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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 163 records · Page 9
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2012

Laboratories for the 21st Century Best Practices: Energy Recovery in Laboratory Facilities

Laboratories typically require 100% outside air for ventilation at higher rates than other commercial buildings. Minimum ventilation is typically provided at air change per hour (ACH) rates in accordance with codes and adopted design standards including Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Standard 1910.1450 (4 to 12 ACH – non-mandatory) or the 2011 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Applications Handbook, Chapter 16 – Laboratories (6 to 12 ACH). While OSHA states this minimum ventilation rate “should not be relied on for protection from toxic substances released into the laboratory” it specifically indicates that it is intended to “provide a source of air for breathing and for input to local ventilation devices (e.g., chemical fume hoods or exhausted bio-safety cabinets), to ensure that laboratory air is continually replaced preventing the increase of air concentrations of toxic substances during the working day, direct air flow into the laboratory from non-laboratory areas and out to the exterior of the building.” The heating and cooling energy needed to condition and move this outside air can be 5 to 10 times greater than the amount of energy used in most office buildings. In addition, when the required ventilation rate exceeds the airflow needed to meet the cooling load in low-load laboratories, additional heating energy may be expended to reheat dehumidified supply air from the supply air condition to prevent over cooling. In addition to these low-load laboratories, reheat may also be required in adjacent spaces such as corridors that pro-vide makeup air to replace air being pulled into negative-pressure laboratories.

Laboratories, Best Practices, Energy, Facilities↗
DOE OSTI2026

Working Fluid Characterization and Performance Assessment of Subcritical Organic Rankine Cycles Based on the Lee–Kesler Approach for Energy Recovery

Here, a generalized model using the Lee–Kesler approach based on the corresponding states principle is developed to assess the performance of subcritical Organic Rankine Cycles operating with different working fluids. Each fluid is characterized by five parameters: the acentric factor, critical temperature, critical pressure, molar mass, and the ideal-gas ratio of specific heats at the critical temperature. The model was developed using the compressibility factor modified version of the Benedict–Webb–Rubin equation proposed by Lee and Kesler and the enthalpy and entropy functions to calculate thermodynamic state properties. The model was validated by comparing the results calculated with the model and working fluid thermodynamic properties obtained with the CoolProp database. This comparison was conducted for 91 working fluids, obtaining a relative error below 5% for 88 out of the 91 fluids (∼97%). A generalized parametric study was conducted to determine the influence of the pinch point and each fluid parameter on the performance of Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems. It was found that efficiency increases with critical temperature, ideal-gas ratio of specific heats at the critical temperature, and acentric factor, reaching up to 13%. The developed model enables the evaluation of ORC system performance for existing working fluids. It also allows the formulation and evaluation of new fluids to enhance the performance of the ORC while retrieving energy from any kind of source; and likewise, the methodology can be applied to other power generation cycles.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2016

Laboratory Evaluation of Energy Recovery Ventilators

Over the years, building scientists have characterized the relationship between building airtightness, exhaust-only appliances airflows, and building depressurization. Now, as the use of deep retrofit measures and new construction practices is growing to realize lower infiltration levels in increasingly tighter envelopes, performance issues can arise with the operation of exhaust-only appliances in a depressurized home. As the depressurization levels climb in tighter homes, many of these exhaust-only appliances see their rated airflows reduced and other related performance issues arise as a result. If sufficiently depressurized, atmospherically vented combustion appliances that may be present in the home can backdraft as well. Furthermore, when exhaust-only appliances operate and the tight home becomes depressurized, water vapor intrusion from outdoors can raise additional issues of mold in the building envelope in more humid climates.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2016

Laboratory Evaluation of Energy Recovery Ventilators

Over the years, building scientists have characterized the relationship between building airtightness, exhaust-only appliances airflows, and building depressurization. Now, as the use of deep retrofit measures and new construction practices is growing to realize lower infiltration levels in increasingly tighter envelopes, performance issues can arise with the operation of exhaust-only appliances in a depressurized home. As the depressurization levels climb in tighter homes, many of these exhaust-only appliances see their rated airflows reduced and other related performance issues arise as a result. If sufficiently depressurized, atmospherically vented combustion appliances that may be present in the home can backdraft as well. Furthermore, when exhaust-only appliances operate and the tight home becomes depressurized, water vapor intrusion from outdoors can raise additional issues of mold in the building envelope in more humid climates.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2025

Propulsion System Hybridization and Electrification and Energy Recovery of the Hydraulic System for a Diesel-Powered Off-Road Carry/Lift Machine Final Technical Report (FTR)

Historically, heavy-duty off-road equipment has prioritized performance, reliability, and cost, with limited emphasis on efficiency. While increasing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) regulations have driven a focused effort for efficiency in on-road vehicles, off-road machines have remained largely overlooked, leaving significant opportunities for efficiency improvements and emissions reductions. To address this overlooked industry, Michigan Technological University’s Advanced Power Systems Research Center (APS LABS) worked with Pettibone to determine a unique electrified architecture for Pettibone’s heavy-duty off-road material handler, the Cary-Lift 204i, with a goal of 20% fuel savings. The base Cary-Lift uses a diesel engine with no electrification.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2012

Transport Membrane Condenser for Water and Energy Recovery from Power Plant Flue Gas

The new waste heat and water recovery technology based on a nanoporous ceramic membrane vapor separation mechanism has been developed for power plant flue gas application. The recovered water vapor and its latent heat from the flue gas can increase the power plant boiler efficiency and reduce water consumption. This report describes the development of the Transport Membrane Condenser (TMC) technology in details for power plant flue gas application. The two-stage TMC design can achieve maximum heat and water recovery based on practical power plant flue gas and cooling water stream conditions. And the report includes: Two-stage TMC water and heat recovery system design based on potential host power plant coal fired flue gas conditions; Membrane performance optimization process based on the flue gas conditions, heat sink conditions, and water and heat transport rate requirement; Pilot-Scale Unit design, fabrication and performance validation test results. Laboratory test results showed the TMC system can exact significant amount of vapor and heat from the flue gases. The recovered water has been tested and proved of good quality, and the impact of SO 2 in the flue gas on the membrane has been evaluated. The TMC pilot-scale system has been field tested with a slip stream of flue gas in a power plant to prove its long term real world operation performance. A TMC scale-up design approach has been investigated and an economic analysis of applying the technology has been performed.

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Designing CO 2 -Responsive Multifunctional Nanoscale Fluids with Tunable Hydrogel Behavior for Subsurface Energy Recovery

The ability to direct subsurface fluid flow or achieve a high level of control on permeability in subsurface environments necessitates the development of tunable novel subsurface fluids. These multifunctional fluids should have the potential to form hydrogels to divert flow or enhance fracture networks at elevated pressures, ability to transport proppants, undergo reversible transformations from gel-like to fluid-like in response to chemical- or pressure-based perturbations, and have improved CO 2 carrying capacity for enhancing the miscibility and flowability of oil and gas. In this paper, we discuss the development of multifunctional nanofluids constructed from silica (SiO 2 ) nanoparticles and poly(allylamine) (PAA), amine bearing polymer chains with high affinity for CO 2 . A 2-fold increase in CO 2 absorption in SiO 2 -PAA nanofluids compared to the pure polymer was noted. Upon CO 2 absorption, the weakly interacting polymeric chains around the nanoparticles formed relatively compact hydrogels. Time-resolved ultrasmall-angle X-ray scattering/small-angle X-ray scattering measurements showed the transition from swollen branched polymers to Gaussian coils with an increased exposure to CO 2 . Further, CO 2 -induced hydrogel formation in aqueous fluids bearing 1 wt % SiO 2 -PAA nanofluids occurred at room temperature, unlike in fluids bearing 1 wt % PAA. These observations point to the feasibility of forming hydrogels at lower temperatures and pressures using novel nanofluids as opposed to using the pure polymer. As a result, the ability to tune the structures and morphologies of these fluids expands the potential applications of these fluids in a wide range of subsurface environments.

03 NATURAL GAS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Permanent magnets for the return loop of the Cornell-Brookhaven energy recovery linac test accelerator

214 neodymium permanent magnets have been manufactured for the return loop of the CBETA multi-turn ERL at Cornell University. There are 5 types of quadrupole and combined-function gradient magnets using a variant of the circular Halbach design. These are made out of NdFeB material and glued into an aluminium housing with water channels for temperature stabilisation. The NdFeB wedges and magnet construction were done by outside companies, while the final “tuning” using inserts containing 64 iron rods per magnet was done at BNL over a period of about 6 months. Average relative field errors of 2.2×10 -4 were achieved on the beam region. The magnet strengths vary by type but are of order 10 T/m for quadrupole component and up to 0.3 T for the dipole. This paper reports on the field quality and timeline achieved in this production process

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2019

MBMS1.0: An Open-Source Code for Modeling and Simulation of Membrane-Based Dehumidification and Energy Recovery

Air dehumidification processes are important and significantly impact both the performance of building ventilation and air conditioning systems, and the health of occupants. In a membrane-based dehumidifier, a permselective membrane is adopted to separate the two flow streams at feed and permeate sides. The feed side is continuously supplied with humid air at atmospheric pressure, while the permeate side is connected to a vacuum pump to produce vacuum or a low permeate vapor pressure as a driving force for water vapor permeation. The software MBMS 1.0 enables modeling and simulation of the design and configuration optimization of a membrane-based air-to-air (A2A) or air-to-vapor (A2V) device. A first-order physical-constant model was developed to reasonably account for the fundamental heat and mass transfer processes involved.

Gao, Zhiming↗
DOE OSTI2019

PERLE: A High Power Energy Recovery Facility

The Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at Jefferson Lab is the first large high power CW recirculating electron accelerator to make use of SRF accelerating structures. The structures are configured in two anti-parallel linacs connected by arcs. Each linac consists of twenty C20/C50 cryomodules each containing eight 5-cell cavities and five C100 upgrade cryomodules each containing eight 7-cell cavities. Accurately classifying the source of cavity faults is critical for improving accelerator performance. A cavity fault triggers a waveform acquisition process where 17 waveform records sampled at 5 kHz are recorded for each of the 8 cavities in the affected cryomodule. The waveform record length is sufficiently long for transient microphonic effects to be observable. This data combined with archived signals sampled at 10 Hz are used to classify faults. Significant time is required for a subject matter expert to analyze and identify the intra-cavity signatures of imminent faults. This paper describes a path forward that utilizes machine learning for automatic fault classification. Post-training identification of the physical origins of faults are discussed, as are potential machine-trained model-free implementations of trip avoidance procedures. These methods should provide new insights into cavity fault mechanisms and facilitate intelligent optimization of cryomodule performance

Kaabi, W.↗
DOE OSTI2015

Heavy Duty Roots Expander Heat Energy Recovery (HD-REHER)

Eaton Corporation proposed a comprehensive project to develop and demonstrate advanced component technology that will reduce the cost of implementing Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) Waste Heat Recovery (WHR) systems to Heavy-Duty Diesel engines, making adaptation of this fuel efficiency improving technology more commercially attractive to end-users in the next 5 to 10 year time period. Accelerated adaptation and implementation of new fuel efficiency technology into service is critical for reduction of fuel used in the commercial vehicle segment.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Novel Modular Treatment System for Distributed Energy Recovery and Water Reclamation from Industrial Wastewaters

The overarching goal of this work was to accelerate the commercialization of a distributed, modular, agile treatment technology - the Modular Encapsulated Two-stage Anaerobic Biological (METAB) system - by advancing it to pilot-scale. Specifically, the METAB system was developed to treat high strength wastewater (5,000-35,000 mg/L chemical oxygen demand (COD)), produce hydrogen (H2) and methane (CH4), and achieve these outcomes without a membrane for retention of microorganisms.

42 ENGINEERING↗