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At least 163 records · Page 9

Low Thermal Conductivity in Heteroanionic Materials with Layers of Homoleptic Polyhedra

Although BiAgOSe, an analogue of a well-studied thermoelectric material BiCuOSe, is thermodynamically stable, its synthesis is complicated by the low driving force of formation from the stable binary and ternary intermediates. Here we have developed a “subtraction strategy” to suppress byproducts and produce pure phase BiAgOSe using hydrothermal methods. Electronic structure calculations and optical characterization show that BiAgOSe is an indirect bandgap semiconductor with a bandgap of 0.95 eV. The prepared sample exhibits lower lattice thermal conductivities (0.61 W·m –1 ·K –1 at room temperature and 0.35 W·m –1 ·K –1 at 650 K) than BiCuOSe. Further, lattice dynamical simulations and variable temperature diffraction measurements demonstrate that the low lattice thermal conductivity arises from both the low sound velocity and high phonon–phonon scattering rates in BiAgOSe. These in turn result primarily from the soft Ag–Se bonds in the edge-sharing AgSe 4 tetrahedra and large sublattice mismatch between the quasi-two-dimensional [Bi 2 O 2 ] 2+ and [Ag 2 Se 2 ] 2– layers. These results highlight the advantages of manipulating the chemistry of homoleptic polyhedra in heteroanionic compounds for electronic structure and phonon transport control.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

The critical role of ultra-low-energy vibrations in the relaxation dynamics of molecular qubits

Improving the performance of molecular qubits is a fundamental milestone towards unleashing the power of molecular magnetism in the second quantum revolution. Taming spin relaxation and decoherence due to vibrations is crucial to reach this milestone, but this is hindered by our lack of understanding on the nature of vibrations and their coupling to spins. Here we propose a synergistic approach to study a prototypical molecular qubit. It combines inelastic X-ray scattering to measure phonon dispersions along the main symmetry directions of the crystal and spin dynamics simulations based on DFT. We show that the canonical Debye picture of lattice dynamics breaks down and that intra-molecular vibrations with very-low energies of 1-2 meV are largely responsible for spin relaxation up to ambient temperature. We identify the origin of these modes, thus providing a rationale for improving spin coherence. The power and flexibility of our approach open new avenues for the investigation of magnetic molecules with the potential of removing roadblocks toward their use in quantum devices.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

Theoretical Investigations of Anharmonic Effects and Phonon Transport in the Cubic Phase of Crystalline Perovskite CsPbCl 3

The role of anharmonic effects on lattice dynamics and thermal transport has been investigated in the cubic phase of the CsPbCl 3 perovskite. Limitations of the harmonic approximation, which lead to phonon instabilities in the Brillouin zone, were addressed based on self-consistent phonon theory in combination with first-principles calculations and by incorporation of frequency renormalization effects from bubble and loop diagrams. This theoretical approach demonstrates significant improvements compared to results obtained using a self-consistent phonon dynamic matrix. Both the cubic-to-tetragonal phase transition temperature as well as the predicted lattice thermal conductivity values show good agreement with selected sets of available experimental data. In conclusion, the accuracy of the predicted thermal conductivity data is also tested against systems significantly larger than those allowed by quantum calculations, by using molecular dynamic simulations with machine-learning force fields.

Lattices↗

Orbital-selective time-domain signature of nematicity dynamics in the charge-density-wave phase of La 1.65 Eu 0.2 Sr 0.15 CuO 4

Understanding the interplay between charge, nematic, and structural ordering tendencies in cuprate superconductors is critical to unraveling their complex phase diagram. Using pump–probe time-resolved resonant X-ray scattering on the (0 0 1) Bragg peak at the Cu L 3 and O K resonances, we investigate nonequilibrium dynamics of Q a = Q b = 0 nematic order and its association with both charge density wave (CDW) order and lattice dynamics in La 1.65 Eu 0.2 Sr 0.15 CuO 4 . The orbital selectivity of the resonant X-ray scattering cross-section allows nematicity dynamics associated with the planar O 2 p and Cu 3 d states to be distinguished from the response of anisotropic lattice distortions. A direct time-domain comparison of CDW translational-symmetry breaking and nematic rotational-symmetry breaking reveals that these broken symmetries remain closely linked in the photoexcited state, consistent with the stability of CDW topological defects in the investigated pump fluence regime.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Temperature Dependent Local Atomic Structure and Vibrational Dynamics of Barium Hydride and Calcium Hydride

Solid-state ionic conductors that exhibit pure ionic transport of hydride anions are rare. Here, we investigate two alkaline earth metal hydrides, barium hydride and calcium hydride, using neutron scattering techniques to understand how the local atomic environment plays a role in the diffusion of hydride ions. At high temperatures, barium hydride exhibits exceptional transport properties with ionic conductivities that are higher than those of many of the typical proton and oxide ion conductors in use today. Total neutron scattering and pair distribution function analysis reveal how a structural phase transition converts barium hydride from a modest ionic conductor into a fast ionic conductor through the introduction of disorder, deuterium site splitting, and dynamic structural fluctuations. Furthermore, neutron vibrational spectroscopy is employed to probe changes in the temperature evolution of the lattice dynamics and local energy landscape. These results improve our fundamental knowledge of the interplay between structure and dynamics governing a rare conduction process of hydride ions in solid-state materials.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

Symmetry-mediated quantum coherence of W 5+ spins in an oxygen-deficient double perovskite

Elucidating the factors limiting quantum coherence in real materials is essential to the development of quantum technologies. Here we report a strategic approach to determine the effect of lattice dynamics on spin coherence lifetimes using oxygen deficient double perovskites as host materials. In addition to obtaining millisecond T 1 spin-lattice lifetimes at T ~ 10 K, measurable quantum superpositions were observed up to room temperature. We determine that T 2 enhancement in Sr 2 CaWO 6-δ over previously studied Ba 2 CaWO 6-δ is caused by a dynamically-driven increase in effective site symmetry around the dominant paramagnetic site, assigned as W 5+ via electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Further, a combination of experimental and computational techniques enabled quantification of the relative strength of spin-phonon coupling of each phonon mode. This analysis demonstrates the effect of thermodynamics and site symmetry on the spin lifetimes of W 5+ paramagnetic defects, an important step in the process of reducing decoherence to produce longer-lived qubits.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Charged multihadron systems in lattice QCD+QED

Systems with the quantum numbers of up to 12 charged and neutral pseudoscalar mesons, as well as one-, two-, and three-nucleon systems, are studied using dynamical lattice quantum chromodynamics and quantum electrodynamics (QCD+QED) calculations and effective field theory. QED effects on hadronic interactions are determined by comparing systems of charged and neutral hadrons after tuning the quark masses to remove strong isospin breaking effects. A nonrelativistic effective field theory, which perturbatively includes finite-volume Coulomb effects, is analyzed for systems of multiple charged hadrons and found to accurately reproduce the lattice QCD+QED results. QED effects on charged multihadron systems beyond Coulomb photon exchange are determined by comparing the two- and three-body interaction parameters extracted from the lattice QCD+QED results for charged and neutral multihadron systems.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Freezing of the Lattice in the Kagome Lattice Heisenberg Antiferromagnet Zn-Barlowite ZnCu 3 (OD) 6 FBr

Here, we use 79 Br nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) to demonstrate that ultraslow lattice dynamics set in below the temperature scale set by the Cu-Cu superexchange interaction J (≃160 K) in the kagome lattice Heisenberg antiferromagnet Zn-barlowite. The lattice completely freezes below 50 K, and 79 Br NQR line shapes become twice broader due to increased lattice distortions. Moreover, the frozen lattice exhibits an oscillatory component in the transverse spin echo decay, a typical signature of pairing of nuclear spins by indirect nuclear spin-spin interaction. This indicates that some Br sites form structural dimers via a pair of kagome Cu sites prior to the gradual emergence of spin singlets below ~30 K. Our findings underscore the significant roles played by subtle structural distortions in determining the nature of the disordered magnetic ground state of the kagome lattice.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Interfacial Reactivity-Triggered Oscillatory Lattice Strains of Nanoalloys

Understanding the structure evolution of nanoalloys under reaction conditions is vital to the design of active and durable catalysts. Herein, we report an operando measurement of the dynamic lattice strains of dual-noble-metal alloyed with an earth-abundant metal as a model electrocatalyst in a working proton-exchange membrane fuel cell using synchrotron high-energy X-ray diffraction coupled with pair distribution function analysis. Additionally, the results reveal an interfacial reaction-triggered oscillatory lattice strain in the alloy nanoparticles upon surface dealloying. Analysis of the lattice strains with an apparent oscillatory irregularity in terms of frequency and amplitude using time-frequency domain transformation and theoretical calculation reveals its origin from a metal atom vacancy diffusion pathway to facilitate realloying upon dealloying. This process, coupled with surface metal partial oxidation, constitutes a key factor for the nanoalloy's durability under the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction condition, which serves as a new guiding principle for engineering durable or self-healable electrocatalysts for sustainable fuel cell energy conversion.

Wu, Zhi-Peng [State University of New York (SUNY),↗

Coherently coupled carrier and phonon dynamics in elemental tellurium probed by extreme ultraviolet transient absorption

The narrow band-gap semiconductor elemental tellurium (Te) has a unique electronic structure due to strong spin-orbit splitting and a lack of inversion symmetry of its helical lattice. Using broadband extreme ultraviolet core-level transient absorption, we simultaneously measure the coherently coupled photoinduced carrier and lattice dynamics at the Te N4,5 edge initiated by a few-cycle NIR pulse. Ultrafast excitation of carriers leads to a coherently excited A1 phonon oscillation and the generation of a hot carrier population distribution that oscillates in temperature, and the phonon excursion and hot carrier temperature are π out of phase with respect to each other. The depths of modulation suggest a significant coupling between the electronic and lattice degrees of freedom in Te. A long-lived shift of the absorption edge suggests an excited state of Te in another equilibrium potential energy surface that lives on the order of the carrier recombination timescale. The observed phonon-induced oscillations of the hot carriers are supportive of a change in the metallicity, whereby Te becomes more metallic with increasing phonon-induced displacement. Additionally, near the Fermi level we observe an energy-dependent phase of the displacive excitation of the A1 phonon mode. The discovery of coherent coupling between the lattice and hot carriers in Te provides the basis to investigate coherent interactions between spin and orbital degrees of freedom. The results spectrally and temporally resolve the correlation between photoexcited hot carriers and coherent lattice excitations, providing insight on the optical manipulation of the Te electronic structure at high carrier densities exceeding 1021cm−3.

Adelman, Jonah R↗

Beam dynamics in a storage ring with a free-electron laser

In this paper, we study the dynamics of the electron beam in a diffraction limited storage ring with a high-gain free-electron laser. We present in detail the design, including lattice, dynamic aperture, intrabeam scattering, and coherent synchrotron radiation. The simulation of the electron storage ring combined with the free-electron laser is carried out until the electron beam reaches its equilibrium. We find that the initial exponential radiation power is reduced approximately to linear with respect to the undulator length due to the large increase of the energy spread from the free-electron laser.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

Extreme ultraviolet transient gratings: A tool for nanoscale photoacoustics

Collective lattice dynamics determine essential aspects of condensed matter, such as elastic and thermal properties. These exhibit strong dependence on the length-scale, reflecting the marked wavevector dependence of lattice excitations. The extreme ultraviolet transient grating (EUV TG) approach has demonstrated the potential of accessing a wavevector range corresponding to the 10s of nm length-scale, representing a spatial scale of the highest relevance for fundamental physics and forefront technology, previously inaccessible by optical TG and other inelastic scattering methods. In this manuscript we report on the capabilities of this technique in the context of probing thermoelastic properties of matter, both in the bulk and at the surface, as well as discussing future developments and practical considerations.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Transition-state lattice modes and the breakdown of adiabatic tunneling for hydrogen and deuterium in bcc Nb

Interstitial hydrogen and deuterium in body-centered-cubic metals constitute archetypal quantum tunneling systems. Their relevance has been renewed by the connection between hydrogenic tunneling in Nb and defect-induced decoherence in superconducting qubits, motivating a predictive microscopic theory. Existing theoretical treatments invoke an adiabatic separation between the light interstitial and the host lattice, an assumption whose validity has not been rigorously established for hydrogenic species. Here, we show that the experimentally measured tunnel splittings of O-trapped H and D in bcc Nb are quantitatively reproduced only within a five-dimensional (5D) Lattice-Renormalized Born-Oppenheimer (LRBO) framework. This approach treats three interstitial modes and two judiciously selected lattice modes, which includes a transition-state mode, on equal quantum footing. By recasting nested Born-Oppenheimer hierarchies within this same formalism and benchmarking against modern \textit{ab initio} potential energy surfaces, we show that adiabatic separation of the light particle from lattice dynamics is satisfied only in the positive-muon ($μ^{+}$) mass limit. In contrast, tunneling for H and D is fundamentally a collective, nonadiabatic process mediated by anharmonic lattice couplings. Finally, we show that the breakdown of adiabaticity can be anticipated from simple energy estimates involving the ground-state light-particle energy evaluated at a small number of fixed lattice configurations, providing a practical criterion for assessing the validity of adiabatic tunneling theories in other systems.

Pritchard, P. Graham [Northwestern U.]↗

Ultrafast lattice disordering can be accelerated by electronic collisional forces

In the prevalent picture of ultrafast structural phase transitions, the atomic motion occurs in a slowly varying potential energy surface determined adiabatically by the fast electrons. However, this ignores non-conservative forces caused by electron-lattice collisions, which can significantly influence atomic motion. Most ultrafast techniques only probe the average structure and are less sensitive to random displacements, and therefore do not detect the role played by non-conservative forces in phase transitions. Here we show that the lattice dynamics of the prototypical insulator-to-metal transition of VO 2 cannot be described by a potential energy alone. We use the sample temperature to control the preexisting lattice disorder before ultrafast photoexcitation across the phase transition and our ultrafast diffuse scattering experiments show that the fluctuations characteristic of the rutile metal develop equally fast (120 fs) at initial temperatures of 100 K and 300 K. This indicates that additional non-conservative forces are responsible for the increased lattice disorder. In conclusion, these results highlight the need for more sophisticated descriptions of ultrafast phenomena beyond the Born-Oppenheimer approximation as well as ultrafast probes of spatial fluctuations beyond the average unit cell measured by diffraction.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Correlation of Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Polarization and Charge Transport in Blended Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskites on Macro- and Nanoscales

Progress in flexible organic electronics necessitates a full understanding of how local inhomogeneities impact electronic and ionic conduction pathways and underlie macroscopic device characteristics. In this work, we used frequency- and time-resolved macro- and nanoprobe measurements to study spatiotemporal characteristics of multiscale charge transport dynamics in a series of ternary-blended hybrid organic inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) (MA 0.95– x FA x Cs 0.05 PbI 3 ). We show that A-site cation composition defines charge transport mechanisms across broad temporal (10 2 –10 –6 s) and spatial (millimeters–picometers) scales. Ab initio molecular dynamic simulations suggest that insertion of FA results in a dynamic lattice, improved ion transport, and dipole screening. We demonstrate that correlations between macro- and nanoscale measurements provide a pathway for accessing distribution of relaxation in nanoscale polarization and charge transport dynamics of ionically conductive functional perovskites.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Lattice chain theories for dynamics of acoustic flexural phonons in nonpolar nanomaterials

Knowledge of lattice dynamics of acoustic flexural phonons is critically important in understanding the mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of nanomaterials. However, the general nature of acoustic flexural phonons for the span of possible nanomaterials and the dependence of these on microscopic material properties remain unclear. Therefore, we develop general lattice chain theories to understand acoustic flexural vibrations in covalent and van der Waals lattices. Furthermore, the analytic theories suggest that the flexure branch has quadratic dispersion for low dimensional lattices in the long-wavelength limit, quite different from linear branches in bulk van der Waals bonded lattices like graphite. Surprisingly, interlayer van der Waals interactions in multilayer lattices do not determine the behavior of the flexural dispersion. The bonds of covalent interactions in multilayer and buckled monolayer lattices play different roles in determining the flexural dispersion with those in flat monolayer lattices, e.g., graphene. Further, based on the correspondence between microscopic and continuum dynamics, we provide a universal and effective approach to characterize the intrinsic bending rigidity of low dimensional nanomaterials using dispersion data.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Anharmonic Cation–Anion Coupling Dynamics Assisted Lithium‐Ion Diffusion in Sulfide Solid Electrolytes

Abstract Sulfide‐based lithium superionic conductors often show higher Li‐ion conductivity than other types of electrolyte materials. This work unveils a unique Li‐ion conductive behavior in these materials through the perspective of anharmonic coupling assisted Li‐ion diffusion. Li hopping events can happen simultaneously with various types of lattice dynamics, while only a statistically important synchronization of motions may indicate coupling. This method enables a direct evaluation of the coupling strength between these motions, which more fundamentally decides if a specific type of lattice motion is really anharmonically coupled to the Li hopping event and whether the coupling can facilitate the Li diffusion. By a new ab initio computational approach, this work unveils a unique phenomenon in prototype sulfide electrolytes in comparison with typical halide ones, that Li‐ion conduction can be boosted by the anharmonic coupling of low‐frequency Li phonon modes with high‐frequency anion stretching or flexing phonon modes, rather than the low‐frequency rotational modes. The coupling pushes Li ions toward the diffusion channels for reduced diffusion barriers. The result from the lower temperature range (≈0–300 K) of simulation can also be more relevant to the application of solid‐state batteries.

Chemistry↗

Complex Dynamics in Argyrodite Solid-State Ion Conductors

Argyrodites are a compositionally diverse family of materials that exhibit remarkable ion transport properties. While the average crystal structures of argyrodites have been extensively studied, ion transport in these materials is governed by a confluence of dynamic processes spanning the cation, anion, and polyanionic sublattices. This Perspective synthesizes recent advances in understanding the role of dynamics in structural behavior and ion transport properties. We examine the compositional and structural motifs that govern order−disorder transitions within the argyrodite family and further explore how ion hopping is facilitated by lattice dynamics, from long-range phonons to local rotational dynamics of polyanionic species. Through the lens of dynamics spanning multiple time and length scales, we establish guiding principles that govern transport phenomena and highlight avenues of future study for the argyrodite family of ion conductors.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗