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At least 163 records · Page 9

Dark mesons at the LHC

A new, strongly-coupled “dark” sector could be accessible to LHC searches now. These dark sectors consist of composites formed from constituents that are charged under the electroweak group and interact with the Higgs, but are neutral under Standard Model color. In these scenarios, the most promising target is the dark meson sector, consisting of dark vector-mesons as well as dark pions. In this paper we study dark meson production and decay at the LHC in theories that preserve a global SU(2) dark flavor symmetry. Dark pions — like the pions of QCD — can be pair-produced through resonant dark vector meson production, pp → ρ D → π D π D , and decay in one of two distinct ways: “gaugephobic”, when π D →$f\bar{f}$' generally dominates; or “gaugephilic”, when π D → W + h, Z + h dominates once kinematically open. Unlike QCD, the decay π$^D_0$ → γγ is virtually absent due to the dark flavor symmetry. We recast a vast set of existing LHC searches to determine the current constraints on (and future opportunities for) dark meson production and decay. When m ρD is slightly heavier than 2m π${_D}$ and ρ$^{±,0}_D$ kinetically mixes with the weak gauge bosons, the 8 TeV same-sign lepton search strategy sets the best bound, m π${_D}$ > 500 GeV. Yet, when only the ρ$^0_D$ kinetically mixes with hypercharge, we find the strongest LHC bound is m π${_D}$ > 130 GeV, that is only slightly better than what LEP II achieved two decades ago. We find the relative insensitivity of LHC searches, especially at 13 TeV, can be blamed mainly on their penchant for high mass objects or large missing energy. Dedicated searches would undoubtedly yield substantially improved sensitivity. We provide a GitHub page to speed the implementation of these searches in future LHC analyses. Our findings for dark meson production and decay provide a strong motivation for model-independent searches of the form pp → A → B + C → SM SM + SM SM where the theoretical prejudice is for SM to be a 3rd generation quark or lepton, W, Z, or h.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Measurement of the production of charm jets tagged with D 0 mesons in pp collisions at $\sqrt{\mathrm{s}}=7$ TeV

The production of charm jets in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{\mathrm{s}}=7$ TeV was measured with the ALICE detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The measurement is based on a data sample corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 6.23 nb -1 , collected using a minimum-bias trigger. Charm jets are identified by the presence of a D 0 meson among their constituents. The D 0 mesons are reconstructed from their hadronic decay D 0 → $K^-π^+$. The D 0 -meson tagged jets are reconstructed using tracks of charged particles (track-based jets) with the anti-$k$ T algorithm in the jet transverse momentum range 5 < p T , j e t c h 30 GeV/ c and pseudorapidity |$η$ jet | < 0.5. The fraction of charged jets containing a D 0 -meson increases with p T , j e t c h from 0.042 ± 0.004 (stat) ± 0.006 (syst) to 0.080 ± 0.009 (stat) ± 0.008 (syst). The distribution of D 0 -meson tagged jets as a function of the jet momentum fraction carried by the D 0 meson in the direction of the jet axis ( z &#x2225;<!-- ∥ --> c h ) is reported for two ranges of jet transverse momenta, 5 < p T , j e t c h < 15 GeV/ c and 15 < p T , j e t c h < 30 GeV/ c in the intervals 0.2 < z &#x2016; c h < 1.0 and 0.4 < z &#x2016; c h < 1.0 respectively. The data are compared with results from Monte Carlo event generators (PYTHIA 6, PYTHIA 8 and Herwig 7) and with a Next-to-Leading-Order perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics calculation, obtained with the POWHEG method and interfaced with PYTHIA 6 for the generation of the parton shower, fragmentation, hadronisation and underlying event.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Associated production of prompt $J/ψ$ and Υ mesons in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV

The associated production of prompt J/ψ and Υ mesons in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV is studied using LHCb data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4 fb -1 . The measurement is performed for J/ψ (Υ) mesons with a transverse momentum p T < 10 (30) GeV/c in the rapidity range 2.0 < y < 4.5. In this kinematic range, the cross-section of the associated production of prompt J/ψ and Υ(1S) mesons is measured to be 133 ± 22 ± 7 ± 3 pb, with a signifcance of 7.9 σ, and that of prompt J/ψ and Υ(2S) mesons to be 76 ± 21 ± 4 ± 7 pb, with a signifcance of 4.9 σ. The frst uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic, and the third due to uncertainties on the used branching fractions. This is the frst observation of the associated production of J/ψ and Υ(1S) in proton-proton collisions. Diferential cross-sections are measured as functions of variables that are sensitive to kinematic correlations between the J/ψ and Υ(1S) mesons. The efective cross-sections of the associated production of prompt J/ψ and Υ mesons are obtained and found to be compatible with measurements using other particle productions.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Couplings between the ρ and D and D * mesons

In this paper, we compute couplings between the ρ-meson and D and D* mesons—D(*)ρD(*)—that are relevant to phenomenological meson-exchange models used to analyze nucleon–D-meson scattering and explore the possibility of exotic charmed nuclei. Our framework is built from elements constrained by Dyson-Schwinger equation studies in QCD, and therefore expresses a simultaneous description of light- and heavy-quarks and the states they constitute. We find that all interactions, including the three independent D*ρD* couplings, differ markedly amongst themselves in strength and also in range, as measured by their evolution with ρ-meson virtuality. As a consequence, it appears that one should be cautious in using a single coupling strength or parametrization for the study of interactions between D(*) mesons and matter.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Spin Alignment of Vector Mesons in Heavy-Ion Collisions

Polarized quarks and antiquarks in high-energy heavy-ion collisions can lead to the spin alignment of vector mesons formed by quark coalescence. Here, using the relativistic spin Boltzmann equation for vector mesons derived from Kadanoff-Baym equations with an effective quark-meson model for strong interaction and quark coalescence model for hadronizaton, we calculate the spin density matrix element $ρ_{00}$ for Φ mesons and show that anisotropies of local field correlations with respect to the spin quantization direction lead to Φ meson's spin alignment. We propose that the local correlation or fluctuation of Φ fields is the dominant mechanism for the observed Φ meson's spin alignment and its strength can be extracted from experimental data as functions of collision energies. The calculated transverse momentum dependence of $ρ_{00}$ agrees with STAR's data. We further predict the azimuthal angle dependence of $ρ_{00}$ which can be tested in future experiments.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Observation of the ϒ ( 3 S ) Meson and Suppression of ϒ States in Pb-Pb Collisions at s N N = 5.02 TeV

The production of ϒ ( 2 S ) and ϒ ( 3 S ) mesons in lead-lead (Pb-Pb) and proton-proton ( p p ) collisions is studied in their dimuon decay channel using the CMS detector at the LHC. The ϒ ( 3 S ) meson is observed for the first time in Pb-Pb collisions, with a significance above 5 standard deviations. The ratios of yields measured in Pb-Pb and p p collisions are reported for both the ϒ ( 2 S ) and ϒ ( 3 S ) mesons, as functions of transverse momentum and Pb-Pb collision centrality. These ratios, when appropriately scaled, are significantly less than unity, indicating a suppression of ϒ yields in Pb-Pb collisions. This suppression increases from peripheral to central Pb-Pb collisions. Furthermore, the suppression is stronger for ϒ ( 3 S ) mesons compared to ϒ ( 2 S ) mesons, extending the pattern of sequential suppression of quarkonium states in nuclear collisions previously seen for the J / ψ , ψ ( 2 S ) , ϒ ( 1 S ) , and ϒ ( 2 S ) mesons. © 2024 CERN, for the CMS Collaboration 2024 CERN

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

D Meson Production in e + e - Annihilation [Thesis]

The production of D mesons in e + e - annihilation for the center-of-mass energy range 3.7 to 7.0 GeV has been studied with the MARK I magnetic detector at the Stanford Positron Electron Accelerating Ring facility. We observed a resonance in the total cross-section for hadron production in e + e - annihilation at an energy just above the threshold for charm production. This resonance, which we name ψ", has a mass of 3772 ± 6 MeV/c 2 , a partial width to electron pairs of 345 ± 85 eV/c 2 , and decays almost exclusively into $D\overline{D}$ pairs. The ψ" provides a rich source of background-free and kinematically well defined D mesons for study. From the study of D mesons produced in the decay of the ψ" we have determined the masses of the D o and D + mesons to be 1863.3 ± 0.9 MeV/c 2 and 1868.3 ± 0.9 MeV/c 2 respectively. we also determined the branching fraction for D o to K - π + , K -o π + π - and K - π + π - π + to be (2.2 ± 0.6)%, (4.0 ± 1.3)%, and (3.2 ± 1.1)% and the branching fractions for D + decay to K -o π + and K - π + π + to be (1.5 ± 0.6)% and (3.9 ± 1.0)%. The average number of kaons per D decay was found to be 0.52 ± 0.14 K o 's and 0.42 ± 0.12 K + 's. The rate for inclusive production of D mesons at center-of-mass energies above the ψ" has been measured; we find that it can account for most, if not all, of the observed increase in the total hadronic cross-section for center-of-mass energies above 4 GeV. The inclusive momentum and energy spectra for D's have been measured at the highest available center-of-mass energy (7 GeV). The energy spectra are rapidly decreasing functions of energy with a slope similar to the slope of the charged pion spectrum at the same center-of-mass energy. This behaviour suggests that the fragmentation function of the charmed quark into charmed mesons is a decreasing function of the scaling variable z = 2E D /E CM .

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Development of the Barrel Calorimeter Reconstruction and Measurement of the Beam Asymmetry (S) for Photoproduced π 0 and η Mesons with the GlueX Experiment

The GlueX experiment is located in Hall D at Jefferson Lab with the primary goal of mapping out the spectrum of hybrid mesons. GlueX features a nearly-4π hermetic detector capable of measuring neutral and charged particles produced by a 9 GeV linearly polarized photon beam incident on a liquid hydrogen target. A description of the detector is presented to give an overview of the experiment. A lot of effort has been put forth into analyzing the data recorded by the detector. Here I discuss improving the performance of the Barrel Calorimeter subdetector by calibrating the gains and improving the reconstruction software. The immediate physics goal of GlueX is to measure observables of known particles, especially those that are expected to be decay particles of hybrid mesons, such as π 0 and η. To understand the photoproduction mechanism of these two particles the beam asymmetry (S) observable is measured. The measurements of Σ are obtained as a function of the four-momentum transfer squared, -t, in the photon energy range of 8.2 GeV to 8.8 GeV in the three dominant decay modes of the η meson and in the dominant decay mode of the π 0 meson. These are the first results for the η meson at this beam energy in multiple decay modes. The results agree with previously published GlueX results for η and π 0 and are made with significantly higher statistical precision. There is also agreement between theory predictions and the results which indicates that the resonance production mechanisms of the π 0 and η mesons are dominated by natural parity exchange.

McGinley, William Edmund↗

Sensitivity of D meson azimuthal anisotropies to system size and nuclear structure

Recent experimental data at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) confirmed that the soft sector azimuthal anisotropies in central XeXe collisions are sensitive to deformations in the wave function of the Xenon nucleus. Additionally, the CMS experiment found that D meson flow is slightly suppressed compared to other particle species when considering quark number scaling in small systems of pPb compared to PbPb. In this talk we used the D and B Mesons Modular (DAB-MOD) code coupled to Trento+v-USPhydro to calculate the R AA and v n ’s of D mesons using different energy loss models and Langevin techniques. Comparing D mesons R AA and v n in PbPb to XeXe collisions it is found that in central collisions D meson azimuthal anisotropies are sensitive to details in the nuclear structure wave function of Xenon. Additionally, we find that in mid-central collisions the smaller system size of XeXe suppresses D meson flow.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Photoproduction and Decay of Light Mesons in CLAS

We present preliminary experimental results on photoproduction and decay of light mesons measured with CLAS setup at JLAB . This include Dalitz decay of pseudoscalar and vector mesons, radiative decay of pseudoscalar mesons as well hadronic decays of pseudoscalar and vector mesons. The collected high statistics in some of decay channels exceeds the world data by an order of magnitude and some other decay modes are observed for the first time. It is shown how the CLAS data will improve the world data on transition form factors of light mesons, Dalitz plot analyses, branching ratios of rare decay modes and other fundamental properties potentially accessible through the light meson decays.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

In-medium Properties of {omega} and {eta}' Mesons in Elementary Reactions

We have investigated the in-medium properties of {omega} and eta prime mesons in photoproduction experiments using the Crystal Barrel(CB)/TAPS detector system at the ELSA accelerator facility in Bonn. Different methods to study the in-medium properties of the hadrons are discussed. The lineshape analysis of {omega}-mesons for two energy ranges shows limited sensitivity to in-medium modifications. Recent results on the in-medium width of the eta prime-meson, derived from transparency ratio measurements, are presented. The absorption of the eta prime-meson in nuclear matter is discussed.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Excited light meson spectroscopy from lattice QCD

I report on recent progress in calculating excited meson spectra using lattice QCD, emphasizing results and phenomenology. With novel techniques we can now extract extensive spectra of excited mesons with high statistical precision, including spin-four states and those with exotic quantum numbers. As well as isovector meson spectra, I will present new calculations of the spectrum of excited light isoscalar mesons, something that has up to now been a challenge for lattice QCD. I show determinations of the flavor content of these mesons, including the eta-eta' mixing angle, providing a window on annihilation dynamics in QCD. I will also discuss recent work on using lattice QCD to map out the energy-dependent phase shift in pi-pi scattering and future applications of the methodology to the study of resonances and decays.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

A Measurement of the Semileptonic Branching Fraction of the B_s Meson

We report a measurement of the inclusive semileptonic branching fraction of the B{sub s} meson using data collected with the BABAR detector in the center-of-mass energy region above the {gamma}(4S) resonance. We use the inclusive yield of {phi} mesons and the {phi} yield in association with a high-momentum lepton to perform a simultaneous measurement of the semileptonic branching fraction and the production rate of B{sub s} mesons relative to all B mesons as a function of center-of-mass energy. The inclusive semileptonic branching fraction of the B{sub s} meson is determined to be {Beta}(B{sub s} {yields} {ell}{nu}X) = 9.5{sub -2.0}{sup +2.5}(stat){sub -1.9}{sup +1.1}(syst)%, where {ell} indicates the average of e and {mu}.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Investigation of near-threshold eta-meson production in the reaction {pi}{sup -}p{yields} {eta}n

Differential and total cross sections for eta-meson production in the reaction {pi}{sup -}p {yields} {eta}n were measured within the experimental program eta-meson physics implemented in the pion channel of the synchrocyclotron of the Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (PNPI, Gatchina). These measurements were performed at incident-pion momenta (700, 710, 720, and 730 MeV/c) in the vicinity of the threshold for the process under study by using the neutral-meson spectrometer designed and created at the Meson Physics Laboratory of PNPI. It is shown that, in the immediate vicinity of the threshold (685 MeV/c), the process of eta-meson production proceeds predominantly via S{sub 11}(1535)-resonance formation followed by the decay S{sub 11}(1535) {yields} {eta}n (the respective branching fraction is Br Almost-Equal-To 60%), but that, as the momentum of incident pions increases, the role of the D wave becomes ever more important. A detailed analysis of this effect indicates that it is due to the increasing contribution of the D{sub 13}(1520) resonance. Although the branching fraction of the decay of this resonance through the {eta}n channel is assumed to be very small (BR Almost-Equal-To 0.24%), the effect is enhanced owing to the interference between the D wave and the dominant resonance S{sub 11}(1535).

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Renormalization of one meson exchange potentials and their currents

The Nucleon-Nucleon One Meson Exchange Potential, its wave functions and related Meson Exchange Currents are analyzed for point-like nucleons. The leading N{sub c} contributions generate a local and energy independent potential which presents 1/r{sup 3} singularities, requiring renormalization. We show how invoking suitable boundary conditions, neutron-proton phase shifts and deuteron properties become largely insensitive to the nucleon substructure and to the vector mesons. Actually, reasonable agreement with low energy data for realistic values of the coupling constants (e.g. SU(3) values) is found. The analysis along similar lines for the Meson Exchange Currents suggests that this renormalization scheme implies tremendous simplifications while complying with exact gauge invariance at any stage of the calculation.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Nonleptonic two-body decays of charmed mesons

Nonleptonic decays of charmed mesons into two pseudoscalar mesons or one pseudoscalar meson and one vector meson are studied on the basis of a generalized factorization method considering the resonance effects in the pole model for the annihilation contributions. Large strong phases between different topological diagrams are considered in this work, simply taking the phase in the coefficients a{sub i}. We find that the annihilation-type contributions calculated in the pole model are large in both of the PP and PV modes, which make our numerical results agree with the experimental data better than those previous calculations.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Measurement of 𝜔 meson production in 𝑝⁢𝑝 and 𝑝-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV

We present the measurement of the 𝑝 T -differential production cross section of 𝜔 mesons in pp and 𝑝-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV at midrapidity by ALICE. In addition, the first measurement of the nuclear modification factor 𝑅 𝑝⁢Pb for 𝜔 mesons at LHC energies is presented, complementing the existing measurements of lighter neutral mesons such as the 𝜋 0 and 𝜂. Within the measured 𝑝 T range, the 𝑅 𝑝⁢Pb of 𝜔 mesons is compatible with no cold nuclear matter effects within the uncertainties, consistent with previous measurements at lower energies. The 𝜔/𝜋 0 ratio is presented for both collision systems, showing no collision system dependence within the uncertainties. The comparison to previously published 𝜔/𝜋 0 ratios at lower and higher collision energies in pp collisions suggests a decreasing trend of the ratio above 𝑝T = 4 GeV/𝑐 with increasing collision energy. The data in both collision systems are compared to predictions from PYTHIA 8, EPOS LHC, and DPMJET event generators, revealing significant shortcomings in these models’ ability to describe the production of 𝜔 mesons.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Measurement of φ-meson production in Cu + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV and U + U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 193 GeV

The PHENIX experiment reports systematic measurements at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider of φ-meson production in asymmetric Cu + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV and in U + U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 193 GeV. Measurements were performed via the φ → K + K – decay channel at midrapidity |η| < 0.35. Features of φ- meson production measured in Cu + Cu, Cu + Au, Au + Au, and U + U collisions were found to not depend on the collision geometry, which was expected because the yields are averaged over the azimuthal angle and follow the expected scaling with nuclear-overlap size. The elliptic flow of the φ meson in Cu + Au, Au + Au, and U + U collisions scales with second-order-participant eccentricity and the length scale of the nuclear-overlap region (estimated with the number of participating nucleons). At moderate $p_T$ , φ-meson production measured in Cu + Au and U + U collisions is consistent with coalescence-model predictions, whereas at high $p_T$ the production is in agreement with expectations for in-medium energy loss of parent partons prior to their fragmentation. Finally, the elliptic flow for φ mesons measured in Cu + Au and U + U collisions is well described by a (2+1)-dimensional viscous-hydrodynamic model with specific-shear viscosity η/s = 1/4π.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗