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At least 163 records · Page 9

Dynamical model of J/ψ photoproduction on the nucleon

Here, a dynamical model based on a phenomenological charm quark-nucleon (c – N) potential v cN and the Pomeronexchange mechanism is constructed to investigate the J/ψ photoproduction on the nucleon from threshold to invariant mass W = 300 GeV. The J/ψ – N potential, V J/ψN (r), is constructed by folding v cN into the wave function φ J/ψ ($c\bar{c}$) of J/ψ within a constituent quark model (CQM) of Segovia et al. [Int. J. Mod. Phys. E 22, 1330026 (2013)]. A photoproduction amplitude is also generated by v cN by a $c\bar{c}$–loop integration over the γ → $c\bar{c}$ vertex function and φ J/ψ ($c\bar{c}$). No commonly used vector meson dominance assumption is used to define this photoproduction amplitude which is needed to describe the data near the threshold. The c – N potential v cN (r) is parameterized in a form such that the predicted V J/ψN (r) at large distances has the same Yukawa potential form extracted from a lattice QCD (LQCD) calculation of Kawanai and Sasaki, [Phys. Rev. D 82, 091501(R) (2010)]. The parameters of vcN are determined by fitting the total cross-section data of Jefferson Laboratory (JLab) by performing calculations that include J/ψ – N final-state interactions (FSI). The resulting differential cross sections dσ /dt are found in good agreements with the data. It is shown that the FSI effects dominate the cross section in the very near-threshold region, allowing for sensitive testing of the predicted J/ψ – N scattering amplitudes. By imposing the constraints of J/ψ – N potential extracted from the LQCD calculation of Kawanai and Sasaki, [Phys. Rev. D 82, 091501(R) (2010)], we have obtained three J/ψ – N potentials which fit the JLab data equally well. The resulting J/ψ – N scattering lengths are in the range of a = [-0.05, -0.25] fm. With the determined v cN (r) and the wave functions generated from the same CQM, the constructed model is used to predict the cross sections of photoproduction of η c (1S) and ψ(2S) mesons for future experimental tests.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

In-medium changes of nucleon cross sections tested in neutrino-induced reactions

Historically, studied in the context of heavy-ion collisions, the extent to which free nucleon-nucleon cross sections are modified in-medium remains undetermined by these data sets. Therefore, we investigate the impact of N N in-medium modifications on neutrino-nucleus cross section predictions using the GiBUU transport model. We find that including an in-medium lowering of the N N cross section and density dependence on Δ excitation improves agreement with MicroBooNE neutrino-argon scattering data. This is observed for both proton and neutral pion spectra in charged-current muon neutrino and neutral-current single pion production data sets. The impact of collision broadening of the Δ resonance is also investigated. The absence of Δ broadening is slightly favored, but the larger uncertainties on the pion production data prevent definitive conclusions. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Bogart, B. (ORCID:0000000305588934)↗

Nucleon mass with highly improved staggered quarks

We present the first computation in a program of lattice-QCD baryon physics using staggered fermions for sea and valence quarks. For this initial study, we present a calculation of the nucleon mass, obtaining 964 ±16 MeV with all sources of statistical and systematic errors controlled and accounted for. This result is the most precise determination to date of the nucleon mass from first principles. We use the highly improved staggered quark action, which is computationally efficient. Three gluon ensembles are employed, which have approximate lattice spacings 𝑎 ≈ 0.09, 0.12, and 0.15 fm, each with equal-mass 𝑢/𝑑, 𝑠, and 𝑐 quarks in the sea. Further, all ensembles have the light valence and sea 𝑢/𝑑 quarks tuned to reproduce the physical pion mass, avoiding complications from chiral extrapolations. Our work opens a new avenue for precise calculations of baryon properties, which are both feasible and relevant to experiments in particle and nuclear physics.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Nucleon isovector axial form factors

We present results for the isovector axial vector form factors obtained using thirteen 2 + 1 + 1 -flavor highly improved staggered quark (HISQ) ensembles generated by the MILC collaboration. The calculation of nucleon two- and three-point correlation functions has been done using Wilson-clover fermions. In the analysis of these data, we quantify the sensitivity of the results to strategies used for removing excited state contamination and invoke the partially conserved axial current relation between the form factors to choose between them. Our data driven analysis includes removing contributions from multihadron N π states that make significant contributions. Our final results are g A = 1.292 ( 53 ) stat ( 24 ) sys for the axial charge; g S = 1.085 ( 50 ) stat ( 103 ) sys and g T = 0.991 ( 21 ) stat ( 10 ) sys for the scalar and tensor charges; ⟨ r A 2 ⟩ = 0.439 ( 56 ) stat ( 34 ) sys fm 2 for the mean squared axial charge radius, g P * = 9.03 ( 47 ) stat ( 42 ) sys for the induced pseudoscalar charge; and g π N N = 14.14 ( 81 ) stat ( 85 ) sys for the pion-nucleon coupling. We also provide a parametrization of the axial form factor G A ( Q 2 ) over the range 0 ≤ Q 2 ≤ 1 GeV 2 for use in phenomenology and a comparison with other lattice determinations. We find that the various lattice data agree within 10% but are significantly different from the extraction of G A ( Q 2 ) from the ν -deuterium scattering data. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

First constraints on WIMP-nucleon effective field theory couplings in an extended energy region from LUX-ZEPLIN

Following the first science results of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment, a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber operating from the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota, USA, we report the initial limits on a model-independent nonrelativistic effective field theory describing the complete set of possible interactions of a weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) with a nucleon. These results utilize the same 5.5 t fiducial mass and 60 live days of exposure collected for the LZ spin-independent and spin-dependent analyses while extending the upper limit of the energy region of interest by a factor of 7.5 to 270 keV. No significant excess in this high energy region is observed. Using a profile-likelihood ratio analysis, we report 90% confidence level exclusion limits on the coupling of each individual nonrelativistic WIMP-nucleon operator for both elastic and inelastic interactions in the isoscalar and isovector bases. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Unpolarized transverse momentum dependent parton distributions of the nucleon from lattice QCD

We present a first lattice QCD calculation of the unpolarized nucleon’s isovector transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution functions (TMDPDFs), which are essential to predict observables of multiscale, semi-inclusive processes in the standard model. We use a N f = 2 + 1 + 1 MILC ensemble with valence clover fermions on a highly improved staggered quark (HISQ) sea to compute the quark momentum distributions in a large-momentum nucleon on the lattice. The state-of-the-art techniques in renormalization and extrapolation in the correlation distance on the lattice are adopted. The perturbative kernel up to next-to-next-to-leading order is taken into account, and the dependence on the pion mass and the hadron momentum is explored. Our results are qualitatively comparable with phenomenological TMDPDFs, which provide an opportunity to predict high energy scatterings from first principles. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Astronomy & Astrophysics↗

Systematic improvement of x -dependent unpolarized nucleon generalized parton distributions in lattice-QCD calculation

We present a first study of the effects of renormalization-group resummation (RGR) and leading-renormalon resummation (LRR) on the systematic errors of the unpolarized isovector nucleon generalized parton distribution in the framework of large-momentum effective theory. This work is done using lattice gauge ensembles generated by the MILC Collaboration, consisting of 2 + 1 + 1 flavors of highly improved staggered quarks with a physical pion mass at lattice spacing a ≈ 0.09 fm and a box width L ≈ 5.76 fm . We present results for the nucleon H and E generalized parton distributions (GPDs) with average boost momentum P z ≈ 2 GeV at momentum transfers Q 2 = [ 0 , 0.97 ] GeV 2 at skewness ξ = 0 as well as Q 2 ∈ 0.23 GeV 2 at ξ = 0.1 , renormalized in the modified minimal subtraction ( MS ¯ ) scheme at scale μ = 2.0 GeV , with two- and one-loop matching, respectively. We demonstrate that the simultaneous application of RGR and LRR significantly reduces the systematic errors in renormalized matrix elements and distributions for both the zero and nonzero skewness GPDs, and that it is necessary to include both RGR and LRR at higher orders in the matching and renormalization processes. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Astronomy & Astrophysics↗

Nucleon tomography and total angular momentum of valence quarks from synergy between lattice QCD and elastic scattering data

We present an exploratory work on integrating lattice-QCD results with experimental data for elastic scattering. Within the framework of generalized parton distributions, this approach allows for the extraction of detailed information about nucleon tomography and the total angular momentum carried by valence quarks. To accomplish this reliably, we introduce a new quantity, the “double ratio,” which significantly reduces the systematic uncertainties inherent in lattice QCD computations. Moreover, we introduce a “shadow” term in the extraction procedure, which is sensitive only to lattice-QCD results. This term allows us to investigate the model dependence of the extraction, providing a more flexible description of the nucleon that goes beyond the previously considered bell-shaped distribution.

Lattice QCD↗

Transversity Distributions and Tensor Charges of the Nucleon: Extraction from Dihadron Production and Their Universal Nature

We perform the first global quantum chromodynamics (QCD) analysis of dihadron production for a comprehensive set of data in electron-positron annihilation, semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering, and proton-proton collisions, from which we extract simultaneously the transversity distributions of the nucleon and π + π − dihadron fragmentation functions. We incorporate in our fits known theoretical constraints on transversity, namely, its small- x asymptotic behavior and the Soffer bound. We furthermore show that lattice-QCD results for the tensor charges can be successfully included in the analysis. This resolves the previously reported incompatibility between the tensor charges extracted from dihadron production data and lattice QCD. We also find agreement with results for the transversity and tensor charges obtained from measurements on single-hadron production. Overall, our work demonstrates for the first time the universal nature of all available information for the transversity distributions and the tensor charges of the nucleon. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

First Study of Antihyperon-Nucleon Scattering Λ ¯ p → Λ ¯ p and Measurement of Λ p → Λ p Cross Section

Using ( 10.087 ± 0.044 ) × 10 9 J / ψ events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII storage ring, the processes Λ p → Λ p and Λ ¯ p → Λ ¯ p are studied, where the Λ / Λ ¯ baryons are produced in the process J / ψ → Λ Λ ¯ and the protons are the hydrogen nuclei in the cooling oil of the beam pipe. Clear signals are observed for the two reactions. The cross sections in − 0.9 ≤ cos θ Λ / Λ ¯ ≤ 0.9 are measured to be σ ( Λ p → Λ p ) = ( 12.2 ± 1.6 stat ± 1.1 syst ) and σ ( Λ ¯ p → Λ ¯ p ) = ( 17.5 ± 2.1 stat ± 1.6 syst ) mb at the Λ / Λ ¯ momentum of 1.074 GeV / c within a range of ± 0.017 GeV / c , where the θ Λ / Λ ¯ are the scattering angles of the Λ / Λ ¯ in the Λ p / Λ ¯ p rest frames. Furthermore, the differential cross sections of the two reactions are also measured, where there is a slight tendency of forward scattering for Λ p → Λ p , and a strong forward peak for Λ ¯ p → Λ ¯ p . We present an approach to extract the total elastic cross sections by extrapolation. The study of Λ ¯ p → Λ ¯ p represents the first study of antihyperon-nucleon scattering, and these new measurements will serve as important inputs for the theoretical understanding of the (anti)hyperon-nucleon interaction. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Physics↗

Charge radii of the nucleon from its flavor dependent Dirac form factors

In this report we have determined the proton and the neutron charge radii from a global analysis of the proton and the neutron elastic form factors, after first performing a flavor decomposition of these form factors under charge symmetry in the light cone frame formulation. We then extracted the transverse mean-square radii of the flavor dependent quark distributions. In turn, these are related in a model-independent way to the proton and neutron charge radii but allow us to take into account motion effects of the recoiling nucleon for data at finite but high momentum transfer. In the proton case we find $\langle r_p \rangle$ = 0.852±0.002 (stat.) ± 0.009 (syst.) (fm), consistent with the proton charge radius obtained from muonic hydrogen spectroscopy. The current method improves on the precision of the $\langle r_p \rangle$; extraction based on the form factor measurements. Furthermore, we find no discrepancy in the $\langle r_p \rangle$ determination among the different electron scattering measurements, all of which, utilizing the current method of extraction, result in a value that is consistent with the smallest $\langle r_p \rangle$ extraction from the electron scattering measurements. Concerning the neutron case, past results relied solely on the neutron-electron scattering length measurements, which suffer from an underestimation of underlying systematic uncertainties inherent to the extraction technique. Utilizing the present method we have performed the first extraction of the neutron charge radius based on nucleon form factor data, and we find $\langle r^2_n \rangle$ = -0.122±0.004 (stat.) ± 0.010 (syst.) (fm 2 ).

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Probing the axion–nucleon coupling with the next generation of axion helioscopes

Abstract A finite axion–nucleon coupling, nearly unavoidable for QCD axions, leads to the production of axions via the thermal excitation and subsequent de-excitation of $$^{57}$$ 57 Fe isotopes in the sun. We revise the solar bound on this flux adopting the up to date emission rate, and investigate the sensitivity of the proposed International Axion Observatory IAXO and its intermediate stage BabyIAXO to detect these axions. We compare different realistic experimental options and discuss the model dependence of the signal. Already BabyIAXO has sensitivity far beyond previous solar axion searches via the nucleon coupling and IAXO can improve on this by more than an order of magnitude.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

First Constraints on WIMP-Nucleon Effective Field Theory Couplings in an Extended Energy Region From LUX-ZEPLIN

Following the first science results of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment, a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber operating from the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota, USA, we report the initial limits on a model-independent non-relativistic effective field theory describing the complete set of possible interactions of a weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) with a nucleon. These results utilize the same 5.5 t fiducial mass and 60 live days of exposure collected for the LZ spin-independent and spin-dependent analyses while extending the upper limit of the energy region of interest by a factor of 7.5 to 270~keV. No significant excess in this high energy region is observed. Using a profile-likelihood ratio analysis, we report 90% confidence level exclusion limits on the coupling of each individual non-relativistic WIMP-nucleon operators for both elastic and inelastic interactions in the isoscalar and isovector bases.

Source record↗

Constraints On Covariant WIMP-Nucleon Effective Field Theory Interactions from the First Science Run of the LUX-ZEPLIN Experiment

The first science run of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment, a dual-phase xenon time project chamber operating in the Sanford Underground Research Facility in South Dakota, USA, has reported leading limits on spin-independent WIMP-nucleon interactions and interactions described from a non-relativistic effective field theory (NREFT). Using the same 5.5~t fiducial mass and 60 live days of exposure we report on the results of a relativistic extension to the NREFT. We present constraints on couplings from covariant interactions arising from the coupling of vector, axial currents, and electric dipole moments of the nucleon to the magnetic and electric dipole moments of the WIMP which cannot be described by recasting previous results described by an NREFT. Using a profile-likelihood ratio analysis, in an energy region between 0~keV_{nr} to 270~keV_{nr}, we report 90% confidence level exclusion limits on the coupling strength of five interactions in both the isoscalar and isovector bases. .

Source record↗

Study of Nucleon Resonance Electroexcitations at Jefferson Lab

Nucleons are the most fundamental three-body systems in Nature. During the last decade crucial progress has been achieved in the exploration of the spectrum and the structure of nucleon resonances. Studies of exclusive ?N, ?+??p, K?, and K? electroproduction off protons on the evolution of the electrocouplings with photon virtuality Q2 using the CLAS spectrometer has revealed a complex interplay between an inner core of three dressed quarks surrounded by an external meson-baryon cloud. CLAS12 is the only facility capable of extending these results on the electrocouplings into the unexplored Q2 range, spanning the domain of quark momenta where ? 50% of hadron mass is generated. The increase of the CEBAF energy and the upgrade of the CLAS12 spectrometer to measure exclusive electroproduction channels at higher luminosity and photon virtualities will offer a unique opportunity to explore how the dominant part of hadron mass and the bound three-quark structure of the resonant states emerge from QCD.

Achenbach, Patrick↗

Nucleon Isovector Axial Form Factors

We present results for the isovector axial vector form factors obtained using thirteen 2 + 1 + 1-flavor highly improved staggered quark (HISQ) ensembles generated by the MILC collaboration. The calculation of nucleon two- and three-point correlation functions has been done using Wilson-clover fermions. In the analysis of these data, we quantify the sensitivity of the results to strategies used for removing excited state contamination and invoke the partially conserved axial current relation between the form factors to choose between them. Our data driven analysis includes removing contributions from multihadron $Nπ$ states that make significant contributions. Our final results are $g_A$ = 1.292(53) stat (24) sys for the axial charge; $g_S$ = 1.085(50) stat (103) sys and $g_T$ = 0.991(21) stat (10) sys for the scalar and tensor charges; $\langle{r^2_A}\rangle$ = 0.439(56) sta t(34) sys fm 2 for the mean squared axial charge radius, $g^*_P$ = 9.03(47) stat (42) sys for the induced pseudoscalar charge; and $g_{πNN}$ = 14.14(81) stat (85) sys for the pion-nucleon coupling. We also provide a parametrization of the axial form factor $G_A(Q^2)$ over the range 0 ≤ $Q^2$ ≤ 1 GeV 2 for use in phenomenology and a comparison with other lattice determinations. We find that the various lattice data agree within 10% but are significantly different from the extraction of $G_A(Q^2)$ from the $ν$-deuterium scattering data.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Single spin asymmetries in electron-nucleon scattering at low and intermediate energies

The target normal single-spin asymmetry in electron nucleon scattering is studied in the framework of the 1/Nc expansion of QCD, which allows for a rigorous description in the energy range that includes the Δ resonance and below the second baryon resonance region. The asymmetry is driven by the absorptive part of the two-photon exchange component of the scattering amplitude, being therefore the most unambiguous two-photon exchange effect. Such amplitude is shown to be described up to the next to leading order in the 1/Nc expansion only in terms of the charge and magnetic form factors of the nucleons, consequence of the approximate SU(4) spin flavor symmetry valid in the large Nc limit for baryons. A discussion is provided of the 1/Nc expansion framework along with the results for the asymmetries in elastic (e−N↑→e−N ), inelastic (e−N↑→e−Δ ), and inclusive scattering.

Goity, Jose Luis↗