The new technological era - A view from the law
Legal implications in technological advances
Green, H. P.↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Studies of the surface of Mars /very early in the era of spacecraft reconnaissance/
Mars surface, environment and electrical, thermal and mechanical properties
Pollack, J. B.↗
Space station and space shuttle - An era of new opportunities in space
Space station, shuttle and tug as post-Apollo space program, discussing objective, designs and systems analysis
Culbertson, P. E.↗
Space science plans for the shuttle era.
Review of the current thinking on the space science, exploration, and application plans and policies that are to take advantage of the widened capabilities to be provided by the shuttle and the sortie mode of the shuttle. Present planning activities and plans for the next year are discussed.
Naugle, J. E.↗
Space science plans for the shuttle era.
Three separate and distinct modes of using the space shuttle system have been identified. These modes include the boost of a spacecraft plus one or more propulsion stages into earth orbit or parking orbit, the establishment and maintenance of automated observatories in space, and the support of exploratory research and instrument development. Studies show that approximately 60% of all planned NASA missions require a shuttle third stage. Illustrations are presented to show how the largest spacecraft, Viking, and its propulsion system, Centaur, and a communications satellite, with an Agena stage to place it into a geostationary orbit, would fit into the shuttle. Results of the NASA Shuttle Sortie Workshop studies are discussed together with prospects of European cooperation in future workshop experiments.
Naugle, J. E.↗
Space processing payloads for the Space Shuttle era
This paper discusses the definition of facilities which will serve the research needs of a large group of users. These facilities (payloads) are derived by several combinations of items from a large inventory of modular, reusable research equipment, enabling us to respond to many flight opportunities. Workable concepts have been laid out and inputted into the Spacelab design activity. These designs permit the flying of either partial or dedicated payloads. Also addressed in this paper are the technical integrity of the modular approach to payload design and integration, and the utility of commercial equipment technology.
Taylor, K. R.↗
Conceptual engineering design studies of 1985-era commercial VTOL and STOL transports that utilize rotors
Conceptual design studies are summarized of tandem-rotor helicopter and tilt-rotor aircraft for a short haul transport mission in the 1985 time frame. Vertical takeoff designs of both configurations are discussed, and the impact of external noise criteria on the vehicle designs, performance, and costs are shown. A STOL design for the tilt-rotor configuration is reported, and the effect of removing the vertical takeoff design constraints on the design parameters, fuel economy, and operating cost is discussed.
Magee, J. P.↗
TERSSE: Definition of the Total Earth Resources System for the Shuttle Era. Volume 2: An Assessment of the Current State-of-the-Art
Results of a state-of-the-art assessment of technology areas which affect the Earth Resources Program are presented along with a functional description of the basic earth resources system. Major areas discussed include: spacecraft flight hardware, remote sensors, data processing techniques and hardware, user models, user interfaces, and operations technology.
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TERSSE: Definition of the Total Earth Resources System for the Shuttle Era. Volume 3: Mission and System Requirements for the Total Earth Resources System
Resource management missions to be performed by TERSSE are described. Mission and user requirements are defined along with information flows developed for each major resource management mission. Other topics discussed include: remote sensing platforms, remote sensor requirements, ground system architecture, and such related issues as cloud cover, resolution, orbit mechanics, and aircraft versus satellite.
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TERSSE: Definition of the Total Earth Resources System for the Shuttle Era. Volume 4: The Role of the Shuttle in the Earth Resources Program
The potential of the space shuttle as a platform for captive earth resources payloads in the sortie mode, and as a launch and services vehicle for automated earth resources spacecraft is examined. The capabilities of the total space transportation system which are pertinent to earth resources sorties and automated spacecraft are included.
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TERSSE: Definition of the Total Earth Resources System for the Shuttle Era. Volume 5: Detailed system requirements: Two case studies
Major resource management missions to be performed by the TERSSE are examined in order to develop an understanding of the form and function of a system designed to perform an operational mission. Factors discussed include: resource manager (user) functions, methods of performing their function, the information flows and information requirements embodied in their function, and the characteristics of the observation system which assists in the management of the resource involved. The missions selected for study are: world crop survey and land resources management. These missions are found to represent opposite ends of the TERSSE spectrum and to support the conclusion that different missions require different systems and must be analyzed in detail to permit proper system development decisions.
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TERSSE: Definition of the Total Earth Resources System for the Shuttle Era. Volume 7: User Models: A System Assessment
User models defined as any explicit process or procedure used to transform information extracted from remotely sensed data into a form useful as a resource management information input are discussed. The role of the user models as information, technological, and operations interfaces between the TERSSE and the resource managers is emphasized. It is recommended that guidelines and management strategies be developed for a systems approach to user model development.
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Sensor development in the Shuttle era
The use of the Space Shuttle in the development of earth observation sensors is examined. Two sensor classes are selected for case histories: infrared temperature sounders and microwave radiometers. The most significant finding in each of the developmental studies of these two sensor classes is considered to be the feasibility and value of using the Shuttle/Spacelab as a test vehicle for the operation in space of a versatile multimode experimental sensor. The Shuttle Electrically Scanned Microwave Radiometer and the Shuttle Infrared Interferometer are found to be the most effective instruments in this context. The Shuttle/Spacelab Sortie mission characteristics provide opportunities for new approaches to the development of sensors, using the Shuttle as a test vehicle to improve the efficiency of the process with respect to time, cost, and/or quality of the final product. As for crew functions, the short-term Spacelab mission requires some near real-time evaluation of data quality and sensor function in order to insure efficient data collection.
Gerding, R. B.↗
Improved planetary orbit mission capabilities in the Shuttle era by use of space-storable propulsion systems
Planetary-orbit mission capabilities will be greatly improved by the advent of space-storable retropropulsion systems with liquid fluorine and hydrazine as bipropellants even when the Shuttle/Tug is used as launch vehicle. Having a specific impulse as large as 375 sec, a multimission propulsion module using space-storable propellants with Pioneer or Mariner spacecraft as payload can perform Mercury, Saturn, and Uranus orbiter missions, and even some comet rendezvous missions, more cost effectively and flexibly than one using earth-storable propellants. It also can reduce trip time to the outer planets significantly. This paper presents mission requirements, technology status, system design and performance, development schedules, and costs based on data derived in a recent design and feasibility study.
Meissinger, H. F.↗
A preliminary discussion of gravitational physics experiments for the Spacelab era
An overview of past, present, and proposed future experiments in gravitational physics is given. These experiments are concerned with the measurement of relativistic gravity effects to test theories of gravitation. Certain experiments which could be performed on shuttle and Spacelab missions and the potential of Spacelab for gravitation physics research are discussed.
Decher, R.↗
TERSSE. Definition of the total earth resources system for the shuttle era. Volume 9: Earth resources shuttle applications
The use of the space shuttle for the Earth Resources Program is discussed. Several problems with respect to payload selection, integration, and mission planning were studied. Each of four shuttle roles in the sortie mode were examined and projected into an integrated shuttle program. Several representative Earth Resources missions were designed which would use the shuttle sortie as a platform and collectively include the four shuttle roles. An integrated flight program based on these missions was then developed for the first two years of shuttle flights. A set of broad implications concerning the uses of the shuttle for Earth Resources studies resulted.
Alverado, U.↗
Spaceflight tracking and data network support in the space tug era
This paper describes the Spaceflight Tracking and Data Network (STDN) which will be used to provide command, telemetry and tracking support to the Space Tug in the 1980's. A description of the mission support capabilities of the two major elements of the STDN - the ground based sites (GSTDN) and the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) - is provided. This paper also contains a summary description of the mission/STDN RF and Data Handling interface.
Stelter, L. R.↗
Planetary missions in the Shuttle era
A conservative fifteen-year plan for planetary exploration is presented in which the Space Shuttle is considered as just a basic transportation system that should be quite economical and have excellent reliability. It is noted that these planned missions are limited by the out-of-orbit escape capability of the Shuttle's Interim Upper Stage (IUS), rather than by the orbital payload capability of the Shuttle itself. A mission model is provided in which a rather even balance is maintained among missions to the inner planets, the outer planets, the comets and asteroids, and interplanetary missions out of the ecliptic plane; the cost estimate for this model is plotted. Launch requirements for the various missions are compared with the performance available from various IUS candidates under evaluation, and it is shown that even the lower-performance candidates can be brought up to the capability of the current Titan IIIE/Centaur/TE-364 expendable launch vehicle, which is adequate for most of the missions in the program. Missions which require higher-performance IUS options are noted, including the Mariner Jupiter and Saturn Orbiters.
Kraemer, R. S.↗