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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 163 records · Page 9
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Recent Developments in the WEC-Sim Open-Source Design Tool: Preprint

WEC-Sim (Wave Energy Converter SIMulator) is an open-source code for simulating wave energy converters, which has been actively developed and applied to simulate a wide variety of device archetypes and has become a popular tool since its initial release in 2014. WEC-Sim is developed jointly by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) within the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. Figure 1 illustrates a general wave-to-wire model which begins with a deployment site resource characterization, which is used to complete the hydrodynamic simulation of a single WEC (or array), with the power generation profile imported to a grid simulator to understand the influence on the local electrical network. While modelling the entire wave-to-wire is difficult and encompass multiple time scales and physics, WEC-Sim is focused on the hydrodynamics simulation to predict, analyze and optimize WEC dynamics and power performance. WEC-Sim simulations are performed in the time domain based on the radiation and diffraction method using hydrodynamics coefficients derived from boundary element method (BEM) based-frequency-domain potential flow solvers (e.g., WAMIT, NEMOH, Capytaine, or ANSYS-AQWA). Within this level of modeling fidelity, WEC-Sim can handle floating body hydrodynamics, mechanical and electrical power generation methods, advanced control implementation, mooring systems, and other unique applications such as desalination. Table 1 lists additional WEC-Sim functionalities, which are created using prebuilt Simulink blocks and MATLAB scripts that can simulate a wide range of floating systems and the corresponding auxiliary subsystems.

hydrodynamics modeling↗
DOE OSTI2015

Applying fast calorimetry analysis on spent fuel calorimeter - 15620

Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company (SKB) is responsible for the back-end of the Swedish nuclear industry. This includes transport of spent fuel by boat from the power plants to the Central Interim Storage Facility for Spent Fuel (Clab), and in the future, encapsulation of the spent fuel and further transportation to a geological repository. In order to ensure safety for the planned geological repository, the decay heat has to be well known. For this purpose the SKB has performed calorimetric measurements on over 200 pressurized water reactor (PWR) and boiling water reactor (BWR) assemblies since 2003. The results from earlier analyses have been used to improve computer codes predicting heat as well as to acquire deeper knowledge about the fuel inventory. The work complements research being done as part of the Next Generation of Safeguards Initiative - Spent Fuel project, whose purpose is to develop and test nondestructive assay (NDA) technologies to improve safeguards measurements of spent nuclear fuel. The project is working to accomplish multiple goals, one of which is to determine the heat content of spent fuel assemblies. To shorten the measurement time, the temperature increase method was used instead of the equilibrium temperature method. In the temperature increase method, the temperature inside of the calorimeter is lowered below the surrounding water temperature before the measurement, and the temperature is allowed to increase due to the higher surrounding water temperature during the measurement. The rate of the temperature increase when the temperature is the same as the surrounding temperature is then compared to a calibration curve where an electric heater has been used in the same way. The price for the higher throughput is less accuracy and dependency of fuel geometry since the heat flow will be different for different fuel types, especially between PWR and BWR assemblies. Recently at Los Alamos National Laboratory, more sophisticated analysis methods have been considered for the use of calorimetry for treaty verification. These methods aim to predict the equilibrium temperature based on early data and therefore be able to shorten the measurement time while maintaining good accuracy and eliminate the dependency on fuel geometry. Even though the techniques show promise for future calorimetry of spent fuel, certain design features of the current system have been identified to interfere with the accuracy of equilibrium measurements in general such as changing pool temperatures and heat leakage during calibration. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2016

German HTR phase out - experience and remaining challenges - 18659

For more than 50 years the pebble bed High Temperature Reactor (HTR) is under development in Germany. Forschungszentrum Juelich, Aachen University, but also industrial companies and other organizations are, respectively were involved in this task, which was for about two decades something like a national showcase. More than ten years before the German decision to shut down all nuclear power plants in Germany there was a strong decrease in the interest on HTR-related activities. Reasons might be the lack of competitiveness of HTRs for electricity production only in a well-developed grid, the bad performance of the German demonstration plant THTR and the rapid increase of the general German Angst. Most of the ongoing HTR activities will come to an end in a relatively short time. Last experimental projects cover the graphite dust behavior. The analytical work is focused on the further development of the HTR Code Package (HCP). In this paper, the German experience, remaining challenges and lessons learned will be addressed. Especially aspects such as fuel fabrication and qualification, the performance of AVR and THTR, the HTR-Modul concept, economic aspects of HTR, the competition and/or complementarities to LWR, the statement of inherent HTR safety and the development of large components for turbine, steam generator, blower and bearings will be presented. (authors)

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Simulation of radiation damping in rings, using stepwise ray-tracing methods

The ray-tracing code Zgoubi computes particle trajectories in arbitrary magnetic and/or electric field maps or analytical field models. It includes a built-in fitting procedure, spin tracking many Monte Carlo processes. The accuracy of the integration method makes it an efficient tool for multi-turn tracking in periodic machines. Energy loss by synchrotron radiation, based on Monte Carlo techniques, had been introduced in Zgoubi in the early 2000s for studies regarding the linear collider beam delivery system. However, only recently has this Monte Carlo tool been used for systematic beam dynamics and spin diffusion studies in rings, including eRHIC electron-ion collider project at the Brookhaven National Laboratory. Some beam dynamics aspects of this recent use of Zgoubi capabilities, including considerations of accuracy as well as further benchmarking in the presence of synchrotron radiation in rings, are reported here.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Package Data for CERF-Data Centers

This dataset contains sample input 100m resolution raster files for running the CERF-DC python package (see https://github.com/IMMM-SFA/cerf_data_centers) at the state level across the CONUS. Due to data availability constraints, some of the items included in this dataset are proxies or assumptions for siting factors used in the model. These are individually noted in the item descriptions and can be exchanged with more detailed information upon availability. Data Descriptions The following raster files are included in the data download: state_siting_region.tif — State areas identified by state FIPS code composite_siting_suitability.tif — Value of 1 indicates suitable siting location, 0 otherwise. The following areas are excluded from siting: Areas within 300 m of a federal airport runway or within an airport area boundary Waterbodies Areas with slope >16% Areas susceptible to sinkholes High coastal or inland flood risk areas Local, state, and federal parks, leisure areas, and cemeteries Areas >2 km away from electric substations Areas >5 km away from a municipal water supplier service area Areas >2 km away from high-speed fiber provider service territory USGS Protected Areas Database of the United States (PAD-US) GAP status 1, 2, or 3 areas US National Parks Wetlands USFWS critical habitats BIA land areas Railroads, major roadways, and minor roadways Military areas and training grounds NLCD developed lands Areas >0.8 km (0.5 miles) from NLCD developed lands land_value_dollar_per_sqft.tif — USD per square foot (sqft) derived from USDA $/acre land cost personal_property_tax_rate.tif — Personal property tax rate by state. Uses an assumed 0.0125 personal property tax rate for states with personal property tax, 0 for states without personal property tax. real_property_tax_rate.tif — Real property tax rate. Based on county level residential real estate property tax rates. sales_tax_rate.tif — Sales tax rate by state. mechanical_cooling_fraction.tif — Fraction of year (values between 0 and 1, inclusive) that the data center would be cooled through mechanical processes based on local water stress and humidity levels. water_cooling_fraction.tif — Fraction of year (values between 0 and 1, inclusive) that the data center would be cooled through evaporative (water cooled) processes based on local water stress and humidity levels. distance_to_substation.tif — Distance to nearest substation in hundreds of meters (i.e., value of 1 equals a distance of 100m). Offshore areas have a value of 0. industrial_electricity_rates_dollar_per_kwh.tif — USD/kWh industrial electricity rates. Represents the average industrial rate across all utilities that operate within a given county. Values are derived from the US Utility Rate Database. commercial_electricity_rates_dollar_per_kwh.tif — USD/kWh commercial electricity rates. Represents the average commercial rate across all utilities that operate within a given county. Values are derived from the US Utility Rate Database. data_center_market_locations.tif — Grid cells with positive values represent the centroid of existing data center market clusters. The value of non-zero grid cells represents the number of data centers in the market cluster. All other grid cells have a value of 0. Geospatial Metadata CRS: Albers Equal Area Conic (ESRI:102003) Extent: -2415585.0000000023283064,-1441981.2605773280374706 : 2384414.9999999976716936,1708018.7394226719625294 Dimensions: X: 48000 Y: 31500 Bands: 1 Origin: -2415585.0000000023283064,1708018.7394226719625294 Pixel Size: 100,-100 Acknowledgment IM3 is a multi-institutional effort led by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science as part of research in MultiSector Dynamics, Earth and Environmental Systems Modeling Program. License This data is made available under a CCBY4.0 License Disclaimer This material was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor the United States Department of Energy, nor the Contractor, nor any or their employees, nor any jurisdiction or organization that has cooperated in the development of these materials, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness or any information, apparatus, product, software, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof, or Battelle Memorial Institute. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. PACIFIC NORTHWEST NATIONAL LABORATORYoperated byBATTELLEfor theUNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGYunder Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830

Mongird, Kendall↗
DOE OSTI2016

Orange County Photovoltaic Project & Educational COmponent

The purpose of this report is to discuss the projects implemented, utilizing Department of Energy grant funds, to support the use and understanding of renewable energy in Orange County, Florida and the Greater Orlando Area. Orange County is located in the State of Florida and is most popularly referred to as Orlando. The greater Orlando area’s current population is 1,225,267 and in 2015 was the first destination to surpass 60 million visitors. Orange County utilized grant funds to add to the growing demand for access to charging stations by installing one level 2 dual NovaCharge CT4021 electric vehicle charging station at the Orange County/University of Florida Cooperative Extension Center. The charging station is considered a “smart” charger connected to a central network operated by a third party. Data collected includes the number of charging sessions, session start and end times, the electricity usage, greenhouse gases saved and other pertinent data used for reporting purposes. Orange County continues to support the use of electric vehicles in Metro Orlando and this project continues to bring awareness to our public regarding using alternative vehicles. Additionally, we offer all visitors to the Orange County/University of Florida Cooperative Extension Center free charges for their electric vehicles 24 hours a day. Since the operation of the charging station there have been 52 unique driver users, a total of 532.2258 kg of greenhouse gas savings and 159.03 gallons of gasoline savings. The installation of the additional electric vehicle charging station is part of a county-wide goal of promoting implementation of renewable energy technologies as well as supporting the use of electric vehicles including the Drive Electric Orlando & Florida programs. http://driveelectricorlando.com/ & ; http://www.driveelectricflorida.org/ . Grant funds were also used for Outreach and Educational efforts. Educational efforts about renewable energy were accomplished through the continued support as well as a proposed expansion and potential relocation of the Climate Change Education Center. The growth of the Climate Change Education Center focused on 2 educational subsectors. The first educational sector focused on an apprenticeship with university students. The second sector Orange County partnered with a hospitality college that held seminars to educate students in sustainability best practices that would influence the industry as a whole as students take jobs around the U.S. and other parts of the world. Orange County completed five of the originally proposed six educational seminars. The first seminar focused on community based social marketing techniques for driving sustainable behavior changes. The second seminar held was a green team workshop. The third seminar focused on urban sustainability planning. The fourth and fifth seminars held were Florida Energy Code workshops for building inspectors. A sixth transit oriented development seminar in partnership with Rollins College was explored, but was not conducted because the proposed on campus venue was not accessible for an extended period of time due to renovations. Additionally, an ENERGY STAR training program was conducted with students from the University of Central Florida; three of the five buildings assessed received ENERGY STAR ratings; one student completed the training and received their certification as an ENERGY STAR Specialist. Background: Location: Orange County is located in the central region of the State of Florida and is most popularly known for including the City of Orlando. The greater Orlando area’s current population is 1,225,267 and is home to large corporations such as Walt Disney World, Universal Studios Orlando, Ritz Carlton, Darden Restaurants, and the nation’s second largest convention center. Opportunities Identified: Encouraging Sustainability in Major Sectors: The Central Florida economy is largely dependent on the hospitality industry and in 2015 it was the first destination to surpass 60 million visitors. With over 60 million visitors each year, 120,000 hotel rooms, 4,000 restaurants, and 75 theme parks and attractions, the local hospitality industry provided a wealth of opportunity to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through building energy efficiency and renewable energy. Accordingly, Central Florida is an ideal training ground for teaching best practices for sustainability focused on the hospitality industry. Meeting the Growing Demand for Electric Vehicle Infrastructure: According to the 2014 U.S Clean Tech Leadership Index Report, nationwide electric vehicle ownership in the top 50 largest metro areas increased sharply in 2013; the Orlando Metro Area was ranked #5 in the nation in in terms of electric vehicle charging stations per one million people. Additionally, the Orange County 2014-2015 Annual Sustainable Orange County Report indicated there are 300 electric vehicle charging stations in Central Florida (roughly 300 charging stations within ~70 mile radius available to our residents of Orange County). By increasing and improving access to charging stations, Orange County supports the growing demand for renewable energy technologies. Project Achievements/Accomplishments: Installed an Electric Charging Station: Orange County utilized grant funds to install one level 2 dual NovaCharge CT4021 electric vehicle charging station at the Orange County/University of Florida Cooperative Extension Center. The charging station is considered a “smart” charger connected to a central network operated by a third party that monitors the number of charging sessions, session start and end times, the electricity usage, greenhouse gases saved and other pertinent data. During the six months of operation of the charging station there have been 52 unique driver users of the charging station; a total of 532.2258 kg of greenhouse gas savings and 159.03 gallons of gasoline savings. Operation and Potential Relocation of the Orange County Climate Change Education Center: The Climate Change Education Center, originally located within the Orange County Convention Center, served as a central place to inform and educate commercial and residential sectors of environmental, health, and economic benefits of renewable energy, energy efficiency, and greenhouse gas emission reductions. Grant funds were used to pay for the rent required to maintain a lease at the Convention Center, conduct five educational workshops, and for planned upgrades to the Center displays highlighting a number of energy efficiency and renewable energy projects implemented at the Orange County Convention Center and Downtown Orange County. An initial design concept for an upgraded Climate Change Education Center and educational displays was proposed. However, after the Convention Center determined the space occupied by the Climate Change Education Center; a feasibility study for relocation to the proposed area was conducted in October 2013. In December 2013, it was determined that the desired location of the for the Climate Change Education Center at the Orange County Extension Education Center provided too many construction challenges for relocation with too many building retrofits and access problems, including lack of access for loading and unloading exhibits as well as roof drainage relocations and sewer service connection issues. Another suitable location for relocating the Climate Change Education Center could not be located so the project was terminated. The Climate Change Education Center is no longer in existence in Orange County and has been eliminated. Grant funds were used to pay for marketing services for a state wide marketing program including solar & other renewable energy technologies for rebranding and developing marketing materials including web site design and updating. A website was maintained and updated the www.PowerUpGreenEnergy.com website (no longer in service). Sustainability Training for the Hospitality Industry and Major Sectors: To introduce energy efficiency and renewable energy concepts to the hospitality industry, Orange County partnered with a hospitality college that held seminars to educate students in sustainability best practices that would influence the industry as a whole as students take jobs around the U.S. and other parts of the world. Orange County completed five of the originally proposed six education seminars. Seminar topics included: driving sustainable behavior change through community based social marketing; green team programs; urban sustainability planning; and Florida Energy Code workshops for building inspectors. In partnership with Rollins College, a sixth seminar focused on transit-oriented development was explored, but was not conducted due to extended renovations at the proposed on-campus venue. Green Job Training Development: To promote green industry development and on-the-job training in occupations that encourage energy efficiency and resource reduction, Orange County piloted an ENERGY STAR training and apprenticeship program with students from the University of Central Florida; three students applied for the program; one student completed the training and received their certification as an ENERGY STAR specialist; three of the five buildings assessed received ENERGY STAR Ratings.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

Nonlinear Modeling of Macroscopic Plasma Dynamics Final Scientific Report May 1, 2006 – April 30, 2018

The project entitled, "Nonlinear Modeling of Macroscopic Plasma Dynamics," applied numerical computation to solve mathematical models of plasma behavior in laboratory systems. Plasma is the state of matter with sufficiently large internal energy density such that electrons dissociate from atoms to form gas of electrically charged particles. It occurs naturally in stars, planetary magnetospheres, and interstellar and intergalactic media. It is also used for industrial purposes and in lighting. Fusion energy science seeks to create and sustain plasma conditions where atomic nuclei fuse to create energy that can be captured for power production. Many laboratory experiments for this effort use magnetic field to contain plasma and to thermally insulate it from its surroundings. Possible plasma dynamics in magnetized systems include collective behavior over spatial scales that are comparable to the configuration size, and these dynamics often include evolution of the magnetic field that is used for confinement. Solving the mathematical models that describe these dynamics in specific experiments often requires computer simulations, as done in this project. This project analyzed plasma magnetic relaxation dynamics in the laboratory configurations known as the reversed-field pinch (RFP), the spheromak, and the spherical torus (ST). It also developed capabilities for modeling disruptive plasma dynamics in the tokamak, which has achieved the highest performance for magnetized plasma and is the design of the large international ITER experiment (https://www.iter.org) that is under construction and is expected to be the first to achieve self-heating conditions. Dynamic evolution to states of low energy, the aforementioned magnetic relaxation, is known to be important for generating the RFP and spheromak configurations. Nonlinear computational modeling with the Non-Ideal Magnetohydrodynamics with Rotation, Open Discussion code (NIMROD, https://nimrodteam.org) was applied to understand specific aspects of magnetic relaxation in RFPs, spheromaks, and STs. The RFP study considered how the nonlinear transfer of power among different fluctuation harmonics is altered due to the application of pulses of electric field, as done experimentally in the Madison Symmetric Torus RFP device at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. It also investigated the separation of electron and ion dynamics, known as two-fluid effects, including effects on the evolution of the plasma flow profile. The spheromak study considered the influence of these two-fluid effects in conditions relevant to the Sustained Spheromak Experiment (SSPX), formerly at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Our study found that two-fluid effects enhance stability with respect to interchange in SSPX-relevant conditions, but having a complete model with two-fluid effects in separate electron and ion temperature equations is important. The study for STs focused on plasma startup in the Pegasus Toroidal Experiment at UW-Madison, which uses DC voltage applied through a small plasma gun. The simulations show how the resulting helical current stream relaxes through repetitive merging, forming current rings that accumulate into a tokamak-like configuration. Analytical theory was also developed to help explain behavior that was observed in the RFP and spheromak computations. Although the tokamak configuration has outperformed other magnetic confinement configurations, it has a tendency to undergo discharge-terminating dynamics that release energy onto plasma-facing surfaces and exert electromechanical forces on magnetic coils and structures. Our efforts have improved NIMROD's capabilities to model tokamak disruption by incorporating a resistive wall model that can be applied to axisymmetric, as well as asymmetric, distortions of the magnetic field configuration. Computations addressed whether mathematical conditions applied to plasma flow at the wall influence disruptive dynamics.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

System Integration for Remote Systems at DOE Hanford Nuclear Site - 18712

The deployment of remotely operated technology that functions in environments too hazardous for worker entry are often needed at the Hanford Site to perform functions like infrastructure inspection; decommissioning and decontamination; characterization; environmental sampling; and nuclear waste sampling, mobilization, and retrieval. The development and production of Hanford remote systems typically requires the integration of robotic components and sensor technologies that have been engineered or adapted to meet function and performance requirements. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory has led the engineering and integration of robotic and sensor/manipulator technology for several remote system deployments at Hanford and for national security sponsors. This paper describes the system integration process for ensuring that the mechanical, electrical, and software aspects of each component are successfully brought together to produce a remote system that meets function and performance requirements under extreme environments and limited-access operational demands. A brief summary of previous and current remote system projects is also provided. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2024

Data and scripts associated with the manuscript "A Hydrogeophysical Framework to Assess Infiltration During a Simulated Ecosystem-Scale Flooding Experiment”

This package contains the data and scripts used in "A hydrogeophysical framework to assess infiltration during a simulated ecosystem-scale flooding experiment" (Adebayo et al., 2023). The Geophysics folder contains two subfolders containing Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) datasets acquired between August 23 and August 26, 2021. The GPR subfolder contains raw data (Tempest_Project.GPZ) and processed results using the Sensors and Software EKKO Project software. The ERI subfolder contains two additional subfolders named Static and Timelapse. The Static subfolder contains background resistivity datasets acquired before infiltration, both raw and inverted results using the ResIpy code. The Timelapse subfolder contains repeated resistivity datasets acquired during infiltration on two profiles, along with raw and inverted results using the ResIpy code. The Flow model folder contains ATS model simulation files. The Geophysics-informed subfolder contains simulation datasets for two profiles generated using information from the geophysics data. The National_database-informed subfolder contains simulation datasets for two profiles generated using information from a national soil database. Each subfolder contains initial simulation results, multiple ensembles, and final simulation files. The Sensitivity_analysis folder contains the observation files exported from the flow model, notebooks used in running the code, and sensitivity analysis results showing the sensitivity of different parameters over a 48-hour period. We used mutual information-based global sensitivity analysis for the sensitivity analysis, following Jiang et al., 2022. This study shows a novel approach that integrates geophysical data with hydrological modeling to understand subsurface flow during coastal flooding.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2016

Xyce™ Parallel Electronic Simulator Users' Guide, Version 6.5.

This manual describes the use of the Xyce Parallel Electronic Simulator. Xyce has been designed as a SPICE-compatible, high-performance analog circuit simulator, and has been written to support the simulation needs of the Sandia National Laboratories electrical designers. This development has focused on improving capability over the current state-of-the-art in the following areas: Capability to solve extremely large circuit problems by supporting large-scale parallel computing platforms (up to thousands of processors). This includes support for most popular parallel and serial computers. A differential-algebraic-equation (DAE) formulation, which better isolates the device model package from solver algorithms. This allows one to develop new types of analysis without requiring the implementation of analysis-specific device models. Device models that are specifically tailored to meet Sandia's needs, including some radiation- aware devices (for Sandia users only). Object-oriented code design and implementation using modern coding practices. Xyce is a parallel code in the most general sense of the phrase -- a message passing parallel implementation -- which allows it to run efficiently a wide range of computing platforms. These include serial, shared-memory and distributed-memory parallel platforms. Attention has been paid to the specific nature of circuit-simulation problems to ensure that optimal parallel efficiency is achieved as the number of processors grows. The information herein is subject to change without notice. Copyright © 2002-2016 Sandia Corporation. All rights reserved.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2018

Simulation of QUENCH-15 and Preliminary Pre-Test Predictions for QUENCH-19

Iron Chromium Aluminum alloys (FeCrAl) have been developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory as an advanced fuel cladding for light water reactors (LWR). In contrast to zirconium-based alloys employed today, FeCrAl has slower oxidation kinetics and higher strength. A test (QUENCH-19) at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology’s QUENCH facility is planned to test and demonstrate the performance of FeCrAl cladding under postulated accident conditions. This test will replicate the previous QUENCH-15 test but will use FeCrAl instead of zirconium-based materials. During these tests, a small bundle of fuel rod simulators is electrically heated in a steam and argon environment. The temperature history, oxidation thickness, and in-situ hydrogen generation are the primary measurements of interest.The CORA/BWR code was previously developed and utilized in the 1980’s and 1990’s to simulate BWR bundle degradation during the CORA test series. A modified version of the CORA/BWR code, named CORA/BWR-QUENCH, has been developed to model the QUENCH test facility. The CORA/BWR-QUENCH code was used to model the QUENCH-15 test which used zirconium-based materials. The code predictions and test data were found to be in good agreement. The code was then used to model the planned QUENCH-19 test utilizing FeCrAl cladding, shroud, and spacer grids. The simulation predicts the peak cladding temperature to be 1620 K (~1347°C) for QUENCH-19 which is significantly lower than that during QUENCH-15 with the zirconium-based alloy. The predicted hydrogen generation is also significantly lower for the FeCrAl clad QUENCH-19 as compared to QUENCH-15: ~1.7 g versus ~48.8 g. These results align with expectations given the much slower oxidation kinetics of FeCrAl alloys.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Xyce Parallel Electronic Simulator Users' Guide Version 6.10

This manual describes the use of the Xyce Parallel Electronic Simulator. Xyce has been designed as a SPICE-compatible, high-performance analog circuit simulator, and has been written to support the simulation needs of the Sandia National Laboratories electrical designers. This development has focused on improving capability over the current state-of-the-art in the following areas: Capability to solve extremely large circuit problems by supporting large-scale parallel computing platforms (up to thousands of processors). This includes support for most popular parallel and serial computers. A differential-algebraic-equation (DAE) formulation, which better isolates the device model package from solver algorithms. This allows one to develop new types of analysis without requiring the implementation of analysis-specific device models. Device models that are specifically tailored to meet Sandia's needs, including some radiation- aware devices (for Sandia users only). Object-oriented code design and implementation using modern coding practices. Xyce is a parallel code in the most general sense of the phrase -- a message passing parallel implementation -- which allows it to run efficiently a wide range of computing platforms. These include serial, shared-memory and distributed-memory parallel platforms. Attention has been paid to the specific nature of circuit-simulation problems to ensure that optimal parallel efficiency is achieved as the number of processors grows.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2020

Xyce Parallel Electronic Simulator Users' Guide (Version 7.2)

This manual describes the use of the Xyce Parallel Electronic Simulator. Xyce has been designed as a SPICE-compatible, high-performance analog circuit simulator, and has been written to support the simulation needs of the Sandia National Laboratories electrical designers. This development has focused on improving capability over the current state-of-the-art in the following areas: Capability to solve extremely large circuit problems by supporting large-scale parallel computing platforms (up to thousands of processors). This includes support for most popular parallel and serial computers. A differential-algebraic-equation (DAE) formulation, which better isolates the device model package from solver algorithms. This allows one to develop new types of analysis without requiring the implementation of analysis-specific device models. Device models that are specifically tailored to meet Sandias needs, including some radiation-aware devices (for Sandia users only). Object-oriented code design and implementation using modern coding practices. Xyce is a parallel code in the most general sense of the phrase - a message passing parallel implementation - which allows it to run efficiently a wide range of computing platforms. These include serial, shared-memory and distributed-memory parallel platforms. Attention has been paid to the specific nature of circuit-simulation problems to ensure that optimal parallel efficiency is achieved as the number of processors grows.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2022

IRES Microgrid Energy Integration Report Version 1.0

This report presents technical information and guidance for the planned Integrated Renewable Energy System (IRES) microgrid project. This deployment of the microgrid and its associated assets was initiated in the beginning of 2022 at the Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory (MCRL) facility of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)-Sequim, Washington. The information in the report is organized under two main focus areas: electrical power interface, or interconnection, information of planned IRES assets; and communication and control interface, or interoperability, information of the planned IRES assets. The information will provide technical input for the development of the IRES microgrid controller technical specification, and also provide input for PNNL’s evaluation of adequacy of the electrical service infrastructure at MCRL to support the IRES project and help identify any gaps that will require facility-based upgrades. From an R&D aspect, this study and report will build on PNNL’s research and development work relating to energy storage (ES) codes and standards (C&Ss), including hybrid systems, performed on behalf of the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Electricity (OE) ES. The current state of C&Ss for advanced technologies and their application, including microgrid-based technology is limited. For cases where formal standards issued by recognized Standards Developing Organizations do not yet exist, guidance is provided based on emerging best practices, including industry-group references that can be leveraged for microgrid technology which is in its early stages of development and use.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2016

Xyce Parallel Electronic Simulator Users' Guide Version 6.6.

This manual describes the use of the Xyce Parallel Electronic Simulator. Xyce has been de- signed as a SPICE-compatible, high-performance analog circuit simulator, and has been written to support the simulation needs of the Sandia National Laboratories electrical designers. This development has focused on improving capability over the current state-of-the-art in the following areas: Capability to solve extremely large circuit problems by supporting large-scale parallel com- puting platforms (up to thousands of processors). This includes support for most popular parallel and serial computers. A differential-algebraic-equation (DAE) formulation, which better isolates the device model package from solver algorithms. This allows one to develop new types of analysis without requiring the implementation of analysis-specific device models. Device models that are specifically tailored to meet Sandia's needs, including some radiation- aware devices (for Sandia users only). Object-oriented code design and implementation using modern coding practices. Xyce is a parallel code in the most general sense of the phrase -- a message passing parallel implementation -- which allows it to run efficiently a wide range of computing platforms. These include serial, shared-memory and distributed-memory parallel platforms. Attention has been paid to the specific nature of circuit-simulation problems to ensure that optimal parallel efficiency is achieved as the number of processors grows. The information herein is subject to change without notice. Copyright c 2002-2016 Sandia Corporation. All rights reserved. Acknowledgements The BSIM Group at the University of California, Berkeley developed the BSIM3, BSIM4, BSIM6, BSIM-CMG and BSIM-SOI models. The BSIM3 is Copyright c 1999, Regents of the University of California. The BSIM4 is Copyright c 2006, Regents of the University of California. The BSIM6 is Copyright c 2015, Regents of the University of California. The BSIM-CMG is Copyright c 2012 and 2016, Regents of the University of California. The BSIM-SOI is Copyright c 1990, Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. The Mextram model has been developed by NXP Semiconductors until 2007, Delft University of Technology from 2007 to 2014, and Auburn University since April 2015. Copyrights c of Mextram are with Delft University of Technology, NXP Semiconductors and Auburn University. The MIT VS Model Research Group developed the MIT Virtual Source (MVS) model. Copyright c 2013 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The EKV3 MOSFET model was developed by the EKV Team of the Electronics Laboratory-TUC of the Technical University of Crete. Trademarks Xyce TM Electronic Simulator and Xyce TM are trademarks of Sandia Corporation. Orcad, Orcad Capture, PSpice and Probe are registered trademarks of Cadence Design Systems, Inc. Microsoft, Windows and Windows 7 are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Medici, DaVinci and Taurus are registered trademarks of Synopsys Corporation. Amtec and TecPlot are trademarks of Amtec Engineering, Inc. All other trademarks are property of their respective owners. Contacts World Wide Web http://xyce.sandia.gov https://info.sandia.gov/xyce (Sandia only) Email xyce@sandia.gov (outside Sandia) xyce-sandia@sandia.gov (Sandia only) Bug Reports (Sandia only) http://joseki-vm.sandia.gov/bugzilla http://morannon.sandia.gov/bugzilla

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2017

Xyce Parallel Electronic Simulator Users' Guide Version 6.7.

This manual describes the use of the Xyce Parallel Electronic Simulator. Xyce has been designed as a SPICE-compatible, high-performance analog circuit simulator, and has been written to support the simulation needs of the Sandia National Laboratories electrical designers. This development has focused on improving capability over the current state-of-the-art in the following areas: Capability to solve extremely large circuit problems by supporting large-scale parallel com- puting platforms (up to thousands of processors). This includes support for most popular parallel and serial computers. A differential-algebraic-equation (DAE) formulation, which better isolates the device model package from solver algorithms. This allows one to develop new types of analysis without requiring the implementation of analysis-specific device models. Device models that are specifically tailored to meet Sandia's needs, including some radiation- aware devices (for Sandia users only). Object-oriented code design and implementation using modern coding practices. Xyce is a parallel code in the most general sense of the phrase -- a message passing parallel implementation -- which allows it to run efficiently a wide range of computing platforms. These include serial, shared-memory and distributed-memory parallel platforms. Attention has been paid to the specific nature of circuit-simulation problems to ensure that optimal parallel efficiency is achieved as the number of processors grows. The information herein is subject to change without notice. Copyright c 2002-2017 Sandia Corporation. All rights reserved. Trademarks Xyce TM Electronic Simulator and Xyce TM are trademarks of Sandia Corporation. Orcad, Orcad Capture, PSpice and Probe are registered trademarks of Cadence Design Systems, Inc. Microsoft, Windows and Windows 7 are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Medici, DaVinci and Taurus are registered trademarks of Synopsys Corporation. Amtec and TecPlot are trademarks of Amtec Engineering, Inc. All other trademarks are property of their respective owners. Contacts World Wide Web http://xyce.sandia.gov https://info.sandia.gov/xyce (Sandia only) Email xyce@sandia.gov (outside Sandia) xyce-sandia@sandia.gov (Sandia only) Bug Reports (Sandia only) http://joseki-vm.sandia.gov/bugzilla http://morannon.sandia.gov/bugzilla

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2017

Xyce Parallel Electronic Simulator Users' Guide Version 6.8

This manual describes the use of the Xyce Parallel Electronic Simulator. Xyce has been de- signed as a SPICE-compatible, high-performance analog circuit simulator, and has been written to support the simulation needs of the Sandia National Laboratories electrical designers. This development has focused on improving capability over the current state-of-the-art in the following areas: Capability to solve extremely large circuit problems by supporting large-scale parallel com- puting platforms (up to thousands of processors). This includes support for most popular parallel and serial computers. A differential-algebraic-equation (DAE) formulation, which better isolates the device model package from solver algorithms. This allows one to develop new types of analysis without requiring the implementation of analysis-specific device models. Device models that are specifically tailored to meet Sandia's needs, including some radiation- aware devices (for Sandia users only). Object-oriented code design and implementation using modern coding practices. Xyce is a parallel code in the most general sense of the phrase$-$ a message passing parallel implementation $-$ which allows it to run efficiently a wide range of computing platforms. These include serial, shared-memory and distributed-memory parallel platforms. Attention has been paid to the specific nature of circuit-simulation problems to ensure that optimal parallel efficiency is achieved as the number of processors grows.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2015

Xyce TM Parallel Electronic Simulator Users’ Guide, Version 6.3

This manual describes the use of the Xyce Parallel Electronic Simulator. Xyce has been designed as a SPICE-compatible, high-performance analog circuit simulator, and has been written to support the simulation needs of the Sandia National Laboratories electrical designers. This development has focused on improving capability over the current state-of-the-art in the following areas: Capability to solve extremely large circuit problems by supporting large-scale parallel computing platforms (up to thousands of processors). This includes support for most popular parallel and serial computers. A differential-algebraic-equation (DAE) formulation, which better isolates the device model package from solver algorithms. This allows one to develop new types of analysis without requiring the implementation of analysis-specific device models. Device models that are specifically tailored to meet Sandia's needs, including some radiation-aware devices (for Sandia users only). Object-oriented code design and implementation using modern coding practices. Xyce is a parallel code in the most general sense of the phrase — a message passing parallel implementation —which allows it to run efficiently a wide range of computing platforms. These include serial, shared-memory and distributed-memory parallel platforms. Attention has been paid to the specific nature of circuit-simulation problems to ensure that optimal parallel efficiency is achieved as the number of processors grows.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗