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Replication Data for: Hydrogen migration at restructuring palladium-silver oxide boundaries dramatically enhances reduction rate of silver oxide
The data underlying this published work have been made publicly available in this repository as part of the IMASC Data Management Plan. This work was supported as part of the Integrated Mesoscale Architectures for Sustainable Catalysis (IMASC), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences under Award # DE-SC0012573.
Synthesis Microstructure and Explosive Properties of Spray-Deposited Silver Acetylide-Silver Nitrate Composite Light Initiated High Explosives.
Abstract Not Provided
SYNTHESIS MICROSTRUCTURE AND EXPLOSIVE PROPERTIES OF SPRAY-DEPOSITED SILVER ACETYLIDE-SILVER NITRATE COMPOSITE LIGHT INITIATED HIGH EXPLOSIVES.
Abstract not provided.
Improved Microstructure of Silver Acetylide-Silver Nitrate Explosive and Subsequent Effects to Detonation Performance.
Abstract not provided.
Gurney Analysis for High Shear Mixed Silver Acetylide-Silver Nitrate Explosive on Kapton Substrates.
Abstract not provided.
The concentration effect of capping agent for synthesis of silver nanowire by using the polyol method
Silver nanowires were synthesized by the polyol method employing ethylene glycol, Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and silver nitrate (AgNO{sub 3}) as the precursors. Most of the studies used metal salts (PtCl{sub 2}, NaCl) as seed precursor to synthesize the silver nanowires. In the study, the metal salts were not used and the concentration of capping agent was changed to observe the aspect ratio of silver nanowires. The experimental results showed that controlling synthesis temperature, Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) molecular weight, reactant concentrations, and addition rates of AgNO{sub 3} affects the growth characteristics of silver nanowires. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy, UV–vis spectrophotometry, and X-ray diffractometry were employed to characterize the silver nanowires. As increasing the concentration of PVP, the silver nanowire diameter widened and resulted in a smaller aspect ratio. We successfully prepared silver nanowires (diameter: 170 nm, length: 20 μm). The silver nanowire thin film suspension showed high transmittance, low sheet resistance, and may be used for transparent conductive film applications. - Graphical abstract: The FE-SEM image shows that nanostructures with considerable quantities of silver nanowires can also be produced when the PVP (Mw=360 K)/AgNO{sub 3} molar ratio was 2.5. - Highlights: • The polyol method was used to synthesize of silver nanowire. • The metal seed precursors were not used before synthesizing the silver nanowires. • The silver nanowire diameter and length was 170 nm and 20 μm, respectively. • Silver nanowire film with high transmittance (>85%) and low sheet resistance (<110 Ω/sq)
Biosynthesis and structural characterization of silver nanoparticles from bacterial isolates
Graphical abstract: In this study five bacterial isolates belong to different genera were found to be able to biosynthesize silver nanoparticles. Biosynthesis and spectral characterization are reported here. Highlights: {yields} About 300 bacterial isolates were screened for their ability to produce nanosilvers {yields} Five of them were potential candidates for synthesis of silver nanoparticles {yields} Production of silver nanoparticles was examined using UV-Vis, XRD, SEM and EDS. {yields} The presence of nanoparticles with all five bacterial isolates was confirmed. -- Abstract: This study aimed to develop a green process for biosynthesis of silver nanomaterials by some Egyptian bacterial isolates. This target was achieved by screening an in-house culture collection consists of 300 bacterial isolates for silver nanoparticle formation. Through screening process, it was observed that strains belonging to Escherichia coli (S30, S78), Bacillus megaterium (S52), Acinetobacter sp. (S7) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S54) were potential candidates for synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The extracellular production of silver nanoparticles by positive isolates was investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results demonstrated that UV-visible spectrum of the aqueous medium containing silver ion showed a peak at 420 nm corresponding to the plasmon absorbance of silver nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscopy micrograph showed formation of silver nanoparticles in the range of 15-50 nm. XRD-spectrum of the silver nanoparticles exhibited 2{theta} values corresponding to the silver nanocrystal that produce in hexagonal and cubic crystal configurations with different plane of orientation. In addition, the signals of the silver atoms were observed by EDS-spectrum analysis that confirms the presence of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in all positive bacterial isolates.
Using a Chromatographic Pseudophase Model To Elucidate the Mechanism of Olefin Separation by Silver(I) Ions in Ionic Liquids
Silver(I) ions undergo selective olefin complexation and have been utilized in various olefin/paraffin separation techniques such as argentation chromatography and facilitated transport membranes. Ionic liquids (ILs) are solvents known for their low vapor pressure, high thermal stability, low melting points, and ability to promote a favorable solvation environment for silver(I) ion–olefin interactions. To develop highly selective separation systems, a fundamental understanding of analyte partitioning to the stationary phase and the thermodynamic driving forces behind solvation is required. In this study, a chromatographic model treating silver(I) ions as a pseudophase is constructed and employed for the first time to investigate the olefin separation mechanism in silver(I) salt/IL mixtures. Stationary phases containing varying amounts of noncoordinated silver(I) salt ([Ag + ][NTf 2 – ]) dissolved in the 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide ([C 10 MIM + ][NTf 2 – ]) IL are utilized to determine the partition coefficients of various analytes including alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatics, aldehyde, esters, and ketones. As ligand coordination to silver(I) ions is known to lower its olefin complexation capability, this study also examines two different types of coordinated silver(I) ion pseudophases, namely, monocoordinated silver(I) salt ([Ag + (1-decyl-2-methylimidazole, DMIM)][NTf 2 – ]) and dicoordinated silver(I) salt ([Ag + (1-methylimidazole, MIM)(DMIM)][NTf 2 – ]). The extent of olefin partitioning to the coordinated silver(I) ion pseudophases over the carrier gas and IL decreased by up to two orders of magnitude. Values for enthalpy, entropy, and free energy of solvation were determined for the three silver(I) ion-containing systems. Olefin retention was observed to be enthalpically dominated, while ligand coordination to the silver(I) ion pseudophase resulted in variations for both enthalpic and entropic contributions to the free energy of solvation. Furthermore, the developed model can be used to study chemical changes that occur in silver(I) ions over time as well as identify optimal silver(I) salt/IL mixtures that yield high olefin selectivity.
Method for Reduction of Silver Biocide Plating on Metal Surfaces
Silver ions in aqueous solutions (0.05 to 1 ppm) are used for microbial control in water systems. The silver ions remain in solution when stored in plastic containers, but the concentration rapidly decreases to non-biocidal levels when stored in metal containers. The silver deposits onto the surface and is reduced to non-biocidal silver metal when it contacts less noble metal surfaces, including stainless steel, titanium, and nickel-based alloys. Five methods of treatment of contact metal surfaces to deter silver deposition and reduction are proposed: (1) High-temperature oxidation of the metal surface; (2) High-concentration silver solution pre-treatment; (3) Silver plating; (4) Teflon coat by vapor deposition (titanium only); and (5) A combination of methods (1) and (2), which proved to be the best method for the nickel-based alloy application. The mechanism associated with surface treatments (1), (2), and (5) is thought to be the development of a less active oxide layer that deters ionic silver deposition. Mechanism (3) is an attempt to develop an equilibrium ionic silver concentration via dissolution of metallic silver. Mechanism (4) provides a non-reactive barrier to deter ionic silver plating. Development testing has shown that ionic silver in aqueous solution was maintained at essentially the same level of addition (0.4 ppm) for up to 15 months with method (5) (a combination of methods (1) and (2)), before the test was discontinued for nickel-based alloys. Method (1) resulted in the maintenance of a biocidal level (approximately 0.05 ppm) for up to 10 months before that test was discontinued for nickel-based alloys. Methods (1) and (2) used separately were able to maintain ionic silver in aqueous solution at essentially the same level of addition (0.4 ppm) for up to 10 months before the test was discontinued for stainless steel alloys. Method (3) was only utilized for titanium alloys, and was successful at maintaining ionic silver in aqueous solution at essentially the same level of addition (0.4 ppm) for up to 10 months before the test was discontinued for simple flat geometries, but not for geometries that are difficult to Teflon coat.
Characterizing Olefin Selectivity and Stability of Silver Salts in Ionic Liquids Using Inverse Gas Chromatography
Separation systems utilizing silver(I) ion-olefin complexation have limitations since silver(I) ions can be poisoned or reduced to metallic silver. Ionic liquids (ILs) are used as solvents for silver(I) ions to facilitate separations since their physico-chemical properties can be easily tuned. To develop separation systems with sustainable olefin selectivity, factors that affect silver(I) ion stability need to be understood. In this study, a total of 13 silver salt/IL mixtures were examined by inverse gas chromatography to identify the effects of silver salt anion and IL cation/anion combination on silver(I) ion stability. The effects of temperature and three different exposure gases on silver(I) ion stability were systematically studied. Exposing silver salt/IL mixtures to hydrogen at high temperatures had a greater effect on decreasing silver(I) ion-olefin complexation. Silver(I) ions from the silver bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide ([NTf 2 – ]) salt were more stable in [NTf 2 – ]-containing ILs than in [BF 4 – ]-containing ILs. Optimum mixtures exhibited high olefin selectivity and were stable beyond 90 h when exposed to hydrogen gas.
Synthesis of water soluble glycine capped silver nanoparticles and their surface selective interaction
Highlights: • Synthesis of water soluble silver nanoparticles at ambient reaction conditions. • Glycine as stabilizing agent for silver nanoparticles. • Surface selective interaction of glycine with silver nanoparticles. • Glycine concentration influences crystalinity and optical property of silver nanoparticles. - Abstract: Synthesis of biocompatible metal nanoparticles has been an area of significant interest because of their wide range of applications. In the present study, we have successfully synthesized water soluble silver nanoparticles assisted by small amino acid glycine. The method is primarily based on reduction of AgNO{sub 3} with NaBH{sub 4} in aqueous solution under atmospheric air in the presence of glycine. UV–vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X–ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) techniques used for characterization of resulting silver nanoparticles demonstrated that, glycine is an effective capping agent to stabilize silver nanoparticles. Surface selective interaction of glycine on (1 1 1) face of silver nanoparticles has been investigated. The optical property and crystalline behavior of silver nanoparticles were found to be sensitive to concentration of glycine. X–ray diffraction studies ascertained the phase specific interaction of glycine on silver nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles synthesized were of diameter 60 nm. We thus demonstrated an efficient synthetic method for synthesis of water soluble silver nanoparticles capped by amino acid under mild reaction conditions with excellent reproducibility.
Effect of silver incorporation in phase formation and band gap tuning of tungsten oxide thin films
Silver incorporated tungsten oxide thin films are prepared by RF magnetron sputtering technique. The effect of silver incorporation in micro structure evolution, phase enhancement, band gap tuning and other optical properties are investigated using techniques such as x-ray diffraction, micro-Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and UV-Visible spectroscopy. Effect of silver addition in phase formation and band gap tuning of tungsten oxide thin films are investigated. It is found that the texturing and phase formation improves with enhancement in silver content. It is also found that as the silver incorporation enhances the thickness of the films increases at the same time the strain in the film decreases. Even without annealing the desired phase can be achieved by doping with silver. A broad band centered at the wavelength 437 nm is observed in the absorption spectra of tungsten oxide films of higher silver incorporation and this can be attributed to surface plasmon resonance of silver atoms present in the tungsten oxide matrix. The transmittance of the films is decreased with increase in silver content which can be due to increase in film thickness, enhancement of scattering, and absorption of light caused by the increase of grain size, surface roughness and porosity of films and enhanced absorption due to surface plasmon resonance of silver. It is found that silver can act as the seed for the growth of tungsten oxide grains and found that the grain size increases with silver content which in turn decreases the band gap of tungsten oxide from 3.14 eV to 2.70 eV.
Material Compatibility Study of Coated Metals to Maintain Biocidal Silver in a Spacecraft Potable Water System
Ionic silver-based biocide remains an option of choice for microbial control in spacecraft potable water systems. However, depletion of silver ions by wetted materials readily reduces ionic silver to nonbiocidal levels. This phenomenon occurs via various transport mechanisms at the liquid-solid interfaces between the silver-containing water and adjacent surfaces. Consequently, challenges remain in the design and/or selection of materials that can be used for the wetted system components that will help ensure silver is maintained at biocidal levels. Since silver has been baselined, and/or remains, as a potable water biocide option for several future spacecraft potable water systems, a multitiered approach is being investigated, looking at heritage materials, new processes, and/or alterative materials. This study conducted the application of eleven chemically-resistant coatings onto coupons that were cut out from three types of spacecraft-grade metals (Titanium Grade 2, Inconel 718, and 316L Stainless Steel) to investigate the performance of this material strategy as a barrier against silver depletion. In this investigation, the coated metals were immersed in a static 400 parts per billion silver biocide solution at a surface-area-to-volume ratio of 2.0 cm^(-1) and left to soak for predefined time periods. The concentration of the solution in contact with the coated samples was analyzed at various points via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and the measurements were interpreted as silver retention percentages over time. This paper summarizes the coating selection process, the configuration of the test, and the performance of each coating-metal combination at diminishing silver depletion. The preliminary results demonstrate that some of the selected coatings succeeded at maintaining biocidal silver concentrations far beyond the corresponding base metal in a similar test. The knowledge acquired through this investigation supports the deploying of coatings on plumbing lines for the integration of biocidal silver in the water system architecture of a spacecraft. Nevertheless, further testing must be continued to assess the performance of these coatings on other wetted geometries and any implications of unifying this material strategy with traditional and developmental engineering design processes for spacecraft potable water systems.
Evolution of silver nanoparticles in the rat lung investigated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy
Following a 6-h inhalation exposure to aerosolized 20 and 110 nm diameter silver nanoparticles, lung tissues from rats were investigated with X-ray absorption spectroscopy, which can identify the chemical state of silver species. Lung tissues were processed immediately after sacrifice of the animals at 0, 1, 3, and 7 days post exposure and the samples were stored in an inert and low-temperature environment until measured. We found that it is critical to follow a proper processing, storage and measurement protocol; otherwise only silver oxides are detected after inhalation even for the larger nanoparticles. The results of X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements taken in air at 85 K suggest that the dominating silver species in all the postexposure lung tissues were metallic silver, not silver oxide, or solvated silver cations. The results further indicate that the silver nanoparticles in the tissues were transformed from the original nanoparticles to other forms of metallic silver nanomaterials and the rate of this transformation depended on the size of the original nanoparticles. Furthermore, we found that 20 nm diameter silver nanoparticles were significantly modified after aerosolization and 6-h inhalation/deposition, whereas larger, 110 nm diameter nanoparticles were largely unchanged. Over the seven-day postexposure period the smaller 20 nm silver nanoparticles underwent less change in the lung tissue than the larger 110 nm silver nanoparticles. In contrast, silica-coated gold nanoparticles did not undergo any modification processes and remained as the initial nanoparticles throughout the 7-day study period.
Assessment of Silver Based Disinfection Technology for CEV and Future US Spacecraft
Silver biocide offers a potential advantage over iodine, the current state-of-the-art in US spacecraft disinfection technology, in that silver can be safely consumed by the crew. As such, silver may reduce the overall complexity and mass of future spacecraft potable water systems, particularly those used to support long duration missions. A primary technology gap identified for the use of silver biocide is one of material compatibility. Wetted materials of construction are required to be selected such that silver ion concentrations can be maintained at biocidally effective levels. Preliminary data on silver biocide depletion rates in heritage spacecraft potable water system wetted-materials of construction has been gathered as part of a multi-phase test project aimed at the characterization of silver based biocide technology through: development of preferred materials lists, investigation of silver biocide forms and delivery methods, down-selection of silver biocide technologies, and integrated testing. A 10% - 20% loss in silver ion concentration per day was observed for acid passivated Nitronic 40 tubing with surface area to volume (S/V) ratios of approximately 4.59 cm-1. The Nitronic 40 tubes were tested both with and without biocide pretreatment. Silver biocide depletion was also observed at approximately 0.1% per day for the first 35 days of exposure to acid passivated Inconel 718 coupon, S/V of approximately 0.14 cm-1. Surface analysis by scanning election microscopy (SEM) suggested deposition of silver metal on both test materials. SEM analysis also provided evidence of potential variability in the passivation process for tube configuration of the Nitronic 40 test apparatus. These preliminary results are presented and discussed herein, along with the current project status.
Feasibility Testing of Silver Electrolysis for Disinfection of Spacecraft Potable Water Systems
Anodic dissolution of silver electrodes, or “silver electrolysis,” is being investigated as a means of introducing biocidal silver into potable water on exploration spacecraft. A proof-of-concept prototype of a silver electrolysis reactor was developed, and feasibility was demonstrated for imparting a target silver concentration into a spacecraft water system. Prototype testing showed that the primary initial concerns related to the technology - inefficiencies of electrolysis in low conductivity water, the potential formation of resistive oxides on the electrode surfaces, and the potential for release of electrolytically-generated silver particles to the effluent water - were not problematic over the duration of the feasibility testing. The testing also demonstrated advantages of the technology, including the ability to consistently deliver silver at targeted concentrations and the ability to directly correlate the silver concentration to measurements of water conductivity. On the other hand, the reliability of the system has not yet been demonstrated. During prototype testing, intermittent periods of poor reactor performance manifested as a decrease in voltage accompanied by a decrease in silver output. It was determined that the cause of this behavior was silver-based deposits on inter-electrode wetted surfaces forming a conductive “bridge” between electrodes. Ongoing testing and refinement of the prototype reactor design seek to elucidate the root cause the bridging phenomenon and identify associated mitigation strategies. Once resolved, long-term performance testing is planned as part of continued development of the electrolytic silver dosing system.