps surea is able to change length during postural sway (i.e., conditions with a fixed support surface). The impact of sway referencing vision was virtually identical to that of eye closure, providing compelling evidence that sway referencing 'nulls out' useful cues about subject sway.

Layne, Charles S.↗
NASA NTRS1991

The min-conflicts heuristic: Experimental and theoretical results

This paper describes a simple heuristic method for solving large-scale constraint satisfaction and scheduling problems. Given an initial assignment for the variables in a problem, the method operates by searching through the space of possible repairs. The search is guided by an ordering heuristic, the min-conflicts heuristic, that attempts to minimize the number of constraint violations after each step. We demonstrate empirically that the method performs orders of magnitude better than traditional backtracking techniques on certain standard problems. For example, the one million queens problem can be solved rapidly using our approach. We also describe practical scheduling applications where the method has been successfully applied. A theoretical analysis is presented to explain why the method works so well on certain types of problems and to predict when it is likely to be most effective.

Minton, Steven↗