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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 163 records · Page 9
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Measurement of the inclusive and differential $t\overline{t}γ$ cross sections in the dilepton channel and effective field theory interpretation in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV

The production cross section of a top quark pair in association with a photon is measured in proton-proton collisions in the decay channel with two oppositely charged leptons (e ± μ ∓ , e + e - , or μ + μ - ). The measurement is performed using 138 fb -1 of proton-proton collision data recorded by the CMS experiment at √s = 13 TeV during the 2016–2018 data-taking period of the CERN LHC. A fiducial phase space is defined such that photons radiated by initial-state particles, top quarks, or any of their decay products are included. An inclusive cross section of 175.2 ± 2.5(stat) ± 6.3(syst) fb is measured in a signal region with at least one jet coming from the hadronization of a bottom quark and exactly one photon with transverse momentum above 20 GeV. Differential cross sections are measured as functions of several kinematic observables of the photon, leptons, and jets, and compared to standard model predictions. The measurements are also interpreted in the standard model effective field theory framework, and limits are found on the relevant Wilson coefficients from these results alone and in combination with a previous CMS measurement of the tt¯γ production process using the lepton+jets final state.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Measurement of inclusive and leading subjet fragmentation in pp and Pb–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV

This article presents new measurements of the fragmentation properties of jets in both proton–proton (pp) and heavy-ion collisions with the ALICE experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We report distributions of the fraction $z_r$ of transverse momentum carried by subjets of radius $r$ within jets of radius $R$. Charged-particle jets are reconstructed at midrapidity using the anti-$k_T$ algorithm with jet radius $R$ = 0.4, and subjets are reconstructed by reclustering the jet constituents using the anti-$k_T$ algorithm with radii $r$ = 0.1 and $r$ = 0.2. In proton–proton collisions, we measure both the inclusive and leading subjet distributions. We compare these measurements to perturbative calculations at next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy, which suggest a large impact of threshold resummation and hadronization effects on the $z_r$ distribution. In heavy-ion collisions, we measure the leading subjet distributions, which allow access to a region of harder jet frag- mentation than has been probed by previous measurements of jet quenching via hadron fragmentation distributions. The $z_r$ distributions enable extraction of the parton-to-subjet fragmentation function and allow for tests of the universality of jet fragmentation functions in the quark–gluon plasma (QGP). We find no significant modification of $z_r$ distributions in Pb–Pb compared to pp collisions. However, the distributions are also consistent with a hardening trend for $z_r$ < 0.95, as predicted by several jet quenching models. As $z_r$ → 1 our results indicate that any such hardening effects cease, exposing qualitatively new possibilities to disentangle competing jet quenching mechanisms. By comparing our results to theoretical calculations based on an independent extraction of the parton-to-jet fragmentation function, we find consistency with the universality of jet fragmentation and no indication of factorization breaking in the QGP.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Semi-inclusive single-jet production in DIS at next-to-leading order in the Color Glass Condensate

Within the Color Glass Condensate (CGC) effective field theory, we derive the next-to-leading order (NLO) cross-section for the single-jet semi-inclusive cross-section in deep inelastic scattering (DIS) at small x, for both longitudinally and transversely polarized virtual photons. We provide analytic expressions, valid at finite N c and suitable for numerical evaluation, for both the cross-section differential in rapidity and transverse momentum and the cross-section differential in rapidity only. Our NLO formulae demonstrate that the very forward rapidity regime is plagued by large double logarithmic corrections coming from phase space constraints on soft gluons close to the kinematic threshold for jet production. A joint resummation of small-x and threshold logarithms at single logarithmic accuracy is proposed to remedy the instability of the cross-section in this regime. By integrating over the single-jet phase space, we recover known results for the NLO DIS structure functions at small x, previously obtained using the optical theorem.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Next-to-next-to-leading power corrections to unpolarized Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering

Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS) is a key tool for exploring the three-dimensional structure of the nucleon through Transverse Momentum Dependent parton distributions and fragmentation functions. While leading-power contributions to the SIDIS cross-section are well established, next-to-leading power (NLP) corrections of order 1/Q and next-to-next-to-leading power (NNLP) corrections of order 1/Q 2 to the hadronic tensor have only recently begun to be systematically investigated. These corrections are essential for reliable phenomenology and interpretation of modern high-precision data. In recent papers by one of the authors, NNLP corrections to the Drell-Yan process were derived using the rapidity factorization formalism. In the present work, we extend this approach to SIDIS and obtain analytic expressions for the unpolarized structure functions. We derive NNLP corrections that include convolutions of unpolarized distributions, f 1 , with unpolarized fragmentation functions, D 1 , and Boer-Mulders functions, ${h}_1^{\perp }$, with Collins fragmentation functions, ${H}_1^{\perp }$. We compare our results with previous formulations, provide numerical studies, confront our predictions with HERMES and COMPASS measurements, and present predictions for future experiments at Jefferson Lab and the Electron-Ion Collider.

deep inelastic scattering↗
DOE OSTI2020

Determination of the strong coupling constant $\alpha_{S}(m_\mathrm{Z})$ from measurements of inclusive W$^\pm$ and Z boson production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{\mathrm{s}} $ = 7 and 8 TeV

Twelve measurements of inclusive cross sections of W$^{±}$ and Z boson production, performed in proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV, are compared with perturbative quantum chromodynamics calculations at next-to-next- to-leading order (NNLO) accuracy obtained with the CT14, HERAPDF2.0, MMHT14, and NNPDF3.0 parton distribution functions (PDFs). Data and theory agree well for all PDF sets, taking into account the experimental and theoretical uncertainties. A novel procedure is employed to extract the strong coupling constant at the Z pole mass from a detailed comparison of all the experimental fiducial cross sections to the corresponding NNLO theoretical predictions, yielding $ {\alpha}_{\mathrm{S}}\left({m}_{\mathrm{Z}}\right)={0.1163}_{-0.0031}^{+0.0024} $ (CT14), $ {0.1072}_{-0.0040}^{+0.0043} $ (HERAPDF2.0), 0.1186 ± 0.0025 (MMHT14), and 0.1147 ± 0.0023 (NNPDF3.0). Using the results obtained with the CT14 and MMHT14 PDFs, which yield the most robust and stable α$_{S}$(m$_{Z}$) extractions, a value $ {\alpha}_{\mathrm{S}}\left({m}_{\mathrm{Z}}\right)={0.1175}_{-0.0028}^{+0.0025} $ is determined.[graphic not available: see fulltext]

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Search for medium effects using jet axis decorrelation in inclusive jets from PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{{s}_{\text{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV

The jet axis decorrelation in inclusive jets is studied using lead-lead (PbPb) collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV. The jet axis decorrelation is defined as the angular difference between two definitions of the jet axis. It is obtained by applying two recombination schemes on all the constituents of a given jet reconstructed by the anti-kT sequential algorithm with a distance parameter of R = 0.4. The data set, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0.66 nb −1 , was collected in 2018 with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. The jet axis decorrelations are examined across collision centrality selections and intervals of jet transverse momentum. A centrality dependent evolution of the measured distributions is observed, with a progressive narrowing seen in more central events. This narrowing could result from medium-induced modification of the internal jet structure or reflect color charge effects in energy loss. This new measurement probes jet substructure in previously unexplored kinematic domains and show great promise for providing new insights on the color charge dependence of energy loss to jet-quenching models.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Measurement of the inclusive and differential WZ production cross sections, polarization angles, and triple gauge couplings in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV

The associated production of a W and a Z boson is studied in final states with multiple leptons produced in proton-proton (pp) collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV using 137 fb$^{-1}$ of data collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. A measurement of the total inclusive production cross section yields σ$_{tot}$(pp → WZ) = 50.6 ± 0.8 (stat) ± 1.5 (syst) ± 1.1 (lumi) ± 0.5 (theo) pb. Measurements of the fiducial and differential cross sections for several key observables are also performed in all the final-state lepton flavour and charge compositions with a total of three charged leptons, which can be electrons or muons. All results are compared with theoretical predictions computed up to next-to-next-to-leading order in quantum chromodynamics plus next-to-leading or- der in electroweak theory and for various sets of parton distribution functions. The results include direct measurements of the charge asymmetry and the W and Z vector boson polarization. The first observation of longitudinally polarized W bosons in WZ production is reported. Anomalous gauge couplings are searched for, leading to new constraints on beyond-the-standard-model contributions to the WZ triple gauge coupling.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Combination of inclusive top-quark pair production cross-section measurements using ATLAS and CMS data at $ \sqrt{s} $ = 7 and 8 TeV

A combination of measurements of the inclusive top-quark pair production cross-section performed by ATLAS and CMS in proton–proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV at the LHC is presented. The cross-sections are obtained using top-quark pair decays with an opposite-charge electron–muon pair in the final state and with data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 5 fb$^{−1}$ at $ \sqrt{s} $ = 7 TeV and about 20 fb$^{−1}$ at $ \sqrt{s} $ = 8 TeV for each experiment. The combined cross-sections are determined to be 178.5 ± 4.7 pb at $ \sqrt{s} $ = 7 TeV and $ {243.3}_{-5.9}^{+6.0} $ pb at $ \sqrt{s} $ = 8 TeV with a correlation of 0.41, using a reference top-quark mass value of 172.5 GeV. The ratio of the combined cross-sections is determined to be R$_{8/7}$ = 1.363 ± 0.032. The combined measured cross-sections and their ratio agree well with theory calculations using several parton distribution function (PDF) sets. The values of the top-quark pole mass (with the strong coupling fixed at 0.118) and the strong coupling (with the top-quark pole mass fixed at 172.5 GeV) are extracted from the combined results by fitting a next-to-next-to-leading-order plus next-to-next-to-leading-log QCD prediction to the measurements. Using a version of the NNPDF3.1 PDF set containing no top-quark measurements, the results obtained are $ {m}_t^{\textrm{pole}}={173.4}_{-2.0}^{+1.8} $ GeV and $ {\alpha}_{\textrm{s}}\left({m}_Z\right)={0.1170}_{-0.0018}^{+0.0021} $.[graphic not available: see fulltext]

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Multiplicity-dependent inclusive J/ ψ production at forward rapidity in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV

This paper presents a study of the inclusive forward J/ψ yield as a function of forward charged-particle multiplicity in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV using data collected by the ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC. The results are presented in terms of relative J/ψ yields and relative charged-particle multiplicities with respect to these quantities obtained in inelastic collisions having at least one charged particle in the pseudorapidity range |η| < 1. The J/ψ mesons are reconstructed via their decay into μ + μ − pairs in the forward rapidity region (2.5 < y < 4). The relative multiplicity is estimated in the forward pseudorapidity range which overlaps with the J/ψ rapidity region. The results show a steeper-than-linear increase of the J/ψ yields versus the multiplicity. They are compared with previous measurements and theoretical model calculations.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Inclusive and multiplicity dependent production of electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays in pp and p-Pb collisions

Measurements of the production of electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV at midrapidity with the ALICE detector are presented down to a transverse momentum (p T ) of 0.2 GeV/c and up to p T = 35 GeV/c, which is the largest momentum range probed for inclusive electron measurements in ALICE. In p-Pb collisions, the production cross section and the nuclear modification factor of electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays are measured in the p T range 0.5 < p T < 26 GeV/c at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$= 8.16 TeV. The nuclear modification factor is found to be consistent with unity within the statistical and systematic uncertainties. In both collision systems, first measurements of the yields of electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays in different multiplicity intervals normalised to the multiplicity-integrated yield (self-normalised yield) at midrapidity are reported as a function of the self-normalised charged-particle multiplicity estimated at midrapidity. The self-normalised yields in pp and p-Pb collisions grow faster than linear with the self-normalised multiplicity. A strong p T dependence is observed in pp collisions, where the yield of high-p T electrons increases faster as a function of multiplicity than the one of low-p T electrons. The measurement in p-Pb collisions shows no p T dependence within uncertainties. The self-normalised yields in pp and p-Pb collisions are compared with measurements of other heavy-flavour, light-flavour, and strange particles, and with Monte Carlo simulations.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Back-to-back inclusive dijets in DIS at small x: gluon Weizsäcker-Williams distribution at NLO

In [1], we performed the first complete computation of the back-to-back inclusive dijet cross-section in Deeply Inelastic Scattering (DIS) at small x Bj to next-to-leading order (NLO) in the Color Glass Condensate effective field theory (CGC EFT). We demonstrate here that for dijets with relative transverse momentum P ⊥ and transverse momentum imbalance q ⊥ , to leading power in q ⊥ /P ⊥ , the cross-section for longitudinally polarized photons can be fully factorized into the product of a perturbative impact factor and the non-perturbative Weizsäcker-Williams (WW) transverse momentum dependent (TMD) gluon distribution to NLO accuracy. The impact factor can further be expressed as the product of a universal soft factor which resums Sudakov double and single logs in P ⊥ /q ⊥ and a coefficient function given by a remarkably compact analytic expression. We show that in the CGC EFT the WW TMD satisfies a kinematically constrained JIMWLK renormalization group evolution in rapidity. This factorization formula is valid to all orders in Q s /q ⊥ for q ⊥ , Q s << P ⊥ , where Q s is the semi-hard saturation scale that grows with rapidity.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Measurements of inclusive and differential cross-sections of combined $ t\overline{t}\gamma$ and tWγ production in the eμ channel at 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Inclusive and differential cross-sections for the production of top quarks in association with a photon are measured with proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb - 1 . The data were collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC during Run 2 between 2015 and 2018 at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The measurements are performed in a fiducial volume defined at parton level. Events with exactly one photon, one electron and one muon of opposite sign, and at least two jets, of which at least one is b -tagged, are selected. The fiducial cross-section is measured to be $ {39.6}_{-2.3}^{+2.7} $ fb. Differential cross-sections as functions of several observables are compared with state-of-the-art Monte Carlo simulations and next-to-leading-order theoretical calculations. These include cross-sections as functions of photon kinematic variables, angular variables related to the photon and the leptons, and angular separations between the two leptons in the event. All measurements are in agreement with the predictions from the Standard Model.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Measurements of inclusive and differential cross-sections of $t\overline{t}\gamma$ production in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Inclusive and differential cross-sections are measured at particle level for the associated production of a top quark pair and a photon ($t\overline{t}\gamma$). The analysis is performed using an integrated luminosity of 140 fb -1 of proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector. The measurements are performed in the single-lepton and dilepton top quark pair decay channels focusing on ($t\overline{t}\gamma$) topologies where the photon is radiated from an initial-state parton or one of the top quarks. The absolute and normalised differential cross-sections are measured for several variables characterising the photon, lepton and jet kinematics as well as the angular separation between those objects. The observables are found to be in good agreement with the Monte Carlo predictions. The photon transverse momentum differential distribution is used to set limits on effective field theory parameters related to the electroweak dipole moments of the top quark. The combined limits using the photon and the Z boson transverse momentum measured in $t\overline{t}$ production in associations with a Z boson are also set.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Back-to-back inclusive dijets in DIS at small x : Sudakov suppression and gluon saturation at NLO

Back-to-back dijet cross-sections in deeply inelastic scattering (DIS) at small xBj are suppressed by many-body multiple scattering and screening effects arising from gluon saturation at high parton densities. They are similarly sensitive in these kinematics to large Sudakov logarithms from soft gluon radiation. Uncovering novel physics in this DIS channel therefore requires understanding the interplay of the two phenomena. In this work, we compute the small $x_\text{Bj}$ inclusive dijet DIS cross-section in back-to-back kinematics at next-to-leading order (NLO) in the Color Glass Condensate effective field theory (CGC EFT). Our result includes, for the first time, all real and virtual NLO contributions to the impact factor. These include all Sudakov double and single logarithm contributions, as well as all other finite $\mathcal{O}(α_s)$ terms that contribute at this order. We demonstrate explicitly that resummations of small x and Sudakov logarithms can be performed simultaneously in the CGC EFT. This requires that the JIMWLK kernel for small x evolution of the Weizsäcker-Williams (WW) gluon distribution satisfies a kinematic constraint imposed by lifetime ordering of successive gluon emissions; the corresponding modifications to the kernel, corresponding to resummations of large double transverse logarithms, are precisely of the type required to stabilize JIMWLK evolution beyond leading logarithmicaccuracy. We compute the azimuthal harmonics of the NLO back-to-back distributions and show their sensitivity to both the unpolarized and linearly polarized WW gluon distributions. Finally, we discuss how TMD factorization is broken by an emergent saturation scale at small $x$.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Inclusive search for highly boosted Higgs bosons decaying to bottom quark-antiquark pairs in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV

A search for standard model Higgs bosons (H) produced with transverse momentum (p$_{T}$) greater than 450 GeV and decaying to bottom quark-antiquark pairs ($ \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}} $) is performed using proton-proton collision data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at $ \sqrt{s} $ = 13 TeV. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb$^{−1}$. The search is inclusive in the Higgs boson production mode. Highly Lorentz-boosted Higgs bosons decaying to $ \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}} $ are reconstructed as single large-radius jets, and are identified using jet substructure and a dedicated b tagging technique based on a deep neural network. The method is validated with Z →$ \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}} $ decays. For a Higgs boson mass of 125 GeV, an excess of events above the background assuming no Higgs boson production is observed with a local significance of 2.5 standard deviations (σ), while the expectation is 0.7. The corresponding signal strength and local significance with respect to the standard model expectation are μ$_{H}$ = 3.7 ± 1.2(stat)$ {}_{-0.7}^{+0.8} $(syst)$ {}_{-0.5}^{+0.8} $(theo) and 1.9 σ. Additionally, an unfolded differential cross section as a function of Higgs boson p$_{T}$ for the gluon fusion production mode is presented, assuming the other production modes occur at the expected rates.[graphic not available: see fulltext]

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Measurement of the inclusive and differential $t\overline{t}γ$ cross sections in the single-lepton channel and EFT interpretation at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV

The production cross section of a top quark pair in association with a photon is measured in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The data set, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb -1 , was recorded by the CMS experiment during the 2016–2018 data taking of the LHC. The measurements are performed in a fiducial volume defined at the particle level. Events with an isolated, highly energetic lepton, at least three jets from the hadronization of quarks, among which at least one is b tagged, and one isolated photon are selected. The inclusive fiducial $t\overline{t}γ$ cross section, for a photon with transverse momentum greater than 20 GeV and pseudorapidity |η| < 1.4442, is measured to be 798 ± 7(stat) ± 48(syst) fb, in good agreement with the prediction from the standard model at next-to-leading order in quantum chromodynamics. The differential cross sections are also measured as a function of several kinematic observables and interpreted in the framework of the standard model effective field theory (EFT), leading to the most stringent direct limits to date on anomalous electromagnetic dipole moment interactions of the top quark and the photon.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Parametric reduced-order modeling for component-oriented treatment and localized nonlinear feature inclusion

Abstract We propose coupling a physics-based reduction framework with a suited response decomposition technique to derive a component-oriented reduction (COR) approach, which is suitable for assembly systems featuring localized nonlinearities. Dependencies on influencing parameters are injected into the reduced-order model (ROM), thus ensuring robustness and validity over a domain of parametric inputs, while capturing nonlinear effects. The implemented approach employs individual component modes to capture localized features while additionally relying on reduced modes of a global nature to approximate the system’s dynamics accurately. The global modes are derived from a linear monolithic system, defined as a result of a coordinate separation scheme, which permits the proposed COR-ROM to naturally couple the response between linear and nonlinear subdomains. The derived low-order representation utilizes a proper orthogonal decomposition projection and is additionally reinforced with the inclusion of a hyper-reduction technique to capture the underlying high-fidelity model response while providing accelerated computations. The resulting approach is exemplified in the synthetic case studies of a four-story shear frame with multiple nonlinear regions driven by hysteresis and a large-scale kingpin connection featuring plasticity.

Vlachas, Konstantinos (ORCID:000000029124219X)↗
DOE OSTI2021

Optimizing $\mathrm{ACRT}$ to reduce inclusion formation during the $\mathrm{VGF}$ growth of cadmium zinc telluride: I. Computational approach

Theoretical computations reveal insight into parameters that govern the accelerated crucible rotation technique (ACRT) applied to the gradient freeze (VGF) growth of cadmium zinc telluride (CZT). A metric based on the classic Mullins and Sekerka instability criterion is put forth that provides a quantitative means of assessing the impact of different ACRT rotation schedules on morphological stability and inclusion formation during CZT growth. Here this metric is employed in a 2-k factorial design of experiments that identifies the maximum rotation rate as the most important ACRT parameter, followed by the acceleration period and the rest period. Subsequent optimization of rotation schedule is performed for a specific VGF growth system, and mechanistic explanations are provided for the preferred ACRT schedule, which improves interface stability via slower rotation rates and longer acceleration periods than would be applied using classical ACRT schedules.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗