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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 163 records · Page 9
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Gamma and Decay Energy Spectroscopy Measurements of Trinitite

We report gamma-ray spectroscopy measurements of trinitite samples and analogous samples obtained from detonation sites in Nevada and Semipalatinsk, as well as in situ measurements of topsoil at the Trinity site. We also report the first isotopic composition measurements of trinitite using the novel forensics technique of decay energy spectroscopy (DES) as a complement to traditional forensics techniques. Our gamma spectroscopy and DES measurements are compared to other published results.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

On the Symmetry of Blast Waves

This paper presents a brief historical review of G. I. Taylor’s solution of the point blast wave problem which was applied to the Trinity test of the first atomic bomb. Lie group symmetry techniques (also referred to throughout this paper as geometric techniques) are used to derive Taylor’s famous two-fifths law that relates the position of a blast wave to the time after the explosion and the total energy released. The theory of exterior differential systems is combined with the method of characteristics to demonstrate that the solution of the blast wave problem is directly related to the basic relationships that exist between the symmetry (or geometry) and the physics of wave propagation through the equations of motion. The point blast wave model is cast in terms of two exterior differential systems, and both systems are shown to be integrable with local solutions for the velocity, pressure, and density along curves in space and time behind the blast wave. This work is dedicated to the memory of Professor Roy Axford, who introduced many of his students to the topic of symmetry analysis of differential equations.

45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗
DOE OSTI2021

Mortality among workers at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, 1943–2017

During World War II (WWII), the Manhattan Engineering District established a secret laboratory in the mountains of northern New Mexico. The mission was to design, construct and test the first atomic weapon, nicknamed ‘The Gadget’ that was detonated at the TRINITY site in Alamogordo, NM. After WWII, nuclear weapons research continued, and the laboratory became the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The mortality experience of 26,328 workers first employed between 1943 and 1980 at LANL was determined through 2017. Included were 6157 contract workers employed by the ZIA Company. Organ dose estimates for each worker considered all sources of exposure, notably photons, neutrons, tritium, 238Pu and 239Pu. Vital status determination included searches within the National Death Index, Social Security Administration and New Mexico State Mortality Files. Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMR) and Cox regression models were used in the analyses. Most workers (55%) were hired before 1960, 38% had a college degree, 25% were female, 81% white, 13% Hispanic and 60% had died. Vital status was complete, with only 0.1% lost to follow-up. The mean dose to the lung for the 17,053 workers monitored for radiation was 28.6 weighted-mGy (maximum 16.8 weighted-Gy) assuming a Dose Weighting Factor of 20 for alpha particle dose to lung. The Excess Relative Risk (ERR) at 100 weighted-mGy was 0.01 (95%CI -0.02, 0.03; n = 839) for lung cancer. The ERR at 100 mGy was -0.43 (95%CI -1.11, 0.24; n = 160) for leukemia other than chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), -0.06 (95%CI -0.16, 0.04; n = 3043) for ischemic heart disease (IHD), and 0.29 (95%CI 0.02, 0.55; n = 106) for esophageal cancer. Among the 6499 workers with measurable intakes of plutonium, an increase in bone cancer (SMR 2.44; 95%CI 0.98, 5.03; n = 7) was related to dose. The SMR for berylliosis was significantly high, based on 4 deaths. SMRs for Hispanic workers were significantly high for cancers of the stomach and liver, cirrhosis of the liver, nonmalignant kidney disease and diabetes, but the excesses were not related to radiation dose. There was little evidence that radiation increased the risk of lung cancer or leukemia. Esophageal cancer was associated with radiation, and plutonium intakes were linked to an increase of bone cancer. IHD was not associated with radiation dose. More precise evaluations will await the pooled analysis of workers with similar exposures such as at Rocky Flats, Savannah River and Hanford.

63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTAN↗
DOE OSTI2015

Conference report on the 3rd International Symposium on Lithium Application for Fusion Devices

The third International Symposium on Lithium Application for Fusion Device (ISLA-2013) was held on 9-11 October 2013 at ENEA Frascati Centre with growing participation and interest from the community working on more general aspect of liquid metal research for fusion energy development. ISLA-2013 has been confirmed to be the largest and the most important meeting dedicated to liquid metal application for the magnetic fusion research. Overall, 45 presentation plus 5 posters were given, representing 28 institutions from 11 countries. The latest experimental results from nine magnetic fusion devices were presented in 16 presentations from NSTX (PPPL, USA), FTU (ENEA, Italy), T-11M (Trinity, RF), T-10 (Kurchatov Institute, RF), TJ-II (CIEMAT, Spain), EAST(ASIPP, China), HT-7 (ASIPP, China), RFX (Padova, Italy), KTM (NNC RK, Kazakhstan). Sessions were devoted to the following: (I) lithium in magnetic confinement experiments (facility overviews), (II) lithium in magnetic confinement experiments (topical issues), (III) special session on liquid lithium technology, (IV) lithium laboratory test stands, (V) Lithium theory/modelling/comments, (VI) innovative lithium applications and (VII) special Session on lithium-safety and lithium handling. There was a wide participation from the fusion technology communities, including IFMIF and TBM communities providing productive exchange with the physics oriented magnetic confinement liquid metal research groups. Furthermore, this international workshop will continue on a biennial basis (alternating with the Plasma-Surface Interactions (PSI) Conference) and the next workshop will be held at CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain, in 2015.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2026

YOLO11 to SAM2 pipeline for feature extraction from nuclear test films

The response to the effects of nuclear detonations is supported by models that describe the evolution of the nuclear fireball and cloud and the associated transport of active debris. Validation of those descriptions relies on data from the nuclear test operations. Video records of those events offer a rich source of information that was exploited to a limited extent in historic analyses. Computer vision and machine learning techniques are powerful tools that can be used to increase the number of measurements that can be obtained from those films. In this work, we apply computer vision techniques to automatically track the temporal evolution of the nuclear fireball. In particular, we apply You Only Look Once 11 (YOLO11) and Segment Anything Model 2 (SAM2) in combination with minimal human intervention to digitized versions of the original nuclear test films. As part of the proposed workflow, the YOLO11 model is applied to films to determine bounding boxes for the fireball within each frame. These are then used as inputs to SAM2, which uses image segmentation to determine the fireball boundaries and their temporal evolution. We assess the accuracy of our approach by using it to determine the energy released during the Trinity nuclear test and comparing the results with previous analyses based on manual measurements.

Van Exel, Kimberly [ORNL] (ORCID:0009000877463894)↗
DOE OSTI2026

Shell structure in 32P

The nuclear structure of 32P was investigated by detecting multi-γ coincidences along with charged light ions following the bombardment of an 18O target with a 30-MeV 16O beam from the Florida State University accelerator facility using the Clarion2-Trinity array of Clover γ spectrometers and GAGG (Gd-Al-Ga-garnet) scintillators for charged particles. A number of new states up to 12 MeV excitation and spins up to 9+ were observed by their γ decay patterns. Spins and parities were assigned by comparing measured γ angular distributions with polarizations inferred from Compton-scattering asymmetries between the Ge crystals in the Clover spectrometers. The new level scheme of 32P compares well with shell model calculations using the FSU cross-shell interaction and reasonably well with those using the sdpf-m interaction. In particular, structures with higher spin arise from promotion of more nucleons up to the f-p shell.

Allmond, James [ORNL] (ORCID:0000000165338721)↗
DOE OSTI2014

Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP) for Assessment of LANL-Derived Residual Radionuclides in Soils within Revised Tract A-16-a for Land Transfer Decisions

Material Disposal Area (MDA) B is an inactive subsurface disposal site located south of DP Road in Technical Area 21 (TA 21). It is approximately 1600 ft east of the intersection of DP Road and Trinity Drive (Figure 1). Land proposed for for transfer is identified as tract A-16-a and constitutes approximately 30 acres with about 6 of those acres being above the trench from which waste was removed (LANL 2012a).

61 RADIATION PROTECTION AND DOSIMETRY↗
DOE OSTI2014

Development of a Cavity Collapse Model of Cavitation Bubbles in Water in One and Two Dimensions using the Finite Volume FLAG Hydrocode at Atmospheric Pressure and 293K (Final Report)

Los Alamos National Laboratory was established in 1943 as the home of Project Y, The Manhattan Project directed by J. Robert Oppenheimer, with the aim of developing the world’s first atomic bomb. The project was successful and on the 16 th of July 1945 the first atomic bomb was detonated at Trinity Site. This development led to the creation of Little Boy and Fat Man, the two nuclear bombs dropped in Japan to end World War II. Today the laboratory has the responsibility of ensuring that the American nuclear deterrent is safe, secure and reliable. To ensure that this important responsibility is met, the laboratory carries out science in a wide range of areas. Its responsibilities are shared with Sandia National Laboratory (SNL) and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). All are laboratories managed by the Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA).

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2013

No-Impact Threshold Values for NRAP's Reduced Order Models

The purpose of this study was to develop methodologies for establishing baseline datasets and statistical protocols for determining statistically significant changes between background concentrations and predicted concentrations that would be used to represent a contamination plume in the Gen II models being developed by NRAP’s Groundwater Protection team. The initial effort examined selected portions of two aquifer systems; the urban shallow-unconfined aquifer system of the Edwards-Trinity Aquifer System (being used to develop the ROM for carbon-rock aquifers, and the a portion of the High Plains Aquifer (an unconsolidated and semi-consolidated sand and gravel aquifer, being used to development the ROM for sandstone aquifers). Threshold values were determined for Cd, Pb, As, pH, and TDS that could be used to identify contamination due to predicted impacts from carbon sequestration storage reservoirs, based on recommendations found in the EPA’s ''Unified Guidance for Statistical Analysis of Groundwater Monitoring Data at RCRA Facilities'' (US Environmental Protection Agency 2009). Results from this effort can be used to inform a ''no change'' scenario with respect to groundwater impacts, rather than the use of an MCL that could be significantly higher than existing concentrations in the aquifer.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2015

ASC Trilab L2 Codesign Milestone 2015

For the FY15 ASC L2 Trilab Codesign milestone Sandia National Laboratories performed two main studies. The first study investigated three topics (performance, cross-platform portability and programmer productivity) when using OpenMP directives and the RAJA and Kokkos programming models available from LLNL and SNL respectively. The focus of this first study was the LULESH mini-application developed and maintained by LLNL. In the coming sections of the report the reader will find performance comparisons (and a demonstration of portability) for a variety of mini-application implementations produced during this study with varying levels of optimization. Of note is that the implementations utilized including optimizations across a number of programming models to help ensure claims that Kokkos can provide native-class application performance are valid. The second study performed during FY15 is a performance assessment of the MiniAero mini-application developed by Sandia. This mini-application was developed by the SIERRA Thermal-Fluid team at Sandia for the purposes of learning the Kokkos programming model and so is available in only a single implementation. For this report we studied its performance and scaling on a number of machines with the intent of providing insight into potential performance issues that may be experienced when similar algorithms are deployed on the forthcoming Trinity ASC ATS platform.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2016

Programming Models in HPC

These are the slides for a presentation on programming models in HPC, at the Los Alamos National Laboratory's Parallel Computing Summer School. The following topics are covered: Flynn's Taxonomy of computer architectures; single instruction single data; single instruction multiple data; multiple instruction multiple data; address space organization; definition of Trinity (Intel Xeon-Phi is a MIMD architecture); single program multiple data; multiple program multiple data; ExMatEx workflow overview; definition of a programming model, programming languages, runtime systems; programming model and environments; MPI (Message Passing Interface); OpenMP; Kokkos (Performance Portable Thread-Parallel Programming Model); Kokkos abstractions, patterns, policies, and spaces; RAJA, a systematic approach to node-level portability and tuning; overview of the Legion Programming Model; mapping tasks and data to hardware resources; interoperability: supporting task-level models; Legion S3D execution and performance details; workflow, integration of external resources into the programming model.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2016

A Sailor in the Los Alamos Navy

As part of the War Department’s Manhattan Engineer District (MED), Los Alamos was an Army installation during World War II, complete with a base commander and a brace of MPs. But it was a unique Army installation, having more civilian then military personnel. Even more unique was the work performed by the civilian population, work that required highly educated scientists and engineers. As the breadth, scope, and complexity of the Laboratory’s work increased, more and more technically educated and trained personnel were needed. But, the manpower needs of the nation’s war economy had created a shortage of such people. To meet its manpower needs, the MED scoured the ranks of the Army for anyone who had technical training and reassigned these men to its laboratories, including Los Alamos, as part of its Special Engineer Detachment (SED). Among the SEDs assigned to Los Alamos was Val Fitch, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1980. Another was Al Van Vessem, who helped stack the TNT for the 100 ton test, bolted together the Trinity device, and rode shotgun with the bomb has it was driven from Los Alamos to ground zero.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Carbon Capture Multidisciplinary Simulation Center Trilab Support Team (TST) Fall Meeting 2016 Report

The theme of this year’s meeting was “Predictivity: Now and in the Future”. After welcoming remarks, Erik Draeger gave a talk on the NNSA Labs’ history of predictive simulation and the new challenges faced by upcoming architecture changes. He described an example where the volume of analysis data produced by a set of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) simulations on the Trinity machine was too large to store or transfer, and the steps needed to reduce it to a manageable size. He also described the software re-engineering plan for LLNL’s suite of multiphysics codes and physics packages with a new push toward common components, making collaboration with teams like the CCMSC who already have experience trying to architect complex multiphysics code infrastructure on next-generation architectures all the more important. Phil Smith then gave an overview outlining the goals of the project, namely to accelerate development of new technology in the form of high efficiency carbon capture pulverized coal power generation as well as further optimize existing state of the art designs. He then presented a summary of the Center’s top-down uncertainty quantification approach, in which ultimate target predictivity informs uncertainty targets for lower-level components, and gave data on how close all the different components currently are to their targets. Most components still need an approximately two-fold reduction in uncertainty to hit the ultimate predictivity target, but the current accuracy is already rather impressive.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2018

A Tale of Three Bombs

The first three implosion bombs, Trinity, Fat Man, Gilda, and Helen (Operation Crossroads) that ushered in the nuclear era tested the limit s of 1940’s technology in diagnostics probably more so than developing the explosive devices themselves. Measuring something that is millions of times hotter than the sun, has radiation levels higher than any stellar phenomenon, and occurring in a few millionths of second was a quite formidable task. But, with the use of cameras, electronics of the day, spectrographs, geosensors, microphone, and the unsurpassed cleverness of the Manhattan scientist output of the first nuclear detonations were not only accomplished but set the standard for testing. This presentations takes a short look at some of the diagnostics, the results and failure, and how they shaped the future of atomic testing.

45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗
DOE OSTI2018

Monthly report for ECP ATDM ST projects (July 2018)

The team worked on supporting compile and build on ATS2 initial deployment systems for SPARC. Conducted performance runs of EMPIRE on Trinity and an initial compile and run of SPARC on Intel Skylake processors.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2018

Top Ten Weapons Breakthrough in Los Alamos' History

The dawn of the Nuclear Age occurred on the morning of July 16,1945, when Los Alamos conducted the Trinity test. Scientists and engineers from the U.S., Britain, and Canada proved the feasibility of weaponizing energy from plutonium nuclear fission using an implosion mechanism.

45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗
DOE OSTI2019

Dover Light & Power 10 MWe Coal Direct Chemical Looping (CDCL) (Large Pilot Plant Test - Phase I Feasibility)

A feasibility study was conducted to install a 10 MWe coal direct chemical looping large pilot plant at a host site. The coal direct chemical looping technology was based on The Ohio State University and Babcock & Wilcox iron-based metal oxide technology coupling a moving bed reduction reactor with a circulating fluidized-bed oxidation reactor. The host site was the Dover Light & power Plant in Dover, Ohio. The Electric Power Research Institute performed the host site evaluation. Trinity Consultants prepared the Environmental Information Volume. WorleyParsons Group performed the civil engineering. Clear Skies Consulting served as lead on the Industrial Advisory Committee.

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗