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At least 163 records · Page 9

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NASA NTRS1980

Two-dimensional O2 adsorbed on graphite

Properties of two-dimensional O2 adsorbed on graphite are calculated in the extremely low-coverage delta region and for monolayers, with use of pattern-recognition optimization and Monte Carlo techniques. Equilibrium configurations and orientations, orientational order-disorder, melting, and dissociation transitions are predicted at various O2 densities. Phase characteristics, including a plastic crystallite phase, are compared with experiment.

Etters, R. D.↗

NASA NTRS1980

Asymmetrical ClO3 - Its possible formation from ClO and O2 and its possible reactions

An analysis of recent accurate experimental studies of Cl2-photosensitized O3 decomposition, in which O3 disappearance and OClO formation were directly monitored, suggests the possibility that the suppression of the quantum yield in the presence of O2 may be due to the formation of asymmetrical chlorine trioxide (ClO.O2). Other intermediaries, such as Cl2O2, which may also form in the system are not thought to explain the observations. In addition to its capacity to oxidize, which it shares with other peroxo compounds, asymmetrical ClO3 appears to undergo an interesting class of reactions in which the loosely bound O2 adduct is relatively easily displaced by reactive atoms and radicals such as chlorine.

Prasad, S. S.↗

NASA NTRS1982

Dayglow emissions of the O2 Herzberg bands and the Rayleigh backscattered spectrum of the earth

It is pointed out that numerous fluorescent emissions from the Herzberg bands of molecular oxygen lie in the spectral region 242-300 nm. This coincides with the wavelength range used by orbiting spectrometers that observe the Rayleigh backscattered spectrum of the earth for the purpose of monitoring the vertical distribution of stratospheric ozone. Model calculations suggest that Herzberg band emissions in the dayglow could provide significant contamination of the ozone measurements if the quenching rate of O2(A3Sigma) is sufficiently small. It is noted that this is especially true near 255 nm, where the most intense fluorescent emissions relative to the Rayleigh scattered signal are located and where past satellite measurements have shown a persistent excess radiance above that expected for a pure ozone absorbing and molecular scattering atmosphere. Very small quenching rates, however, are adequate to reduce the dayglow emission to negligible levels. Noting that available laboratory data have not definitely established the quenching on the rate of O2(A3Sigma) as a function of vibration level, it is emphasized that such information is required before the Herzberg band contributions can be evaluated with confidence.

Frederick, J. E.↗

NASA NTRS1982

Predictions for partial and monolayer coverages of O2 on graphite

Monolayer properties of O2 on graphite are calculated using a pattern recognition, optimization scheme. Equilibrium monolayers are predicted at two different densities with properties in agreement with recent X-ray diffraction, specific heat, and neutron scattering data. Properties of the extremely low density regime are calculated using a model based upon a distribution of two-dimensional O2 clusters. The results are consistent with experimental evidence.

Pan, R. P.↗

NASA NTRS1983

The dissociative recombination of O2(+) - The quantum yield of O(1S) and O(1D)

Data from the visible airglow experiment on the Atmosphere Explorer-E satellite have been used to determine the quantum yield of O(1S) and O(1D) from the dissociative recombination of O2(+). A range of values between 0.09 and 0.23 has been obtained for the quantum yield of O(1S). It is shown that the quantum yield of O(1S) depends on the ratio of electron density to atomic oxygen density. This suggests that the quantum yield of O(1S) may depend on the degree of vibrational excitation of the recombining O2(+). The quantum yield of O(1D) has been measured to be 1.23 + or - 0.42, with no dependence on the electron-oxygen ratio.

Abreu, V. J.↗

NASA NTRS1983

O(1S) from dissociative recombination of O2(+) - Nonthermal line profile measurements from Dynamics Explorer

The measurements reported were made of the O(1S) emission line profile at 5577 A at high spectral resolution with the Fabry-Perot interferometer on the Dynamics Explorer spacecraft. It is found that the line profile has marked nonthermal characteristics in the nightglow. A simple collisional relaxation model is used to analyze the nighttime emission line profiles, measured in the equatorial region. The branching ratio is inferred for the dissociative recombination of O2(+) leading to O(1S). The result reveals that the O(1S) + O(1D) channel is favored over the O(1S). The result reveals that the O(1S) + O(1D) channel is favored over the O(1S) + O(3P) channel by a factor of 4; this does not agree with the ratio reported by Hernandez (1971). It is noted, however, that the result is consistent with the active channel for O(1S) production being via the 1Sigma u + repulsive state of O2, as suggested by the theoretical calculations of Guberman (1983). In addition, a value is obtained for the excitation exchange cross section for O(1S).

Killeen, T. L.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Interstellar O2. II - VUV oscillator strengths of Schumann-Runge lines and prospects for Space Telescope observations

Interstellar molecular oxygen should be detectable in interstellar clouds through observation of its absorption lines in the spectra of background stars. This paper describes and presents the results of measurements of oscillator strengths for some lines in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectrum of O2. Lines of the (13, 0) through (16, 0) bands of the B 3Sigma(-)u - X 3Sigma(-)g, Schumann-Runge system between 1760 A and 1790 A will be the most suitable for searches for absorption by interstellar O2 with the High Resolution Spectrograph on Space Telescope. The strongest lines in these bands have oscillator strengths of about 3 x 10 to the -5th.

Smith, P. L.↗

NASA NTRS1985

Brightness of the O2 atmospheric bands in the daytime thermosphere

The Fabry-Perot interferometer on Dynamics Explorer 2 was used as a low sensitivity photometer to study the O2 Atmospheric A band during the daytime. A study of the brightness of the emission showed that the assumed source of O2(b1Sigma g +) in the thermosphere, O(1D), can account for the observed intensity up to about 250 km but with a significantly different scale height. This combined with an enhanced brightness above this altitude suggests an additional source for this emission.

Skinner, W. R.↗

NASA NTRS1985

A study of the extreme ultraviolet spectrum of O2 by electron impact

The electron impact emission cross sections for O2 at 200 eV have been measured in the laboratory. Included in the study are all emission features in the extreme ultraviolet from 40 to 131 nm at a resolution of 0.5 nm. The features are entirely from the dissociation products (O I, O II, O III). Additionally, the excitation functions from 0 to 400 eV have been measured for characteristic O I multiplets at 98.9 and 102.6 nm and for O II multiplets at 53.9 and 83.3 nm. It is found that O I multiplets are formed near the dissociation limit whereas the O II multiplets have a threshold about 10 eV above the dissociation limit. The total VUV emission cross section of O2 is determined from 40 to 200 nm and the effects of autoionization to the measured emission spectrum are indicated.

Ajello, J. M.↗

NASA NTRS1986

Photodissociation of metastable O2(a 1 Delta g): Implications for stratospheric O3

The potential energy curves of Saxon and Liu (1977) are used to calculate nuclear radial wave functions for O2 in the a 1 Delta g and C 3 Delta u states. Franck-Condon factors are evaluated for both bound-bound and bound-free transitions. Observational values for the radiative lifetimes of discrete vibrational levels of the C 3 Delta u state are used to place constraints on the cross section for photodissociaation of a 1 Delta g. It is argued that the cross section for the dissociation of O2(a 1 Delta g) through the C 3 Delta u state is smaller by four orders of magnitude than values required by Frederick and Cicerone (1985) to resolve the apparent discrepancy between computed and measured concentrations for O3 in the upper atmosphere.

Dalgarno, A.↗

NASA NTRS1986

Dry etching of beta-SiC in CF4 and CF4 + O2 mixtures

Dry etching of cubic (100) beta-SiC single-crystal thin films produced via chemical-vapor deposition (CVD) has been performed in CF4 and CF4 + O2 mixtures, in both the reactive-ion-etching (RIE) and plasma-etching modes. The latter process yielded measurable etch rates, but produced a dark surface layer which appears, from the results of secondary-ion mass spectrometry, to be residual SiC. The RIE samples had no residual layer, but Auger electron spectroscopy did reveal a C-rich surface. The optimal RIE conditions were obtained with 10 sccm of pure CF4 at 40 mtorr and a power density of 0.548 W/sq cm, giving an etch rate of 23.3 nm/min. Neither the increase of temperature between 293 and 573 K, nor the incremental addition of O2 to CF4 to 50 percent, produced any strong effect on the etch rates of SiC during RIE. Pictorial evidence of fine line structures produced by RIE of beta-SiC films are also presented.

Palmour, J. W.↗

NASA NTRS1986

Thermospheric production of O(1S) by dissociative recombination of vibrationally excited O2(+)

High spectral resolution line profiles at 5577 A of the nighttime, F-region O(1S) emission measured by the Fabry-Perot interferometer on board the Dynamics Explorer satellite are analyzed using a continuous O(1S) relaxation model. The model is an improvement over the previous model of Killeen and Hays (1981) in that energy loss via elastic collision is considered in addition to the single collision, excitation exchange thermalization process. The results show that the active channel for O(1S) production is capture into the 1Sigma(+)u repulsive state of O2 and that the main contributor to its production is the dissociative recombination of O2(+) ions in vibrational levels v = 1 and 2 in agreement with the quantal calculations of Guberman (1983).

Yee, Jeng-Hwa↗

NASA NTRS1987

The production of O(1S) from dissociative recombination of O2(+)

The first theoretical calculations of the rate coefficient alpha for dissociative recombination of O2(+) leading to O(1S) are reported for a wide range of temperatures. The findings are discussed in terms of the potential energy curves for the ground state of O2(+) and for the dissociative 1Sigma(u) state calculated here. Values of alpha for the equilibrium case in which the electron and vibrational temperatures are identical are shown.

Guberman, Steven L.↗

NASA NTRS1987

Air- and oxygen-broadening coefficients for the O2 rotational line at 60.46/cm

Using an NBS laser-based tunable far-infrared spectrometer, the air- and oxygen-broadening coefficients were measured for the J = 10 - 10, N = 11 - 9 O2 rotational transition at 60.46/cm (1.812 THz). The air-broadening coefficient is 5.04 + or - 0.38 x 10 to the -7th/cm/Pa (0.0511 + or - 0.0039/cm/atm) (HWHM) at 245 + or - 6 K; the oxygen-broadening coefficient is 4.92 + or - 0.47 x 10 to the -7th/cm/Pa (0.0499 + or - 0.0048/cm/atm) (HWHM) at 259 + or -2 K. These direct experimental measurements of the air-broadening coefficient should improve the accuracy of retrieval calculations for far-infrared stratospheric balloon experiments which use O2 rotational lines to calibrate the viewing geometry.

Jennings, D. A.↗

NASA NTRS1987

Polarized fluorescence spectroscopy of O2(+)

Polarized fluorescence measurements involving the A 2Pi(u) - X 2Pi(g) and b 4Sigma(g)(-) - a 4Pi(u) transitions in O2(+) following narrow-band photoexcitation of O2/X 3Sigma(g)(-)/ are reported. The analysis, based on the conventional high-J limit, involves deducing the quadrupole alignment factor from which the relative strengths of degenerate photoexcitation channels responsible for the population distribution in the A 2Pi(u) and b 4Sigma(g)(-) states of O2(+) can be estimated. The measured A-channel polarization exhibits pronounced structure which correlates well with the known positions of Rydberg states, whereas the polarization signal in the b channel has broad and less prominent features. Discrepancies between theoretical and measured results can largely be accounted for by additional configuration mixing and autoionization considerations.

Keller, J. W.↗

NASA NTRS1987

A study of the infrared emission from the O I (3d 3D0) and (4s 5S0) states produced by electron impact excitation of O2

The absolute emission cross section values for the O I(3p 3P-3d 3D0, lambda = 11,287 A) and the (3p 5P-4s 5S0, lambda = 11,299 A) multiplets excited by electron impact on O2 have been measured. These infrared oxygen emission features appear prominently in auroral spectra and were observed in electron bombardment of O2. The former cross section has a value of 3.05 x 10 to the -19th + or - 15 percent at 100 eV, while the latter's value is 4.14 x 10 to the -19th sq cm + or - 15 percent. The quintet emission at lambda = 11,299 A is the only deexcitation channel for the 4s 5S0 state and thus represents the total excitation cross section for that state. However, the lambda = 11,287 A branch from the O I (3d 3D0) state only constitutes about 25 percent of the total 3d 3D0 cross section, with the major branch from this state being the transition to the ground state observed at lambda = 1027 A. The branching ratio is in good agreement with the theoretical calculation of Padhan and Saraph (1977).

Erdman, P. W.↗

NASA NTRS1987

The effect of extended O2 prebreathing on altitude decompression sickness and venous gas bubbles

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of extended O2 prebreathing on symptom and bubble incidence during decompressions simulating extravehicular activity. The 38 subjects breathed O2 for a 6-hr period prior to decompression to 4.3 psi. The subjects performed upper body exercises for 6 hr. Eight subjects were exposed to the same protocol after an 8-hr prebreathe. Venous bubbles were detected in 18 of 38 subjects decompressed after the 6-hr prebreathe. Four of these subjects reported symptoms of altitude decompression sickness. No symptoms or bubbles were detected in the eight subjects who had prebreathed 8 hr. The incidence of symptoms and bubbles, when combined with prior data on 3.5- and 4.0-hr prebreathes, showed an inverse correlation to prebreathing time. The incidence of symptoms was higher than has been reported for subjects exposed to decompression of shorter duration with less activity.

Waligora, James M.↗

NASA NTRS1988

Two-temperature interpretation of dissociation rate data for N2 and O2

The existing experimental data on dissociation of nitrogen and oxygen obtained using shock-tubes during the 1960's and 1970's are reinterpreted using the two-temperature thermo-chemical model developed recently in order to determine the rate coefficients consistent with the model. In this model, the vibrational-electronic temperature is calculated by integrating a separate conservation equation accounting for the suppression of vibrational energy during dissociation due to preferential removal of high vibrational states. The rate coefficient is assumed to be a function of the geometrically-averaged temperature between the translational-rotational temperature and the vibrational-electronic temperature. By comparing the computed overall and species densities with the experimental data, the rate coefficient values most consistent with the model, and their ranges of uncertainty, are deduced for dissociation of N2 through collisions with N2 or N, and for O2 through collisions with O2, O or N2. It is seen that a single set of such rate coefficients fit all existing experimental data closely. According to the two-temperature model, density and species density are insensitive to the rate coefficients, and so the rate coefficients so determined are uncertain to within a factor of at least 1.5.

Park, Chul↗