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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 163 records · Page 9
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2016

Investigation of ion beam space charge compensation with a 4-grid analyzer

Experiments to investigate the space charge compensation of pulsed high-current heavy ion beams are performed at the GSI ion source text benches with a 4-grid analyzer provided by CEA/Saclay. The technical design of the 4-grid analyzer is revised to verify its functionality for measurements at pulsed high-current heavy ion beams. The experimental investigation of space charge compensation processes is needed to increase the performance and quality of current and future accelerator facilities. Measurements are performed directly downstream a triode extraction system mounted to a multi-cusp ion source at a high-current test bench as well as downstream the post-acceleration system of the high-current test injector (HOSTI) with ion energies up to 120 keV/u for helium and argon. At HOSTI, a cold or hot reflex discharge ion source is used to change the conditions for the measurements. The measurements were performed with helium, argon, and xenon and are presented. Results from measurements with single aperture extraction systems are shown.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2016

Nuclear spectroscopy with Geant4: Proton and neutron emission & radioactivity

With the aid of a novel combination of existing equipment – JYFLTRAP and the TASISpec decay station – it is possible to perform very clean quantum-state selective, high-resolution particle-γ decay spectroscopy. We intend to study the determination of the branching ratio of the ℓ = 9 proton emission from the I{sup π} = 19/2{sup −}, 3174-keV isomer in the N = Z − 1 nucleus {sup 53}Co. The study aims to initiate a series of similar experiments along the proton dripline, thereby providing unique insights into “open quantum systems”. The technique has been pioneered in case studies using SHIPTRAP and TASISpec at GSI. Newly available radioactive decay modes in Geant4 simulations are going to corroborate the anticipated experimental results.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2018

Intense, directed neutron beams from a laser-driven neutron source at PHELIX

Laser-driven neutrons are generated by the conversion of laser-accelerated ions via nuclear reactions inside a converter material. Here, we present results from an experimental campaign at the PHELIX laser at GSI in Darmstadt where protons and deuterons were accelerated from thin deuterated plastic foils with thicknesses in the μm and sub-μm range. The neutrons were generated inside a sandwich-type beryllium converter, leading to reproducible neutron numbers around 10 11 neutrons per shot. The angular distribution was measured with a high level of detail using up to 30 bubble detectors simultaneously. It shows a laser forward directed component of up to 1.42 × 10 10 neutrons per steradian, corresponding to a dose of 43 mrem scaled to a distance of 1 m from the converter.

07 ISOTOPE AND RADIATION SOURCES↗
DOE OSTI2015

Negative pressure and spallation in graphite targets under nano- and picosecond laser irradiation

We present the results of experiments on the spallation phenomena in graphite targets under shock-wave nano- and picosecond irradiation, which have been performed on Kamerton-T (GPI, Moscow, Russia) and PHELIX (GSI, Darmstadt, Germany) laser facilities. In the range of the strain rates of 10{sup 6} – 10{sup 7} s{sup -1}, the data on the dynamic mechanical strength of the material at rapure (spallation) have been for the first time obtained. With a maximal strain rate of 1.4 × 10{sup 7} s{sup -1}, the spall strength of 2.1 GPa is obtained, which constitutes 64% of the theoretical ultimate tensile strength of graphite. The effect of spallation is observed not only on the rear side of the target, but also on its irradiated (front) surface. With the use of optical and scanning electron microscopes, the morphology of the front and rear surfaces of the targets is studied. By means of Raman scattering of light, the graphite structure both on the target front surface under laser exposure and on its rear side in the spall zone is investigated. A comparison of the dynamic strength of graphite and synthetic diamond is performed. (extreme light fields and their applications)

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2012

Using Xrootd to federate regional storage

While the LHC data movement systems have demonstrated the ability to move data at the necessary throughput, we have identified two weaknesses: the latency for physicists to access data and the complexity of the tools involved. To address these, both ATLAS and CMS have begun to federate regional storage systems using Xrootd. Xrootd, referring to a protocol and implementation, allows us to provide data access to all disk-resident data from a single virtual endpoint. This redirector discovers the actual location of the data and redirects the client to the appropriate site. The approach is particularly advantageous since typically the redirection requires much less than 500 milliseconds and the Xrootd client is conveniently built into LHC physicists analysis tools. Currently, there are three regional storage federations - a US ATLAS region, a European CMS region, and a US CMS region. The US ATLAS and US CMS regions include their respective Tier 1, Tier 2 and some Tier 3 facilities, a large percentage of experimental data is available via the federation. Additionally, US ATLAS has begun studying low-latency regional federations of close-by sites. From the base idea of federating storage behind an endpoint, the implementations and use cases diverge. The CMS software framework is capable of efficiently processing data over high-latency links, so using the remote site directly is comparable to accessing local data. The ATLAS processing model allows a broad spectrum of user applications with varying degrees of performance with regard to latency, a particular focus has been optimizing n-tuple analysis. Both VOs use GSI security. ATLAS has developed a mapping of VOMS roles to specific file system authorizations, while CMS has developed callouts to the site's mapping service. Each federation presents a global namespace to users. For ATLAS, the global-to-local mapping is based on a heuristic-based lookup from the site's local file catalog, while CMS does the mapping based on translations given in a configuration file. We will also cover the latest usage statistics and interesting use cases that have developed over the previous 18 months.

Bauerdick, L.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Self-consistent PIC simulations of ultimate space charge compensation with electron lenses

Further progress of fundamental particle physics requires high intensity and high brightness of accelerated proton and ion beams. This goal is essential for the FAIR hadron beams at GSI, for the neutrino production at the facilities such as Fermilab and JPARC, and for the Large Hadron Collider luminosity at CERN. One of the most formidable obstacles toward that goal is the beam's own space charge, whose forces cause beam emittance growth, losses and lifetime degradation. Typically, such effects become intolerable when the space charge tune-shift parameter Δ QSC exceeds ~ - (0.25–0.5). To reduce these detrimental effects, it was suggested to use electron lenses to compensate the space charge forces. Furthermore, this paper reports on detailed particle-in-cell space charge and electron lens compensation simulations for extremely intense proton bunches whose space charge tune-shift parameter exceeds -1.0. Different scenarios were evaluated based on reduction in the emittance growth and particle loss at a 4σ aperture. Further, we investigate phenomena and issues related to the focusing lattice errors, importance of the transverse and longitudinal matching of the electron beam profiles to the proton ones, and vary the strength and the number of the electron lenses distributed around a circular machine to optimize the reduction of harmful space charge effects.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2021

The cross-section measurement for the 3 H($e, e'K^+)nnΛ$ reaction

The small binding energy of the hypertriton leads to predictions of the non-existence of bound hypernuclei for isotriplet three-body systems such as nnΛ. However, invariant mass spectroscopy at GSI has reported events that may be interpreted as the bound nnΛ state. The nnΛ state was sought by missing-mass spectroscopy via the (e, e'K + ) reaction at Jefferson Lab’s experimental Hall A. The present experiment has higher sensitivity to the nnΛ-state investigation in terms of better precision by a factor of about three. The analysis shown in this article focuses on the derivation of the reaction cross-section for the 3 H(γ*, K + )X reaction. Events that were detected in an acceptance, where a Monte Carlo simulation could reproduce the data well (|δp/p| < 4%), were analyzed to minimize the systematic uncertainty. No significant structures were observed with the acceptance cuts, and the upper limits of the production cross-section of the nnΛ state were obtained to be 21 and $31 nbsr -1 at the 90% confidence level when theoretical predictions of (-B Λ , Γ) = (0.25, 0.8) MeV and (0.55, 4.7) MeV, respectively, were assumed. The cross-section result provides valuable information for examining the existence of nnΛ.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Symmetric eikonal model for projectile-electron excitation and loss in relativistic ion-atom collisions

At impact energies > or approx. 1 GeV/u the projectile-electron excitation and loss occurring in collisions between highly charged ions and neutral atoms is already strongly influenced by the presence of atomic electrons. To treat these processes in collisions with heavy atoms we generalize the symmetric eikonal model, used earlier for considerations of electron transitions in ion-atom collisions within the scope of a three-body Coulomb problem. We show that at asymptotically high collision energies this model leads to an exact transition amplitude and is very well suited to describe the projectile-electron excitation and loss at energies above a few GeV/u. In particular, by considering a number of examples we demonstrate advantages of this model over the first Born approximation at impact energies of {approx}1-30 GeV/u, which are of special interest for atomic physics experiments at the future GSI facilities.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Isotope-shift measurements of stable and short-lived lithium isotopes for nuclear-charge-radii determination

Changes in the mean square nuclear charge radii along the lithium isotopic chain were determined using a combination of precise isotope shift measurements and theoretical atomic structure calculations. Nuclear charge radii of light elements are of high interest due to the appearance of the nuclear halo phenomenon in this region of the nuclear chart. During the past years we have developed a laser spectroscopic approach to determine the charge radii of lithium isotopes which combines high sensitivity, speed, and accuracy to measure the extremely small field shift of an 8-ms-lifetime isotope with production rates on the order of only 10 000 atoms/s. The method was applied to all bound isotopes of lithium including the two-neutron halo isotope {sup 11}Li at the on-line isotope separators at GSI, Darmstadt, Germany, and at TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada. We describe the laser spectroscopic method in detail, present updated and improved values from theory and experiment, and discuss the results.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Absolute frequencies of the {sup 6,7}Li 2S {sup 2}S{sub 1/2}{yields}3S {sup 2}S{sub 1/2} transitions

The measurement of the absolute frequencies of the 2S{yields}3S of atomic lithium is reported. To reduce systematic effects, we employed a frequency-comb-stabilized excitation laser, a weakly collimated atomic beam, and the cascading 2P{yields}2S 670 nm fluorescence as the signal. The transition frequencies, including two isotopes ({sup 6,7}Li), were measured to an accuracy of < 330 kHz. In comparison with the previous GSI Group experiment, the frequency of the 2S{sub 1/2}{yields}3S{sub 1/2} transition of {sup 7}Li is 815 618 181.45(9) MHz, which is improved by a factor of 2. The resultant hyperfine constants of the 3S state and the deduced difference of the nuclear charge radii {delta} from the isotope shift are in good agreement with previous results. Since a more straightforward methodology is adopted, our measurement is less model dependent and serves as an independent investigation of the reported transitions.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Inverse modeling of circular lattices via orbit response measurements in the presence of degeneracy

The number and location of beam position monitors (BPMs) and steerers with respect to the quadrupoles in a circular lattice can lead to degeneracy in the context of fitting linear optics and extracting lattice information from measured closed orbits. Furthermore, the measurement uncertainties due to the imperfection of BPMs and steerers can be propagated by the fitting process in ways that prohibit the successful extraction of discrepancies between lattice elements in the real machine and their description in the corresponding model. We systematically studied the influence of the placement of BPMs and steerers on the reconstruction of linear optics and corresponding lattice information. The derivative of orbit response coefficients with respect to the quadrupole strengths, the Jacobian, is derived as an analytical formula. This analytical version of the Jacobian is used to further derive the theoretical limitations of fitting linear optics from closed orbits in terms of the placement of BPMs and steerers. It is further demonstrated that when evaluating the Jacobian during the fitting procedure, the analytical version can be used in place of the conventional finite-difference computation. This allows for greatly improved efficiency when computing the Jacobian during each iteration of the fitting procedure. The approach is tested with large-scale simulations and the findings are verified by measurement data taken on SIS18 synchrotron at GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research. The presented methods are of general nature and can be applied to other accelerator lattices as well. The fitting procedure by using the analytical Jacobian is tested in conjunction with various methods for mitigating quasidegeneracy and the results agree with those obtained by using the conventional Jacobian via finite-difference approximation.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2020

Search for elements 119 and 120

In this work, a search for production of the superheavy elements with atomic numbers 119 and 120 was performed in the 50 Ti + 249 Bk and 50 Ti + 249 Cf fusion-evaporation reactions, respectively, at the gas-filled recoil separator TASCA at GSI Darmstadt, Germany. Over four months of irradiation, the 249 Bk target partially decayed into 249 Cf, which allowed for a simultaneous search for both elements. Neither was detected at cross-section sensitivity levels of 65 and 200 fb for the 50 Ti + 249 Bk and 50 Ti + 249 Cf reactions, respectively, at a midtarget beam energy of E lab = 281.5 MeV. The nonobservation of elements 119 and 120 is discussed within the concept of fusion-evaporation reactions including various theoretical predictions on the fission-barrier heights of superheavy nuclei in the region of the island of stability.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
DOE OSTI2021

First direct observation of isomeric decay in neutron-rich odd-odd Ta186

Deexcitation γ rays associated with an isomeric state of 186 Ta were investigated. The isomers were produced in multinucleon transfer reactions between a 136 Xe beam and a natural W target and were collected and separated by the KEK Isotope Separation System. Two γ transitions with energies of 161.1(2) and 186.8(1) keV associated with an isomeric decay were observed for the first time. The half-life of the isomeric state of the neutral atom 186m Ta was deduced as 17(2) s. Based on the comparison with the previous measurements of the isomeric state using the Experimental Storage Ring at GSI Darmstadt and the coupling of angular momenta of individual particle orbitals in odd-odd nuclei, a decay scheme of 186m Ta was proposed.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2010

One-neutron knockout from light neutron-rich nuclei at relativistic energies

One-neutron knockout reactions from neutron-rich nuclei, with Z=6-13 and N=8-22, were studied at the Fragment Separator (GSI) at high beam energies, around 700 MeV/nucleon. Structural phenomena such as the formation of one-neutron halos in odd-mass carbon isotopes ({sup 15,17,19}C) will be discussed. In addition, one-neutron knockout measurements from {sup 22}N were carried out for the first time and demonstrate clearly the change from a 0d{sub 5/2} to a 1s{sub 1/2} orbital for the valence neutron, an effect that is expected above N=14 and that was also observed in {sup 23}O and {sup 24}F. The possibility of an anomalous structure of {sup 26}F, due to a significant 1s{sub 1/2} neutron admixture, will also be discussed in the light of the experimental data obtained in this work. Finally, the ground-state configuration of neutron-rich neon isotopes ({sup 24-28}Ne) was studied, providing new information in a region that is relatively close to the island of inversion.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Production of new neutron-rich isotopes of heavy elements in fragmentation reactions of {sup 238}U projectiles at 1A GeV

The production of heavy neutron-rich nuclei has been investigated using cold-fragmentation reactions of {sup 238}U projectiles at relativistic energies. The experiment performed at the high-resolving-power magnetic spectrometer Fragment Separator at GSI made it possible to identify 40 new heavy neutron-rich nuclei: {sup 205}Pt, {sup 207-210}Au, {sup 211-216}Hg, {sup 214-217}Tl, {sup 215-220}Pb, {sup 219-224}Bi, {sup 223-227}Po, {sup 225-229}At, {sup 230,231}Rn, and {sup 233}Fr. The production cross sections of these nuclei were also determined and used to benchmark reaction codes that predict the production of nuclei far from stability.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2010

J/{psi} and {eta}{sub c} masses in isospin asymmetric hot nuclear matter: A QCD sum rule approach

We study the in-medium masses of the charmonium states J/{psi} and {eta}{sub c} in the nuclear medium using the QCD sum rule approach. These mass modifications arise owing to modifications of the scalar and the twist-2 gluon condensates in the hot hadronic matter. The scalar gluon condensate <({alpha}{sub s}/{pi})G{sub {mu}{nu}}{sup a}G{sup a{mu}{nu}>} and the twist-2 tensorial gluon operator <({alpha}{sub s}/{pi})G{sub {mu}{sigma}}{sup a}G{sup a}{sub {nu}}{sup {sigma}>} in the nuclear medium are calculated from the medium modification of a scalar dilaton field introduced to incorporate trace anomalies of QCD within the chiral SU(3) model used in the present investigation. The effects of isospin asymmetry, density, and temperature of the nuclear medium on the in-medium masses of the lowest charmonium states J/{psi} and {eta}{sub c} mesons are investigated in the present work. The results of the present investigation are compared with the existing results on the masses of these states. The medium modifications of the masses of these charmonium states (J/{psi} and {eta}{sub c}) seem to be appreciable at high densities and should modify the experimental observables arising from the compressed baryonic matter produced in asymmetric heavy-ion collision experiments at the future facility of Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research, GSI.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Observation of a new high-spin isomer in {sup 94}Pd

A second {gamma}-decaying high-spin isomeric state, with a half-life of 197(22)ns, has been identified in the N=Z+2 nuclide {sup 94}Pd as part of a stopped-beam Rare Isotope Spectroscopic INvestigation at GSI (RISING) experiment. Weisskopf estimates were used to establish a tentative spin/parity of 19{sup -}, corresponding to the maximum possible spin of a negative parity state in the restricted (p{sub 1/2}, g{sub 9/2}) model space of empirical shell model calculations. The reproduction of the E3 decay properties of the isomer required an extension of the model space to include the f{sub 5/2} and p{sub 3/2} orbitals using the CD-Bonn potential. This is the first time that such an extension has been required for a high-spin isomer in the vicinity of {sup 100}Sn and reveals the importance of such orbits for understanding the decay properties of high-spin isomers in this region. However, despite the need for the extended model space for the E3 decay, the dominant configuration for the 19{sup -} state remains ({pi}p{sub 1/2}{sup -1}g{sub 9/2}{sup -3}){sub 11} x ({nu}g{sub 9/2}{sup -2}){sub 8}. The half-life of the known, 14{sup +}, isomer was remeasured and yielded a value of 499(13) ns.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Matter radii of {sup 32-35}Mg

The interaction cross sections of {sup 32-35}Mg at 900A MeV have been measured using the fragment separator at GSI. The deviation from the r{sub 0}A{sup 1/3} trend is slightly larger for {sup 35}Mg, signaling the possible formation of a longer tail in the neutron distribution for {sup 35}Mg. The radii extracted from a Glauber model analysis with Fermi densities are consistent with models predicting the development of neutron skins.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗