In situ visualization of long-range defect interactions at the edge of melting
Dark-field X-ray microscopy movies reveal how patterns of microscopic defects in bulk aluminum destabilize from 97-99% of melting.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Three-dimensional coherent Bragg imaging of spontaneously rotating nanoparticles
Series of coherent diffraction patterns were collected from crystalline gold nanoparticles as these rotated under the influence of a focused X-ray beam. The resulting movies show the (111) Bragg peaks crossing the Ewald sphere, and the frames can be assembled into three-dimensional diffraction volumes and phased.
60 nm truncated-octrahedral gold nanoparticles↗
Characterization of a Low-Temperature Plasma (LTP) Ambient Ionization Source Using Temporally Resolved Monochromatic Imaging Spectrometry
The low-temperature plasma (LTP) probe is a common plasma-based source used for ambient desorption–ionization mass spectrometry (MS). While the LTP probe has been characterized in detail with MS, relatively few studies have used optical spectroscopy. In this paper, two-dimensional (2D) imaging at selected wavelengths is used to visualize important species in the LTP plasma jet. First, 2D steady-state images of the LTP plume for N 2 + (391.2 nm), He I (706.5 nm), and N 2 (337.1 nm) emissions were recorded under selected plasma conditions. Second, time-resolved 2D emission maps of radiative species in the LTP plasma jet were recorded through the use of a 200 ns detection gate and varying gate delays with respect to the LTP trigger pulse. Emission from He I, N 2 + , and N 2 in the plasma jet region was found to show a transient behavior (often referred to as plasma bullets) lasting only a few microseconds. The N 2 + and He I maps were highly correlated in spatial and temporal structure. Further, emission from N 2 showed two maxima in time, one before and one after the maximum emission for N 2 + and He I, due to an initial electronic excitation wave and ion–electron recombination, respectively. Third, the interaction of the LTP probe with a sample substrate and an electrically grounded metallic needle was studied. Emission from a fluorophore on the sample substrate showed an initial photon-induced excitation from plasma-generated photons followed by electronic excitation by other plasma species. The presence of a grounded needle near the plasma jet significantly extended the plasma jet lifetime and also generated a long-lived corona discharge on the needle. The effect of LTP operating parameters on emission spectra was correlated with mass-spectral results including reagent-ion signals. Lastly, five movies provide a side-by-side comparison of the temporal behavior of emitting species and insights into the interactions of the emission clouds with a sample surface as well as an external needle. Temporally and spatially resolved imaging provided insights into important processes in the LTP plasma jet, which will help improve analyte ion sampling in LTP–MS.
Chan, George C. -Y.↗
Time-lapse imagery in 2017 and 2018 at the Lower Montane site in the East River Watershed, Colorado
Time-lapse imagery was collected using an automated RGB camera mounted on a pole at the base of the northeast-facing hillslope at the Lower Montane site in the East River Watershed, Colorado. The imagery was intended to support a better understanding of plant dynamics and their controls during the growing season. The dataset includes RGB images archived in four zip files (containing imagery in JPEG format), corresponding to photos taken from the hillslope and the adjacent floodplain during 2017 and 2018. A fifth zip file contains a few AVI movies that compare imagery between the two years. The AVI files can be read with most media players applications. The archive contains a total of five *.zip files and three csv metadata files (flmd.csv, dd.csv, and locations.csv).This work was supported by the Watershed Function Science Focus Area at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
Need something worthwhile to read and watch? The Lab’s classified library director, senior historian’s offer recommendations
Social distancing has many of us turning even more to our streaming services and e-bookshelves in our free time. But if you’re looking for something even more compelling than Tiger King, staff from the National Security Research Center (the Lab’s classified library) have some recommendations for you. NSRC Director Riz Ali and Senior Historian Alan Carr share their top picks of books and movies on Los Alamos and atomic bomb history.
45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗
Crossroads Able "Gilda"
At 5:55 am local time on June 30, 1946, a B-29 bomber took to the air carrying a Fat Man bomb, christened Gilda. Named after a Rita Haworth movie character, Gilda was released over a target array of ninety-three ships, including the Japanese battleship Nagato, the German cruiser Prinz Eugen, and the United States aircraft carrier Independence, all of which carried varying amounts of munitions, fuel, and animals. Although Gilda missed its aiming point, the explosion sank five ships and severely damaged eight others. A large number of pigs, goats, and rats were exposed to lethal doses of ionizing radiation. Visually, Gilda was not that impressive, particularly to those expecting an apocalyptic event. As the New York Times reporter William Laurence recalled, “To some of the newspaper men aboard, keyed up to the point of expecting the observer ship to be blown out of the water, the spectacle, obscured somewhat by an intervening white cloud, was a disappointment. To me, who could distinguish between the natural cloud and the atomic cloud, the sight was awesome and spine chilling.”
45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗
Waveform Modeling and Simulation for Crustal Phases [Slides]
Goals for this project are to: numerically simulate wave propagation in layered crustal models with laterally-varying structure; Investigate seismic phases Pg and Pn; help understand the variability and complexity of these phases in recorded seismic data; and Use wavefield movies and "wavepaths" to suggest improvements for SALSA3D crustal tomography. In this presentation I will outline progress that has been made to date in an effort to modify a community research modeling code ("simulator")into a tool which can be used by GNDD researchers to study the effect of varying crustal velocity on wavefield propagation.
58 GEOSCIENCES↗
Dynamic Measurements of the Structural Evolution of Material Defects at the Mesoscale, NLV-001-19, Year 2
4th quarter presentation for FY20 Annual SDRD meeting to be held Sept. 23-24 on WebEx. An embedded movie is also attached. Dynamic Measurements of the Structural Evolution of Material Defects at the Mesoscale, NLV-001-19, Year 2
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
From the Starship Enterprise to Los Alamos National Laboratory: Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in the NSRC
Artificial Intelligence (AI) conjures up different emotions in different people. Some view it with fear, imagining a malevolent AI similar to Skynet in the Terminator movies. Others see something benevolent, such as the character Data in Star Trek: The Next Generation. Still others see it as a means to advance the frontiers of science, engineering, and technology to new levels not possible through traditional means. At the National Security Research Center (NSRC or the Center), we see AI as a tool to help us go through the monumental tasks we have in digitizing, cataloging, and searching our collections.
97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
A Valentine’s tribute to Lab love: Watch clips from 1943 wedding of two staff
She was a secretary for Director J. Robert Oppenheimer. He was a physicist who helped create the world’s first atomic bombs. And for 65 years they were Mr. and Mrs. Bradner. Hugh Bradner was the first person that Marjorie Hall met upon arrival to join the Lab’s clandestine war-time efforts. He happened to be in Dorothy McKibbin’s Santa Fe office when Marjorie walked in. It was love at first sight, Marjorie recalled years later in an interview. The Bradners were married in September 1943 at McKibbin’s home. It was one of many weddings there during the Manhattan Project era. Los Alamos was fenced and guarded during this time, as staff raced to secretly develop nuclear weapons to help end World War II. Most were young – the average age was late 20s – and many, like the Bradners, met their lifelong partners then. The Bradners left Los Alamos after the war ended in 1945. Hugh is credited with inventing the neoprene wetsuit in 1951. The couple had one daughter. Marjorie, 89, and Hugh, 92, died just a few weeks apart in 2008 in California. Many of their home movies from their time in Los Alamos are preserved at the Lab. They are part of the collections in the National Security Research Center, which is the Lab’s classified library and also houses unclassified artifacts.
99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
The archives of the future
The term “artificial intelligence” (AI) - essentially programming machines to think like humans - conjures up different emotions in different people. Some view it with fear, imagining a malevolent AI similar to Skynet in the Terminator movies. Others see something benevolent, such as the character Data in Star Trek: The Next Generation . Still others see it as a means to advance the frontiers of science, engineering and technology to new levels not possible through traditional means. At the National Security Research Center (NSRC or the Center), which is the classified library at Los Alamos National Laboratory, we see AI as a tool to help us go through the monumental tasks we have in digitizing, cataloging, and searching our collections.
96 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND PRESERVATION↗
LA-R43S6-L1 Postshot Report [Slides]
The Ranchero LA-R43S6-L1 test (formerly referred to as LA-43S-L1. The R specifically designates it is a Ranchero device and the 6 indicates a 6” high explosive charge diameter in anticipation of using larger diameters in the future.) was conducted on 3/8/17 with good success. The experiment was the first test of a “Swooped” Ranchero flux compression generator (FCG), and the load for the test was an aluminum imploding liner. In addition to the swoop, the stator was anodized to provide an insulating layer instead of one or more layers of polyethylene as had been the case for all earlier Ranchero tests. Using the Firing point TA-39-88 capacitor bank, 3.5 MA was delivered to the FCG for the initial magnetic field, and 36.4 MA were delivered to the load having an initial inductance of 2.5 nH. Implosion speeds over 1.1 cm/us were recorded, which exceeds previous LANL solid liner experimental results. The test was diagnosed with 18 PDV channels, 12 of which recorded liner implosion data, and the other 6 of which tracked the FCG armature during flux compression. These armature expansion data recorded during flux compression are the first of their kind, and it was previously unknown, due to unknown effects of the SF 6 in the flux compression volume, whether or not the expansion could be recorded using the PDV technique. Post shot 2D MHD calculations employed a complete external circuit model, and an improved flux diffusion model not available prior to the test. Results from these simulations show very good agreement with the experimental result. Four PDV channels recorded the liner implosion viewed radially outward from the center of the liner. All four of these probes recorded implosion velocities greater that 1 cm/µs, with the cylindrical center displaced by ~2 mm from actual center. Four PDV channels looked at +10° angles from the CMU wall, and four looked at -10° angles. A glide plane interaction is shown moving toward the center of the liner in MHD calculations, and PDV probes provide confirmation. The high explosive (HE) in the LA-R43S6-L1 test was PBX 9501 which had to be glued together in many pieces, and the test was preceded by a camera test to verify that the PBX 9501 could be assembled with acceptable tolerance in glue joints to prevent severing the armature during expansion. The camera test verified an acceptable armature performance, and results are given in complete detail in a post shot report LA-UR-19-20124, and summarized here. This report provides complete detail of the considerable body of data obtained on the test and in the post shot calculations. It is prepared in Power Point for ease of preparation and future review. Shot documentation available in the LANL on-line library are included as references, and non-referenceable documents will be cited and stored in an LA- R43S6-L1 post shot folder stored on an M-6 shared drive. Fabrication drawings are also maintained in an M-6 shared drive and paper files are available from M-6 personnel. This report will be maintained as a PowerPoint document on the shared drive, as well, since included movies will play and graphs from Excel files retain information in the PowerPoint versions. PDF versions are required for clearance and are not to large to send by e-mail.
42 ENGINEERING↗
Beyond the Manhattan Project: Books and documentaries that showcase Lab history after World War II
They are at it again, on this occasion just in time for National Library Week. Last year, staff members from the National Security Research Center (NSRC, the Laboratory’s classified library) recommended their favorite books and movies about Los Alamos National Laboratory during the Manhattan Project. This time out, NSRC Director Riz Ali and Senior Historian Alan Carr, joined by Historian Nicholas Lewis, tackle a greater challenge, recommending their favorite books, publications and documentaries that cover the Laboratory’s history after World War II.
99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
Veterans' Day Tribute: Q-cleared badge holder Charlton Heston's Lab films
This article discusses actor Charlton Heston's involvement with the laboratory. Heston narrated several films for the Laboratory in the 1980s. Charlton Heston was one of the greats of American film, appearing in nearly 100 movies beginning in the 1950s. He was most well-known for his roles as Moses in Cecil DeMille’s The Ten Commandments and as the title character in Ben-Hur, for which he won an Academy Award.
99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
Test your knowledge and win a poster! The Lab’s original wartime mission inspired an entire genre of pop culture; get your own Atomic Pop Culture poster
The Lab’s advent of the atomic bomb helped end World War II in 1945 and also inspired an entire genre of pop culture, including movies, music, and comic books.
99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
Real-space Recovery & Super-resolution of Ultrafast Scattering and Diffraction using Natural Scattering Kernels
Today, I will introduce a model-free method to see things that are usually out of sight. By see I mean recover real-space information in the atomic length and timescale of multiple motions, a molecular movie beyond what is traditionally resolved.
Natan, Adi↗
Operation Plumbbob
On June 24, 1957, a thirty-seven kiloton nuclear device, codenamed Priscilla, exploded 700 feet over the Nevada Test Site’s Frenchman dry lake. Below, on the lakebed, was a bank vault designed by the Mosler Safe Company for one of several Federal Civil Defense Administration experiments. The vault was constructed “to evaluate the effectiveness of a reinforced-concrete vault and steel vault door in providing protection against the effects of a nuclear detonation.” Blast damage to the exterior was largely confined to the side walls, whose concrete was stripped off; its steel reinforcing rods bent and twisted. The vault door was essentially undamaged and was opened with minimal difficulty. The vault contents - sandbags, movie camera, and thermometers - were only slightly disturbed. The camera operated as planned, running 40 ft of film. The film, however, was completely fogged. Two clinical type thermometers registered 88°F, and a 24-hr stylus American temperature recorder registered a constant 88°F. Priscilla was the fifth of twenty-nine tests conducted in 1957 as part of Operation Plumbbob, whose stated purpose was to conduct tests “aimed to attain new knowledge important to the defense of the United States and the Free World.” Individual events included “proof tests of air defense and antisubmarine warheads to be stockpiled, development tests of bomb components and mockups, and design tests of smaller and lighter warheads.” One test, John, was that of an air-to-air missile detonated 18,500 feet over the test site.
99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
Notes on the 2 to 1 bunch merge with application to polarized proton bunches in AGS
A simple and useful program to produce a 2 to 1 bunch merge is developed in these notes and applied to polarized proton bunches in AGS. The notes are summarized in Sections 1 through 4. The reader may refer to the additional sections as needed. Given the large number of pages and references to various sections, it is recommended that the document viewer be set up to increment and decrement the page number with single key strokes. This gives fast access to the sections and allows sequences of figures to be viewed as movies.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗