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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 163 records · Page 9
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2012

Calibration and Data Analysis of the MC-130 Air Balance

Design, calibration, calibration analysis, and intended use of the MC-130 air balance are discussed. The MC-130 balance is an 8.0 inch diameter force balance that has two separate internal air flow systems and one external bellows system. The manual calibration of the balance consisted of a total of 1854 data points with both unpressurized and pressurized air flowing through the balance. A subset of 1160 data points was chosen for the calibration data analysis. The regression analysis of the subset was performed using two fundamentally different analysis approaches. First, the data analysis was performed using a recently developed extension of the Iterative Method. This approach fits gage outputs as a function of both applied balance loads and bellows pressures while still allowing the application of the iteration scheme that is used with the Iterative Method. Then, for comparison, the axial force was also analyzed using the Non-Iterative Method. This alternate approach directly fits loads as a function of measured gage outputs and bellows pressures and does not require a load iteration. The regression models used by both the extended Iterative and Non-Iterative Method were constructed such that they met a set of widely accepted statistical quality requirements. These requirements lead to reliable regression models and prevent overfitting of data because they ensure that no hidden near-linear dependencies between regression model terms exist and that only statistically significant terms are included. Finally, a comparison of the axial force residuals was performed. Overall, axial force estimates obtained from both methods show excellent agreement as the differences of the standard deviation of the axial force residuals are on the order of 0.001 % of the axial force capacity.

Booth, Dennis↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Wake Disturbance-Based Separation Criteria Study for Urban Air Mobility Aircraft

This study continues previous research evaluating the aircraft flight dynamics in the presence of wake disturbances. A model for fixed-wing-generated wake effects is input to the closed-loop system of a Revolutionary Vertical Lift Technology (RVLT) Lift+Cruise aircraft operating in the fixed-wing Cruise configuration. The wake effects are implemented as a time-varying nonlinear aerodynamic model that affect the stability, dynamic, and control derivatives of the aircraft at every time step. The final product of this study is a reduced separation minimum based on further simulation testing with the nonlinear RVLT Lift+Cruise aircraft model, as well as additional wake inputs from rotorcraft and static urban canyons.

Urban Air Mobility↗
NASA NTRS2016

A Review of Function Allocation and En Route Separation Assurance

Today's air traffic control system has reached a limit to the number of aircraft that can be safely managed at the same time. This air traffic capacity bottleneck is a critical problem along the path to modernization for air transportation. The design of the next separation assurance system to address this problem is a cornerstone of air traffic management research today. This report reviews recent work by NASA and others in the areas of function allocation and en route separation assurance. This includes: separation assurance algorithms and technology prototypes; concepts of operations and designs for advanced separation assurance systems; and specific investigations into air-ground and human-automation function allocation.

Lewis, Timothy A.↗
NASA NTRS1999

Airborne Separation Assurance and Traffic Management: Research of Concepts and Technology

To support the need for increased flexibility and capacity in the future National Airspace System, NASA is pursuing an approach that distributes air traffic separation and management tasks to both airborne and ground-based systems. Details of the distributed operations and the benefits and technical challenges of such a system are discussed. Technology requirements and research issues are outlined, and NASA s approach for establishing concept feasibility, which includes development of the airborne automation necessary to support the concept, is described.

Ballin, Mark G.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Spark Channel Dynamics of Electrostatic Discharges

When two differently-charged objects are brought in close proximity to each other, the resulting high electric fields can cause electron avalanche breakdown of the air gap separating the objects, a process known as electrostatic discharge (ESD). If enough initial charge is stored on the objects, the electrical breakdown can proceed to ionize the air to such a degree that a highly conductive filament of plasma forms in the gap, known as a spark channel. The spark electrically bridges the air gap, resulting in a rapid pulse of current that neutralizes the charge difference. The current pulse produces significant heating of the gas in the spark, resulting in dissociation, ionization, thermal radiation, and hydrodynamic expansion. ESD presents a hazard to electrically-sensitive devices, with consequences such as economic losses (e.g. damaged electronics) or unsafe response (e.g. unintended ignition of flammable gas mixtures, initiation of detonators, etc.). For this thesis, the ESD spark is taken to occur between two conducting electrodes, with the spark channel being axisymmetric in a cylindrical coordinate system centered on the channel. An RLC-type circuit is used for the discharge model of the ESD event. The spark is treated as a time-dependent resistance that is in series with a capacitance, an inductance, and (optionally) a load resistance representing a “victim” component under threat from the ESD event. The primary motivation of this work is to use a numerical hydrodynamic model to understand the energy dissipation and transport processes in the spark. The model consists of the compressible Euler equations of mass, momentum, and energy conservation together with an Eddington/P1 approximation for thermal radiation transport. To close the hydrodynamic system, an equation of state (EOS) was fitted from tabular data for air that accounts for the dissociation and ionization of air species. The hydrodynamic equations are solved using a conservative Lagrangian finite volume method. These partial differential equations are coupled to the circuit equations by calculation of the spark resistance via numerical integration of the electrical conductivity of the channel. Computational results are compared against experimental measurements of discharge current and radial density of the spark channel.

42 ENGINEERING↗
NASA NTRS1984

A concept for reducing oceanic separation minima through the use of a TCAS-derived CDTI

A concept for using a cockpit display of traffic information (CDTI), as derived from a modified version of the Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System 2 (TCAS 2), to support reductions in air traffic separation minima for an oceanic track system is presented. The concept, and the TCAS modifications required to support it, are described. The feasibility of the concept is examined from a number of standpoints, including expected benefits, maximum alert rates, and possible transition strategies. Various implementation issues are analyzed. Pilot procedures are suggested for dealing with alert situations. Possible variations of the concept are also examined. Finally, recommendations are presented for other studies and simulation experiments which can be used to further verify the feasibility of the concept.

Love, W. D.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Results from study of potential early commercial MHD power plants and from recent ETF design work

The study deals with different 'moderate technology' entry-level commercial MHD power plants. Two of the reference plants are based on combustion of coal with air preheated in a high-temperature regenerative air heater separately fired with a low-BTU gas produced in a gasifier integrated with the power plant. The third reference plant design is based on the use of oxygen enriched combustion air. Performance calculations show that an overall power plant efficiency of the order of 44% can be reached with the use of oxygen enrichment.

Hals, F.↗
NASA NTRS2011

Evaluation of High Density Air Traffic Operations with Automation for Separation Assurance, Weather Avoidance and Schedule Conformance

In this paper we discuss the development and evaluation of our prototype technologies and procedures for far-term air traffic control operations with automation for separation assurance, weather avoidance and schedule conformance. Controller-in-the-loop simulations in the Airspace Operations Laboratory at the NASA Ames Research Center in 2010 have shown very promising results. We found the operations to provide high airspace throughput, excellent efficiency and schedule conformance. The simulation also highlighted areas for improvements: Short-term conflict situations sometimes resulted in separation violations, particularly for transitioning aircraft in complex traffic flows. The combination of heavy metering and growing weather resulted in an increased number of aircraft penetrating convective weather cells. To address these shortcomings technologies and procedures have been improved and the operations are being re-evaluated with the same scenarios. In this paper we will first describe the concept and technologies for automating separation assurance, weather avoidance, and schedule conformance. Second, the results from the 2010 simulation will be reviewed. We report human-systems integration aspects, safety and efficiency results as well as airspace throughput, workload, and operational acceptability. Next, improvements will be discussed that were made to address identified shortcomings. We conclude that, with further refinements, air traffic control operations with ground-based automated separation assurance can routinely provide currently unachievable levels of traffic throughput in the en route airspace.

Prevot, Thomas↗
NASA NTRS1971

Vortex Wake Turbulence: Flight Tests Conducted During 1970

A flight test program designed to obtain data on the characteristics of wing-tip vortices generated by large jet aircraft was initiated on 12 February 1970. The objective was to update the interim air traffic separation standards issued on 21 January 1970 restricting the airspace behind the B-747 and C-5A aircraft 60 deg either side and 2,000 feet below to a distance of 10 miles. The program involved flight tests at three different locations, which were conducted simultaneously. (1) At the Edwards Air Force Base test range, a NASA CV-990 and F-104 probed the vortices of a C-5A. This supplemented previous flight tests in U-3A and F-104 behind a B-52 and C-5A. (2) At Seattle, the Boeing Company probed the vortices of a B-747 and a B-707-300 with a B-737 and F-86. In addition, approach, landing, takeoff, and crossing runway tests were conducted with a B-737 trailing a B-747. Immediately following the Edwards tests, the NASA CV-990 proceeded to Seattle and engaged in probing flights behind the same B-747 and B-707-300. (3) At Idaho Falls, Idaho, FAA personnel, utilizing the Atomic Energy Commission and Environmental Science Services Administration facilities and a 200 ft, instrumented tower, conducted 114 flights past the tower. The aircraft were positioned to permit their vortices to descend into the air flow sensors and smoke generated from various levels on the tower. This permitted obtaining measurements and photography of the vortex core diameters, tangential velocities and related characteristics. Immediately following this test phase, analysis of the interrelated data was completed by the project managers representing NASA, Boeing and FAA and a Compilation of Work Papers was issued on 30 April 1970. These data were the basis of a revised General Notice issued on 26 February 1970 which, in essence, modified the restricted airspace to five miles behind heavy jets in the 300,000 lb. gross takeoff weight category.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS2005

SATS HVO Concept Validation Experiment

A human-in-the-loop simulation experiment was conducted at the NASA Langley Research Center s (LaRC) Air Traffic Operations Lab (ATOL) in an effort to comprehensively validate tools and procedures intended to enable the Small Aircraft Transportation System, Higher Volume Operations (SATS HVO) concept of operations. The SATS HVO procedures were developed to increase the rate of operations at non-towered, non-radar airports in near all-weather conditions. A key element of the design is the establishment of a volume of airspace around designated airports where pilots accept responsibility for self-separation. Flights operating at these airports, are given approach sequencing information computed by a ground based automated system. The SATS HVO validation experiment was conducted in the ATOL during the spring of 2004 in order to determine if a pilot can safely and proficiently fly an airplane while performing SATS HVO procedures. Comparative measures of flight path error, perceived workload and situation awareness were obtained for two types of scenarios. Baseline scenarios were representative of today s system utilizing procedure separation, where air traffic control grants one approach or departure clearance at a time. SATS HVO scenarios represented approaches and departure procedures as described in the SATS HVO concept of operations. Results from the experiment indicate that low time pilots were able to fly SATS HVO procedures and maintain self-separation as safely and proficiently as flying today's procedures.

Consiglio, Maria↗
NASA NTRS2006

Conceptual Design of a Condensing Heat Exchanger for Space Systems Using Porous Media

Condensing heat exchangers are used in many space applications in the thermal and humidity control systems. In the International Space Station (ISS), humidity control is achieved by using a water cooled fin surface over which the moist air condenses, followed by "slurper bars" that take in both the condensate and air into a rotary separator and separates the water from air. The use of a cooled porous substrate as the condensing surface provides and attractive alternative that combines both heat removal as well as liquid/gas separation into a single unit. By selecting the pore sizes of the porous substrate a gravity independent operation may also be possible with this concept. Condensation of vapor into and on the porous surface from the flowing air and the removal of condensate from the porous substrate are the critical processes involved in the proposed concept. This paper describes some preliminary results of the proposed condensate withdrawal process and discusses the on-going design and development work of a porous media based condensing heat exchanger at the NASA Glenn Research Center in collaboration with NASA Johnson Space Center.

Hasan, Mohammad M.↗
NASA NTRS1998

Burner Emissions Associated with Lobed and Non-Lobed Fuel Injectors

The present experimental study examines NO(sub x), and CO emissions associated with three alternative fuel-injector geometries. These injectors mix fuel and air and strain their interfaces to differing extents and thus create different local equivalence ratios within flow regions upstream of flame ignition and stabilization. Two of the devices studied are lobed fuel injectors, in which molecular mixing of reactants is associated with streamwise vorticity generation, while the third one is a non-lobed fuel injector. Results show that rapid mixing allowed both lobed injector geometries to produce very lean premixed flame structures, with a lower achievable turn-down or fuel/air mass flux ratio than for the analogous non-lobed injector, which largely, produced distinct diffusion flames. All three injectors exhibited some level of sooting near walls and in the far-field region, with the non-lobed injector sooting to the greatest extent. At low fuel flow rates, in which the lobed injectors created locally very lean premixed conditions, there resulted lower NO(sub x) emissions as compared with non-lobed injector emissions. Yet at higher fuel-air mass flux ratios, NO(sub x) emissions from the lobed injectors were actually higher than for the nonlobed injector, likely due to reduced sooting and hence reduced radiative heat losses associated with enhanced mixing. For both lobed injector geometries examined here, CO emissions became high for low values of the fuel/air mass flux ratio, again consistent with locally premixed combustion behavior, despite the fact that fuel was injected separately from air directly into the burner test section. The present study demonstrates that, for fuel-air mixing enhancement devices, control of the local equivalence ratio is critical in order to optimize burner emissions.

Mitchell, M. G.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Ground Testing of an Oxygen Concentrator in a Simulated International Space Station (ISS) Cabin Environment

The method for supplying medical oxygen to respiratorily-compromised astronauts on the International Space Station (ISS) and in future Orion missions consists of drawing oxygen from high pressure oxygen tanks. An Oxygen Concentrator Module (OCM) is a device that pulls in ambient air and separates out the nitrogen, resulting in a high concentration oxygen source. This technology has the potential to eliminate resupply and oxygen-enrichment issues associated with using high pressure oxygen tanks and become an alternative technology to support medical oxygen operations for future exploration missions. In this study, we test the long-term performance of a Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS) OCM in a simulated ISS cabin environment. Humidified air, carbon dioxide, and fifteen representative trace contaminants are continuously injected through a enclosed test chamber where the OCM is challenged. This study included the first successful demonstration of the Trace Gas Injection System (TGIS), which reliably and continuously produced ISS levels of trace contaminants, carbon dioxide, and humidity in an enclosed environment. The TGIS is a new and unique ground capability with significant implications for Test Readiness Level (TRL) advancement of COTS items and Government Furnished Equipment (GFE). This study demonstrated that the tested OCM reliably delivers enriched oxygen mostly at desired performance specifications. This study also demonstrated that the OCM does not inadvertently concentrate trace gases in its oxygen product stream, as detectable concentrations of trace contaminants in the oxygen product stream were at all times below the simulated ISS levels.

medical oxygen↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Ground Testing of an Oxygen Concentrator in a Simulated International Space Station (ISS) Cabin Environment

The method for supplying medical oxygen to respiratorily-compromised astronauts on the International Space Station (ISS) and in future Orion missions consists of drawing oxygen from high pressure oxygen tanks. An Oxygen Concentrator Module (OCM) is a device that pulls in ambient air and separates out the nitrogen, resulting in a high concentration oxygen source. This technology has the potential to eliminate resupply and oxygen-enrichment issues associated with using high pressure oxygen tanks and become an alternative technology to support medical oxygen operations for future exploration missions. In this study, we test the long-term performance of a Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS) OCM in a simulated ISS cabin environment. Humidified air, carbon dioxide, and fifteen representative trace contaminants are continuously injected through an enclosed test chamber where the OCM is challenged. This study included the first successful demonstration of the Trace Gas Injection System (TGIS), which reliably and continuously produced ISS levels of trace contaminants, carbon dioxide, and humidity in an enclosed environment. The TGIS is a new and unique ground capability with significant implications for Test Readiness Level (TRL) advancement of COTS items and Government Furnished Equipment (GFE). This study demonstrated that the tested OCM reliably delivers enriched oxygen mostly at desired performance specifications. This study also demonstrated that the OCM does not inadvertently concentrate trace gases in its oxygen product stream, as detectable concentrations of trace contaminants in the oxygen product stream were at all times below the simulated ISS levels.

medical oxygen↗
DOE OSTI2023

Feasibility of Correlated Extensive Air Shower Detection with a Distributed Cosmic-Ray Network

We explore the sensitivity offered by a global network of cosmic-ray detectors to a novel, unobserved phenomenon: widely separated simultaneous extended air showers. Existing localized observatories work independently to observe individual showers, offering insight into the source and nature of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays. However no current observatory is large enough to provide sensitivity to anticipated processes such as the Gerasimova–Zatsepin effect or potential new physics that generate simultaneous air showers separated by hundreds to thousands of kilometers. A global network of consumer electronics (the Cosmic Rays Found In Smartphones (CRAYFIS) experiment), may provide a novel opportunity for observation of such phenomena. Two user scenarios are explored. In the first, with maximal user adoption, we find that statistically significant discoveries of spatially separated but coincident showers are possible within a couple years. In the second, more practical adoption model with 10 6 active devices, we find a worldwide CRAYFIS to be sensitive to novel "burst" phenomena where many simultaneous extensive air showers (EAS) occur at once.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Dataset: "Widespread Drought-driven Declines in Streamflows and Water quality in the Upper Colorado River Basin (1998-2022)"

This data package contains the associated data and scripts for Nagamoto, E., Ombadi, M., Ciulla, F. et al. Widespread drought-driven declines in streamflows and water quality in the Upper Colorado River Basin during 1998-2022. Commun Earth Environ 7, 734 (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-026-03890-5. This purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of the 21st century drought on water quantity and quality at catchments throughout the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB). We used stream flow, water temperature, specific conductance, air temperature, precipitation, and catchment attribute data for over 200 sites in the UCRB, collected from the National Water Information System using Basin3D (Varadharajan, 2023), GAGESII (Falcone, 2010), and the Google Earth Engine. We identified years of severe drought between 1998 and 2022 using the Standardized Precipitation Evaporation Index (SPEI), then calculated the relative change percentage of the stream flow, water temperature, and specific conductance from drought versus non-drought years. We used the attribute information from GAGESII to investigate what physical traits of catchments are associated streamflow vulnerability (greater relative change) or resilience to drought. We used land cover data from the National Land Cover Database (USGS, 2024) to assess any changes to physical attributes that may not be represented in the static attributes information in GAGESII. To increase data availability, we modeled stream temperature using methods from Willard, 2023. While the study period is water years 1998 to 2022, the raw water quantity and quality data extends to 1950 and the meteorological data extends to 1980. The data and code can be downloaded via the UCRB_drought.zip. Within the zip, the files are organized as follows: - INPUTS: Contains all input data used in UCRB_Drought_Workflow.ipynb - OUTPUTS: Contains all intermediate data created from UCRB_Drought_Workflow.ipynb as well as final products including the calculated Standardized Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) - climatic_variables: The code used to collect meteorologic data from Google Earth Engine - feature_importance: The code used for the catchment attributes analysis - preprocessing: Code used in UCRB_Drought_Workflow_Preprocessing.ipynb - pyeto: Code used in UCRB_Drought_Workflow_Preprocessing.ipynb - calculations: Code used in UCRB_Drought_Workflow_Impacts.ipynb - plotting: Code used in UCRB_Drought_Workflow_Impacts.ipynb - README.md - UCRB_Drought_Workflow_Preprocessing.ipynb: The code used to prep raw data for the analysis - UCRB_Drought_Workflow_Impact.ipynb: The code which uses the prepped raw data for analysis, and plots all figures - requirements_ucrb-drought_v2.yml: The requirements file to create a virtual environment and Jupyter Lab kernel to run the code The INPUTS folder is organized into the following major directories and sub-directories. The "RDC_WT_SC_RAW" folder contains raw data for streamflow, water temperature, and specific conductance in a ".h5" file. The "NLCD_RAW" folder contains ".csv" files with annual land cover percentages for counties within the UCRB. The "MET_RAW" folder contains a ".csv" file with monthly meteorological data (air temperature and precipitation) for the sites in the UCRB which was obtained from code in the climatic_variables folder. The "GAGESII" folder contains ".csv" files with physical catchment attribute variables for catchments across the country. The "WT_LSTM_data" folder contains ".csv" files with calculated WT (Willard, 2023) and the associated RMSEs. The "Upper_Colorado_River_Basin_Boundary" folder contains geographic data including a shapefile for plotting in the UCRB_Drought_Workflow.ipynb. The "RESERVOIRS_RAW" folder contains ".csv" files for each reservoir in the UCRB with daily reservoir storage. There are also two files in the INPUTS folder that have combined reservoir storage data and reservoir metadata. The OUTPUTS folder is organized into the following major directories and sub-directories. The "RDC_WT_SC_data" folder contains a folder "Water_year" with the associated cleaned data, metadata, and data availability information in ".csv" files, a folder "Median_Relchange" with the relative change comparing drought to non-drought years in ".csv" files, and a folder "Peak95_Min5_Relchange" that has ".csv" files for the relative change in peak (95th %) and minimum (5th %) variables. The "NLCD_data" folder contains the difference in land cover from the beginning to end of the study period and the percentage of the county that is within UCRB bounds can be found in Nagamoto et al (2025)). The "MET_data" folder contains separated monthly air temperature and precipitation data and the calculated PET in ".csv" files. The "SPEI_data" folder contains ".csv" files with calculated SPEI values (one restricted to the study period and the other with information from the entire MET data period). The "Paper_Tables" folder contains two ".csv" files containing site information and data availability and information about the GAGESII trait aggregated categories. The base directory includes the file “flmd.csv” for a list and description of all files and the file “dd.csv” for data dictionaries. Scripts for preprocessing, analysis, and figure generation are located in the associated GitHub repository found at [https://github.com/iNAIADS/drought-impacts/tree/develop/UCRB-drought]. UPDATE 1: Title and code file updated to match submitted manuscript 10-15-2025. UPDATE 2: Code and data files updated to match revised manuscript 3-4-2026. UPDATE 3: Code and data files updated to match revised manuscript 6-7-2026. ** NOTE: DD and FLMD have not been updated yet. UPDATE 4: Added associated Manuscript information and DD and FLMD have been updated. To cite this code, please use the following BibTeX: @misc{nagamoto2025drought, author = {Emily Nagamoto and Fabio Ciulla and Mohammad Ombadi and Jared Willard and Rosemary Carroll and Charuleka Varadharajan}, title = {Dataset: "Widespread Drought-driven Declines in Streamflows and Water quality in the Upper Colorado River Basin (1998-2022)"}, year = {2025}, doi = {10.15485/2551894}, publisher = {ESS-DIVE Repository}, url = {https://data.ess-dive.lbl.gov/datasets/doi:10.15485/2551894} }

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

UAM Variable Separation

NASA’s Urban Air Mobility (UAM) Sub-Project is engaged in research to support the introduction of air taxis into the National Airspace System. Such operations will require a range of communication, navigation, and surveillance systems. Air vehicles for UAM are under development and will initially have human pilots. Separation from other aircraft, obstacles, and weather may be a pilot responsibility or provided by an operator’s ground-based systems. Eventually, air taxis may be flown from the ground or fly autonomously. The variable separation concept adds separation buffers to air taxis depending upon their situation or location.

aeronautics↗
DOE OSTI2022

Facilitated transport membrane with functionalized ionic liquid carriers for CO 2 /N 2 , CO 2 /O 2 , and CO 2 /air separations

CO 2 separations from cabin air and the atmospheric air are challenged by the very low partial pressures of CO 2 . In this study, a facilitated transport membrane (FTM) is developed to separate CO 2 from air using functionalized ionic liquid (IL) and poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) carriers. A highly permeable bicontinuous structured poly(ethersulfone)/poly(ethylene terephthalate) ( b PES/PET) substrate is used to support the PIL–IL impregnated graphene oxide thin film. The CO 2 separation performance was tested under a mixture feed of CO 2 /N 2 /O 2 /H 2 O. Under 410 ppm of CO 2 at 1 atm feed gas, CO 2 permanence of 3923 GPU, and CO 2 /N 2 and CO 2 /O 2 selectivities of 1200 and 300, respectively, are achieved with helium sweeping on the permeate side. For increased transmembrane pressure (>0 atm), a thicker PIL–IL/GO layer was shown to provide mechanical strength and prevent leaching of the mobile carrier. CO 2 binding to the carriers, ion diffusivities, and the glass transition temperature of the PIL–IL gels were examined to determine the membrane composition and rationalize the superior separation performance obtained. This report represents the first FTM study with PIL–IL carriers for CO 2 separation from air.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗