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At least 163 records · Page 9

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

DOE OSTI2015

Underground test coordination at the waste isolation pilot plant - 15229

Underground test coordination is a critical component of safe and efficient conduct of testing operations in a working underground research laboratory (URL). This is particularly important when planning and implementing large, multi-organizational field-scale test programs, when the URL is co-located with an operating repository, or when the host facility, such as the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), is recovering from off-normal events. As such, the Department of Energy Carlsbad Field Office developed an Integrated Project Team (IPT) charter in late 2013 establishing the WIPP underground Test Coordination Office (TCO). The IPT was established to ensure that underground science activities are coordinated, implemented, and managed in an integrated, consistent, efficient, cost-effective, safe, and environmentally compliant manner that maintains quality assurance standards. This is done while ensuring testing operations do not interfere with the WIPP's primary mission, the disposal of transuranic (TRU) waste, and at present, the recovery of WIPP operations. This paper reports the current status of the WIPP underground science and testing programs within the framework of the WIPP stabilization and recovery activities and describes the role of the TCO for current activities as well as for the long-term success of an underground research laboratory. As a result of the underground fire and radiological incident of early February 2014, during this recent period of WIPP recovery, the TCO is ensuring the requirements of the scientific programs are met and that work activities are planned and implemented in compliance with enhanced work control processes and corrective actions imposed at WIPP. This paper addresses the impacts of the accidents at WIPP on the many science experiments that were in process when the events occurred. It presents the plans for their recovery in concert with WIPP's recovery plans, and summarizes the impacts of new underground processes and procedures that will be imposed on the science work as a result. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

DOE OSTI2013

Next Step for STEP (Siletz Tribal Energy Program)

The Siletz Tribal Energy Program (STEP), housed in the Tribe’s Planning Department, will hire a data entry coordinator to collect, enter, analyze and store all the current and future energy efficiency and renewable energy data pertaining to administrative structures the tribe owns and operates and for homes in which tribal members live. The proposed data entry coordinator will conduct an energy options analysis in collaboration with the rest of the Siletz Tribal Energy Program and Planning Department staff. An energy options analysis will result in a thorough understanding of tribal energy resources and consumption, if energy efficiency and conservation measures being implemented are having the desired effect, analysis of tribal energy loads (current and future energy consumption), and evaluation of local and commercial energy supply options. A literature search will also be conducted. In order to educate additional tribal members about renewable energy, we will send four tribal members to be trained to install and maintain solar panels, solar hot water heaters, wind turbines and/or micro-hydro.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2023

Water Power Technologies Office: 2021-2022 Accomplishments Report

The report details key performance goals for each of WPTO’s activity areas until 2025 and includes long-term, follow-on objectives through 2030. This report serves as a strategic vision and operational guide to help WPTO manage and coordinate its future activities and communicate its mission, goals, and plans. The Multi-Year Program Plan was an integral part of the 2022 Peer Review, providing reviewers insight and guidance on the office’s strategy to which WPTO-funded projects must align.

13 HYDRO ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2023

Optimal Siting of EV Fleet Charging Station Considering EV Mobility and Microgrid Formation for Enhanced Grid Resilience

Coordinating infrastructure planning for transportation and the power grid is essential for enhanced reliability and resilience during operation and disaster management. This paper presents a two-stage stochastic model to optimize the location of electric vehicle fleet charging stations (FEVCSs) to enhance the resilience of a distribution network. The first stage of this model deals with the decision to place an FEVCS at the most favorable and optimized location, whereas the second stage aims to minimize the weighted sum of the value of lost load in multiple potential scenarios with different faults. Indeed, the second stage is a joint grid restoration scheme with network reconfiguration and microgrid formation using available distributed generators and fleet electric vehicles. The proposed model is tested on a modified IEEE-33 node distribution network and a four-node transportation network. Case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗

NASA NTRS1991

International Solar Terrestrial Physics (ISTP) program

The International Solar Terrestrial Physics (ISTP) Program is a large, multi-national program involving three space agencies and up to eight spacecraft. NASA, together with the Institute of Space and Astronomical Science (ISAS) and the European Space Agency (ESA), has agreed in principle to coordinate their efforts in investigating the Sun and the Earth. Each agency is planning to construct and operate different spacecraft as part of this cooperative venture: Geotail provided by ISAS, the Solar Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) and Cluster (four spacecraft) contributed by ESA, and Wind and Polar by NASA. A general description of the program is presented.

Sanford, R.↗

NASA NTRS2002

Flight Evaluation of the Army/NASA Variable Stability Fly-by-Wire Rotorcraft Aircrew Systems Concept Airborne Laboratory (RASCAL) JUH-60A

NASA Ames Research Center and the U.S. Army Aeroflight dynamics Directorate (AFDD) have performed initial flight evaluations of the Research Flight Control System (RFCS) integrated into the Army/NASA Rotorcraft Aircrew Systems Concepts Airborne Laboratory (RASCAL) JUH-GOA. The highly modified JUH-GOA Black Hawk helicopter is a full authority, high bandwidth, variable stability, in-flight simulator designed to support development of advanced flight control, sensor, and integrated display and control technologies in a fail safe environment. Preparation for flight test required an extensive hazard analysis and ground testing to ensure proper system operation. A hardware in the loop development facility was utilized to evaluate control law stability following software changes, assess servo hardover upset conditions during manual and monitor disengagements and provide pilot familiarization of test techniques and software changes prior to flight. First engagement of the RFCS was conducted on 31 Aug 2001. RFCS transfer system operation, envelope expansion and a limited rate monitor evaluation have been completed with low bandwidth and model following control laws. The presentation will discuss the following - System overview including aircraft modifications and integrated development facilities used with the RASCAL facility. - Preliminary hazard identification and mitigation prior to flight test. - Ground testing used to qualify the RFCS transfer system and verify fault monitor operation. - Flight test results of low-bandwidth and model following control law evaluations including maneuver agility, control limitations, fault monitor reliability, and recovery from manual and monitor disengagement. - Lessons learned including test techniques using a passive three-axis sidearm controller, the value of the development facility in reducing risk and crew coordination issues related to the operation of a full authority, variable stability platform. - Future research and modifications planned for the RASCAL aircraft.

Dave Arterburn↗

NASA NTRS2011

The Story Behind the Numbers: Lessons Learned from the Integration of Monitoring Resources in Addressing an ISS Water Quality Anomaly

Beginning in June of 2010 an environmental mystery was unfolding on the International Space Station (ISS). The U.S. Water Processor Assembly (WPA) began to produce water with increasing levels of total organic carbon (TOC). A surprisingly consistent upward TOC trend was observed through weekly in-flight total organic carbon analyzer (TOCA) monitoring. As TOC is a general organics indicator, return of water archive samples was needed to make better-informed crew health decisions and to aid in WPA troubleshooting. TOCA-measured TOC was more than halfway to its health-based screening limit before archive samples could be returned on Soyuz 22 and analyzed. Although TOC was confirmed to be elevated, somewhat surprisingly, none of the typical target compounds were the source. After some solid detective work, it was confirmed that the TOC was associated with a compound known as dimethylsilanediol (DMSD). DMSD is believed to be a breakdown product of silicon-containing compounds present on ISS. A toxicological limit was set for DMSD and a forward plan developed for operations given this new understanding of the source of the TOC. This required extensive coordination with ISS stakeholders and innovative use of available in-flight and archive monitoring resources. Behind the numbers and scientific detail surrounding this anomaly, there exists a compelling story of multi-disciplinary awareness, teamwork, and important environmental lessons learned.

McCoy, Torin↗

DOE OSTI2025

Synopsis of NREL's Automated Mobility District (AMD) Research Program and Associated Publications

An automated mobility district (AMD) envisions a system of integrated mobility options that serves major activity centers such as campuses, central business districts, and large medical facilities. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has been investigating the implementation prospects for fully automated passenger transport systems that are deployed to operate within dense urban settings. This document provides a synopsis of findings revealed over the last three phases of work, which have yielded insights into the creation and management of AMDs anticipated to use automated vehicle (AV) technology over the next decade. Phase I and Phase II tracked the deployment and lessons learned from 10 early-stage demonstrations of automated shuttle deployments, and their associated insights into the challenges for automated driving systems to achieve safe operations within district-scale deployments. Phase III began in-depth investigations of critical subsystem components, as automation, electrification, and on-demand service continue to converge within initial AMD operations. These directed studies focus on elements of electrification, curbfront/station management, the role of infrastructure sensing, and overall integration of AMD safety management in central, simultaneous coordination of multiple AMD fleets. Future research in AMDs includes systems engineering methodology (more frequently referred to as "digital twins") for planning, design, testing, and ongoing operation of AMDs; location (or co-location) of management functions; and human supervision and passenger communications for safety and security in unattended vehicles. The synopsis references the foundational research products (papers and presentations) that have been published through conference proceedings, journal articles, and NREL reports.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗

NASA NTRS1997

Design and Operational Evaluation of the Traffic Management Advisor at the Ft. Worth Air Route Traffic Control Center

NASA and the FAA have designed and developed and an automation tool known as the Traffic Management Advisor (TMA). The system was operationally evaluated at the Ft. Worth Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC). The TMA is a time-based strategic planning tool that provides Traffic Management Coordinators and En Route Air Traffic Controllers the ability to efficiently optimize the capacity of a demand impacted airport. The TMA consists of trajectory prediction, constraint-based runway scheduling, traffic flow visualization and controllers advisories. The TMA was used and operationally evaluated for forty-one rush traffic periods during a one month period in the Summer of 1996. The evaluations included all shifts of air traffic operations as well as periods of inclement weather. Performance data was collected for engineering and human factor analysis and compared with similar operations without the TMA. The engineering data indicates that the operations with the TMA show a one to two minute per aircraft delay reduction during rush periods. The human factor data indicate a perceived reduction in en route controller workload as well as an increase in job satisfaction. Upon completion of the evaluation, the TMA has become part of the normal operations at the Ft. Worth ARTCC.

Swenson, Harry N.↗

NASA NTRS2016

Infrared Observations of the Orion Capsule During EFT-1 Hypersonic Reentry

High-resolution infrared observations of the Orion capsule during its atmospheric reentry on December 5, 2015 were made from a US Navy NP-3D. This aircraft, equipped with a long-range optical sensor system, tracked the capsule from Mach 10 to 7 from a distance of approximately 60 nmi. Global surface temperatures of the capsule's thermal heatshield were derived from near infrared intensity measurements. The global surface temperature measurements complemented onboard instrumentation and were invaluable to the interpretation of the in-depth thermocouple measurements which rely on inverse heat transfer methods and material response codes to infer the desired surface temperature from the sub-surface measurements. The full paper will address the motivations behind the NASA Engineering Safety Center sponsored observation and highlight premission planning processes with an emphasis on aircraft placement, optimal instrument configuration and sensor calibrations. Critical aspects of mission operations coordinated from the NASA Johnson Spaceflight Center and integration with the JSC Flight Test Management Office will be discussed. A summary of the imagery that was obtained and processed to global surface temperature will be presented. At the capsule's point of closest approach relative to the imaging system, the spatial resolution was estimated to be approximately 15-inches per pixel and was sufficient to identify localized temperature increases associated with compression pad support hardware on the heatshield. The full paper will discuss the synergy of the quantitative imagery derived temperature maps with in-situ thermocouple measurements. Comparison of limited onboard surface thermocouple data to the image derived surface temperature will be presented. The two complimentary measurements serve as an example of the effective leveraging of resources to advance the understanding of high Mach number environments associated with an ablated heatshield and provide unique data for the validation of design tools and numerical flight simulation techniques. Collaborative opportunities and technology investments in support of planned observations of NASA's next Orion flight test in 2018 will be explored in the full manuscript.

Horvath, Thomas J.↗

NASA NTRS1996

Operational Use of Civil Space-Based Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is a remote-sensing technology which uses the motion of the aircraft or spacecraft carrying the radar to synthesize an antenna aperture larger than the physical antenna to yield a high-spatial resolution imaging capability. SAR systems can thus obtain high-spatial resolution geophysical measurements of the Earth over wide surface areas, under all-weather, day/night conditions. This report was prepared to document the results of a six-month study by an Ad Hoc Interagency Working Group on the Operational Use of Civil (i.e., non-military) Space-based Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). The Assistant Administrator of NOAA for Satellite and Information Services convened this working group and chaired three meetings of the group over a six-month period. This action was taken in response to a request by the Associate Administrator of NASA for Mission to Planet Earth for an assessment of operational applications of SAR to be accomplished in parallel with a separate study requested of the Committee on Earth Studies of the Space Studies Board of the National Research Council on the scientific results of SAR research missions. The representatives of participating agencies are listed following the Preface. There was no formal charter for the working group or long term plans for future meetings. However, the working group may be reconstituted in the future as a coordination body for multiagency use of operational SAR systems.

Montgomery, Donald R.↗

NASA NTRS1980

WARC and CCIR support for spectrum-orbit planning

Papers prepared for the use of the U.S. delegation to the 1979 World Administrative Radio Conference; papers contributed to the National CCIR study groups on broadcasting satellites and spectrum-orbit utilization; responses to specific requests for technical analyses and evaluations; and papers presented at technical conferences on related topics are presented. Nonlinear optimization methods for finding optimum positions of satellites in the fixed satellite service; the effects of geography on the use of the geostationary orbit; intercontinental orbit sharing; traffic coordination in interfering satellites operating in the fixed satellite service; and domestic fixed and broadcasting satellite systems are covered. A possible channel orbit plan for broadcasting satellite service in the U.S. and Canada; polarization for broadcasting satellite systems; and the communication capacity of the geostationary satellite orbit are also examined.

Sawitz, P. H.↗

NASA NTRS2010

NASA UAS Update

Last year may prove to be a pivotal year for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in the Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) arena, especially in relation to routine UAS access to airspace as NASA accepted an invitation to join the UAS Executive Committee (UAS ExCom). The UAS ExCom is a multi-agency, Federal executive-level committee comprised of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Department of Defense (DoD), Department of Homeland Security (DHS), and NASA with the goals to: 1) Coordinate and align efforts between key Federal Government agencies to achieve routine safe federal public UAS operations in the National Airspace System (NAS); 2) Coordinate and prioritize technical, procedural, regulatory, and policy solutions needed to deliver incremental capabilities; 3) Develop a plan to accommodate the larger stakeholder community at the appropriate time; and 4) Resolve conflicts between Federal Government agencies (FAA, DoD, DHS, and NASA), related to the above goals. The committee was formed in recognition of the need of UAS operated by these agencies to access to the National Airspace System (NAS) to support operational, training, development and research requirements. In order to meet that need, technical, procedural, regulatory, and policy solutions are required to deliver incremental capabilities leading to routine access. The formation of the UAS ExCom is significant in that it represents a tangible commitment by FAA senior leadership to address the UAS access challenge. While the focus of the ExCom is government owned and operated UAS, civil UAS operations are bound to benefit by the progress made in achieving routine access for government UAS. As the UAS ExCom was forming, NASA's Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate began to show renewed interest in UAS, particularly in relation to the future state of the air transportation system under the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen). NASA made funding from the American Recovery and Revitalization Act available in order to continue addressing the issue of routine civil UAS access.

Bauer, Jeffrey Ervin↗

NASA NTRS2017

Subject Matter Expert Evaluation of Multi-Flight Common Route Advisories

Traffic flow management seeks to balance the demand for National Airspace System (NAS) flight resources, such as airspace and airports, with the available supply. When forecasted weather blocks nominal air traffic routes, traffic managers must re-route affected flights for weather avoidance. Depending on the nature and scope of the weather, traffic managers may use pre-coordinated re-routes such as Playbook Routes or Coded Departure Routes, or may design ad hoc local re-routes. The routes of affected flights are modified accordingly. These weather avoidance routes will, of course, be less efficient than the nominal routes due to increased flight time and fuel burn. In current traffic management operations, the transition into a weather avoidance re-routing initiative is typically implemented more aggressively than the transition out of that initiative after the weather has dissipated or moved away. For example, strategic large-scale Playbook re-routes are sometimes left in place (as initially implemented) for many hours before being lifted entirely when the weather dissipates. There is an opportunity to periodically modify the re-routing plan as weather evolves, thereby attenuating its adverse impact on flight time and fuel consumption; this is called delay recovery. Multi-Flight Common Routes (MFCR) is a NASA-developed operational concept and associated decision support tool for delay recovery, designed to assist traffic managers to efficiently update weather avoidance traffic routes after the original re-routes have become stale due to subsequent evolution of the convective weather system. MFCR groups multiple flights to reduce the number of advisories that the traffic manager needs to evaluate, and also merges these flights on a common route segment to provide an orderly flow of re-routed traffic. The advisory is presented to the appropriate traffic manager who evaluates it and has the option to modify it using MFCRs graphical user interface. If the traffic manager finds the advisory to be operationally appropriate, he or she would coordinate with the Area Supervisor(s) of the sectors that currently control the flights in the advisory. When the traffic manager accepts the MFCR advisory via the user interface, the corresponding flight plan amendments would be sent to the displays of the appropriate sector controllers, using the Airborne Re-Routing (ABRR) capability which is scheduled for nationwide operation in 2017. The sector controllers would then offer this time-saving route modification to the pilots of the affected flights via datalink (or voice), and implement the corresponding flight plan amendment if the pilots accept it. MFCR is implemented as an application in the software environment of the Future Air traffic management Concepts Evaluation Tool (FACET). This paper focuses on an initial subject matter expert (SME) evaluation of MFCR. The evaluation covers MFCRs operational concept, algorithm, and user interface.

Human-in-the-loop Evaluation↗

NASA NTRS2017

Subject Matter Expert Evaluation of Multi-Flight Common Route Advisories

Traffic flow management↗

DOE OSTI2015

Stop managing people, start managing agreements - 15081

One definition of management in business and organizations is: 'the function that coordinates the efforts of people to accomplish goals and objectives using available resources efficiently and effectively'. Unfortunately, what it takes to coordinate (literally, to create order together) is beyond the scope of today's management tools. The top five management tools in the world, according to a Bain 2013 survey, are: Strategic Planning; Customer Relationship Management; Employee Engagement Surveys; Benchmarking; and Balanced Scorecard. These are useful tools in business and organizations, but do not help managers coordinate the complex performance networks of agreements with resource providers, team members, and internal and external user-customers and authorities required to accomplish group or organizational goals. How do we manage such a network? While coordination is increasingly necessary in today's world of work, it is also a much neglected area of serious study because it is, almost literally, an invisible phenomenon. We can observe people inside groups, as well as their activities and results, but coordination is a product of managing what is going on between groups, not inside them. The challenge is making that in-between visible and actionable, not just 'white space'. A solution: define a Team's performance as agreements - and deliveries on the agreements - for products, services, and communications - the things moving between a Team and its immediate circle of resource providers, customers, and authorities relevant to a goal. This approach has been shown to reduce operational costs while also increasing team members' recognition of their interdependent responsibilities. Managers and Team leaders can then turn any Team goal into an opportunity for accomplishment in three steps: 1. Define 'performance' in terms of deliverable products, services, and communications for every goal; 2. Keep performance status current and visible to all team members; and 3. Debrief and update performance status routinely. Teamwork and engagement in goal accomplishment require a focus on Sender-Receiver agreements, productive communication, and timely and accurate status-tracking and feedback. Sustaining the context for accomplishment is not about managing people - it requires supporting coordination for the network of agreements in which people operate. (authors)

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗

DOE OSTI2022

Optimal Gas-Electric Energy System Decarbonization Planning

As energy utilities implement climate change mitigation policies, system planners require strategies for achieving affordable emissions reductions. Coordinated planning of electric power and natural gas systems will allow synergistic investments to address cross-sector operational constraints, competing uses for net-zero emissions fuels, and shifts in energy demands across energy carriers. In this study, we develop a novel optimization program that finds the cost-minimizing mix of infrastructure expansion or reduction across gas and electric systems to satisfy sector-specific emissions constraints. Alongside energy supply resources, our framework allows for central-planning of end-use equipment stocks to allow switching between gas and electric appliances upon failure or premature replacement. The proposed model is used to simulate case study scenarios for a benchmark 24-pipe gas network coupled to a 24-node power system test network. We find that electrification of greater than 80% of core gas demands is a component of the least-cost solution for modeled energy systems. Despite this substitution, the gas system is maintained to service difficult-to-electrify customers and to deliver net-zero emissions gas to electricity generators in times of peak electricity demand. Restricting electrification of gas appliances increases reliance on power- to-gas technologies and increases annual costs by 15% in 2040. Neglecting constraints on pipeline blending of hydrogen can produce a misleading result that relies on hydrogen blend fractions of greater than 50%. In all cases, we find the average costs of delivered gas increase nearly 5-fold across the decarbonization transition, highlighting the importance of future work investigating cost-allocation strategies for ensuring an equitable energy transition.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗

NASA NTRS2018

The GeoCarb Mission: One Tool in the Evolving Understanding of Methane and Carbon Monoxide Budgets

NASA plans to operate an instrument in geostationary orbit over the Americas beginning in 2022. This mission allows a coordinated study of climate-determining carbon species. Prime focus is on CO2 fluxes, but the reactive species CO and CH4 are particularly relevant to IGAC. Measurements of solar-induced fluorescence will describe plant photosynthesis contemporaneous with emissions. To outline the technology: Grating mapping spectrometery, using a single slit and four focal planes set at 0.76, 1.60, 2.07, and 2.32 microns and ~17000 resolving power. Retrieval profiting from the rich heritage of OCO-2, GOSAT, TropOMI, and GOME/SCIAMACHY. Column concentrations of CO2, CH4, and CO, with finest resolution at 3 km x 6 km. A selection of scans allowing appreciable refinement in fluxes of CO2 and CH4. Rapid re-pointing allowing at least one synoptic observation of all North and South America daily, and 3 observations through the day for selected areas.This presentation is an appeal to IGAC community to use GeoCarb to help improve the attribution of fluxes by sector and by geography. Cost constraints allow GeoCarb only limited listed goals. For example, GeoCarb aspires to constrain CH4 emissions for the whole US, closing the ~60% gap between US EPA estimation and 3-d models. Detailed CO measurements should also aid photochemical and aerosol studies. NASA's TEMPO (UV-Vis geostationary) instrument will overlap GeoCarb. Consequently, HCHO, NO2, aerosol, and CO may be intercompared, allowing elucidation of chemical sources and also transformation timescales. We expect that Sentinel-5P's TropOMI will lead the way here; geostationary imaging will allow diurnal views and reduced cloud obscuration of interesting areas. Analysis of current data suggests interesting questions: (a) puzzling XCH4 diel variations in the Amazonian rainforest; (b) time-varying CO/NO2 relationships in urban plumes. We also urge the suite of airborne and small-sat measurements needed to complete the story at fine scales.

Chatfield, Robert B.↗