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At least 163 records · Page 9
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Electron-Ion Collider - science and concept

Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is the fundamental quantum theory of quarks and gluons that make up almost all the visible matter in the universe. Quarks interact by exchanging gluons, but gluons also interact with gluons, a unique feature of QCD. Despite being so central to QCD, the properties and dynamics of gluons remain largely unexplored. The inspiration to solve the profound mysteries surrounding this ‘glue’ drives the development of a next-generation facility, the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC).

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Point cloud-based diffusion models for the Electron-Ion Collider

At high-energy collider experiments, generative models can be used for a wide range of tasks, including fast detector simulations, unfolding, searches of physics beyond the Standard Model, and inference tasks. In particular, it has been demonstrated that score-based diffusion models can generate high-fidelity and accurate samples of jets or collider events. This work expands on previous generative models in three distinct ways. First, our model is trained to generate entire collider events, including all particle species with complete kinematic information. We quantify how well the model learns event-wide constraints such as the conservation of momentum and discrete quantum numbers. We focus on the events at the future Electron-Ion Collider, but we expect that our results can be extended to proton-proton and heavy-ion collisions. Second, previous generative models often relied on image-based techniques. The sparsity of the data can negatively affect the fidelity and sampling time of the model. We address these issues using point clouds and a novel architecture combining edge creation with transformer modules called Point Edge Transformers. Third, we adapt the foundation model OmniLearn, to generate full collider events. This approach may indicate a transition toward adapting and fine-tuning foundation models for downstream tasks instead of training new models from scratch.

Araz, Jack Y. [Stony Brook Univ., NY (United State↗
DOE OSTI2026

Weak-charge form-factor determination at the electron-ion collider

Determining the weak charge form factor, 𝐹 𝑊 ⁡(𝑄 2 ), of nuclei over a continuous range of momentum transfers, 0 ≲ 𝑄 2 ≲ 0.1 GeV 2 , is essential for mapping out the distribution of neutrons in nuclei. The neutron density distribution has significant implications for a broad range of areas, including studies of nuclear structure, neutron stars, and physics beyond the Standard Model. Currently, our knowledge of 𝐹 𝑊 ⁡(𝑄 2 ) comes primarily from fixed target experiments that measure the parity-violating asymmetry in coherent elastic electron-ion scattering. Fixed target experiments, such as CREX and PREX-1,2, have provided high-precision weak charge form factor extractions for the 48 Ca and 208 Pb nuclei, respectively. However, a major limitation of fixed target experiments is that they each provide data only at a single value of 𝑄 2 . With the proposed electron-ion collider (EIC) on the horizon, we explore its potential to impact the determination of the weak charge form factor. While it cannot compete with the precision of fixed target experiments, it can provide data over a wide and continuous range of 𝑄 2 values, and for a wide variety of nuclei. We show that with data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of ℒ ∼ 500/𝐴 fb −1 , where 𝐴 is the nucleus atomic weight, the EIC can significantly impact constraints by lifting degeneracies in theoretical models of the neutron density distribution. Ensuring EIC detector coverage at low 𝑄 2 and large negative pseudorapidities will be essential for such 𝐹 𝑊 ⁡(𝑄 2 ) measurements.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Multiscale Imaging of Nuclear Deformation at the Electron-Ion Collider

We show within the Color Glass Condensate framework that exclusive vector meson production at high energy is sensitive to the geometric deformation of the target nucleus at multiple length scales. Studying e+U collisions and varying the deformation of the uranium target, we demonstrate that larger deformations result in enhanced incoherent vector meson production cross sections. Further, different multipole deformation parameters affect different regions of transverse momentum transfer. Employing JIMWLK evolution to study the Bjorken-x dependence of our results, we find that the ratio of incoherent to coherent cross sections decreases with decreasing x, largely independently of the quadrupole deformation of the target. Comparing results for the same process using 20 Ne targets with 16 O targets, we find that differences in deformation are clearly visible in the incoherent cross section. These findings show that certain observables at the Electron-Ion Collider are very sensitive to nuclear structure. Consequently, deformations need to be taken into account when interpreting experimental results. More importantly, this also means that |t|-differential diffractive vector meson production could become a powerful tool, enabling the most direct measurements of nuclear structure at different length scales, ranging from nuclear deformation at low |t| to nucleon and subnucleon-size scales at higher |t|.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Towards a RAG-based summarization for the Electron Ion Collider

Abstract The complexity and sheer volume of information — encompassing documents, papers, data, and other resources — from large-scale experiments demand significant time and effort to navigate, making the task of accessing and utilizing these varied forms of information daunting, particularly for new collaborators and early-career scientists.To tackle this issue, a Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG)-based Summarization AI for EIC (RAGS4EIC) is under development. This AI-Agent not only condenses information but also effectively references relevant responses, offering substantial advantages for collaborators. Our project involves a two-step approach: first, querying a comprehensive vector database containing all pertinent experiment information; second, utilizing a Large Language Model (LLM) to generate concise summaries enriched with citations based on user queries and retrieved data. We describe the evaluation methods that use RAG assessments (RAGAs) scoring mechanisms to assess the effectiveness of responses. Furthermore, we describe the concept of prompt template based instruction-tuning which provides flexibility and accuracy in summarization. Importantly, the implementation relies on LangChain [1], which serves as the foundation of our entire workflow. This integration ensures efficiency and scalability, facilitating smooth deployment and accessibility for various user groups within the Electron Ion Collider (EIC) community. This innovative AI-driven framework not only simplifies the understanding of vast datasets but also encourages collaborative participation, thereby empowering researchers. As a demonstration, a web application has been developed to explain each stage of the RAG Agent development in detail. The application can be accessed athttps://rags4eic-ai4eic.streamlit.app.[A tagged version of the source code can be found inhttps://github.com/ai4eic/EIC-RAG-Project/releases/tag/AI4EIC2023_PROCEEDING.]

Instruments & Instrumentation↗
DOE OSTI2026

Thermal Compton Scattering of Electron Beams on Blackbody Photons: A Monte Carlo Event Generator for Multi-Turn Tracking at the Electron-Ion Collider

Compton scattering of ultra-relativistic electrons on thermal (blackbody) photons is typically a subdominant process in electron storage rings, but at sufficiently high electron energy and low residual gas pressure it can become competitive with beam-gas scattering and contribute to dis tributed losses and backgrounds. We present a self-contained Monte Carlo event generator for thermal Compton scattering designed for integration into multi-turn tracking workflows. The im plementation follows H. Burkhardt’s proposal method: trial scattering angles are sampled from the Thomson differential cross section and accepted/rejected using the Klein-Nishina to Thomson ratio, yielding the correct Compton spectrum while retaining simple absolute-rate normalization. Ther mal photon energies are sampled from the blackbody photon-number spectrum via an exact mixture representation.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Design and simulated performance of calorimetry systems for the ECCE detector at the electron ion collider

Here, we describe the design and performance the calorimeter systems used in the ECCE detector to achieve the overall performance specifications cost-effectively with careful consideration of appropriate technical and schedule risks. The calorimeter systems consist of three electromagnetic calorimeters, covering the combined pseudorapidity range from -3.7 to 3.8 and two hadronic calorimeters covering a combined range of -1.1<η<3.8. Key calorimeter performances which include energy and position resolutions, reconstruction efficiency, and particle identification will be presented.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2021

Detector Solenoid Compensation for the Electron-Ion Collider

The central detector in the present EIC design includes a 4 m long solenoid with an integrated strength of up to 12 Tm. The electron beam passes on-axis through the solenoid, but the hadron beam has an angle of 25 mrad. Thus the solenoid couples horizontal and vertical betatron motion in both electron and hadron storage rings, and causes a vertical closed orbit excursion in the hadron ring. The solenoid also couples the transverse and longitudinal motions of both beams, when crab cavities are also considered. In this paper, we present schemes for closed orbit correction and coupling compensation at the IP, including crabbing.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Ring Electron Cooler for Electron Ion Collider

Cooling of protons at top energy (γ = 293) to counteract the IBS driven emittance growth can be beneficial to the EIC performance. The Ring Electron Cooler provides such capability.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Probing nuclear structure at the Electron-Ion Collider and in ultra-peripheral nuclear collisions

Within the Color Glass Condensate framework, we demonstrate that exclusive vector meson production at high energy is sensitive to the geometric deformation of the target nucleus and subnucleon scale fluctuations. Deformation of the nucleus enhances the incoherent cross section in the small |t| region. Subnucleon scale fluctuations increase the incoherent cross section in the large |t| region. In ultra-peripheral collisions (UPCs), larger deformation leads to a wider distribution of the minimal impact parameter B min required to produce a UPC. This, together with larger incoherent cross sections for larger deformation, results in smaller extracted radii. Our results demonstrate great potential for future studies of nuclear structure in UPCs and electron-ion collisions.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Electron Ion Collider Strong Hadron Cooling Injector and ERL

Intra-beam Scattering (IBS) and other diffusion mechanisms in the EIC Hadron Storage Ring (HSR) degrade the beam emittances during a store, with growth times of about 2 hours at the nominal proton energies of 275GeV, 100 GeV, and 41 GeV. Strong Hadron Cooling (SHC) can maintain good hadron beam quality and high luminosity during long collision stores. A novel cooling method ’ Coherent electron Cooling (CeC) ’ is chosen as the baseline SHC method, due to its high cooling rates. An Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) is used to deliver an intense high-quality electron beam for cooling. In this paper, we discuss the beam requirements for SHC-CeC and describe the current status of the injector and ERL designs. Two designs of injector and ERL will be presented: one for dedicated SHC and another one for SHC with precooler.

Wang, E.↗