Observational upper limits to the electromagnetic energy radiated by normal galaxies
Galactic EM energy radiation, discussing flux upper limits in Low model
Harwit, M. O.↗
SEARCH · Engineering Papers
Results for “Electromagnetic Radiation”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Investigation of space radiation effects in polymeric film-forming materials
The literature search in the field of ultraviolet radiation effects that was conducted during the previous program, Contract No. NAS1-12549, has been expanded to include the effects of charged particle radiation and high energy electromagnetic radiation. The literature from 1958 to 1969 was searched manually, while the literature from 1969 to present was searched by using a computerized keyword system. The information generated from this search was utilized for the design of an experimental program aimed at the development of materials with improved resistance to the vacuum-radiation environment of space. Preliminary irradiation experiments were performed which indicate that the approaches and criteria employed are very promising and may provide a solution to the challenging problem of polymer stability to combined ultraviolet/high energy radiation.
Giori, C.↗
Free-electron laser from wave-mechanical beats of 2 electron beams
It is possible, though technically difficult, to produce beams of free electrons that exhibit beats of a quantum mechanical nature. (1) the generation of electromagnetic radiation, e.g., light, based on the fact that the beats give rise to alternating charge and current densities; and a frequency shifter, based on the fact that a beam with beats constitutes a moving grating. When such a grating is exposed to external radiation of suitable frequency and direction, the reflected rediation will be shifted in frequency, since the grating is moving. A twofold increase of the frequency is readily attainable. It is shown that it is impossible to generate radiation, because the alternating electromagnetic fields that accompany the beats cannot reform themselves into freely propagating waves. The frequency shifter is useless as a practical device, because its reflectance is extremely low for realizable beams.
Lichtenstein, R. M.↗
Extra-corporeal blood access, sensing, and radiation methods and apparatuses
The described invention is related to extra-corporeal blood access and radiation methods and apparatuses and, in particular, to subjecting flowing blood to energy in variety of forms, including radiation, electromagnetic force fields or atomic particles. It is directed to methods and apparatuses for accessing flowing blood and for subjecting the blood to electrical conductive, electrostatic or electromagnetic fields or for radiating the blood with some type of radiation, e.g., radio waves, ultrasonic or audio waves, microwaves, IR rays, visible light, UV radiation, x-rays, alpha, beta or gamma rays. An apparatus is employed which includes one or more access ports or windows for radiating blood and/or for sensing/analyzing blood. This invention is useful for killing viruses and bacteria in blood, monitoring blood for medical purposes, genetic modification of blood, and analyzing and/or treating blood components.
Castle, Kent D.↗
Future Experiments in Astrophysics
The measurement methodologies of astrophysics experiments reflect the enormous variation of the astrophysical radiation itself. The diverse nature of the astrophysical radiation, e.g. cosmic rays, electromagnetic radiation, and neutrinos, is further complicated by the enormous span in energy, from the 1.95 Kappa relic neutrino background to cosmic rays with energy greater than 10(exp 20)eV. The measurement of gravity waves and search for dark matter constituents are also of astrophysical interest. Thus, the experimental techniques employed to determine the energy of the incident particles are strongly dependent upon the specific particles and energy range to be measured. This paper summarizes some of the calorimetric methodologies and measurements planned by future astrophysics experiments. A focus will be placed on the measurement of higher energy astrophysical radiation. Specifically, future cosmic ray, gamma ray, and neutrino experiments will be discussed.
Krizmanic, John F.↗
Plasma lasers (a strong source of coherent radiation in astrophysics)
The generation of electromagnetic radiation from the free energy available in electron streams is discussed. The fundamental principles involved in a particular class of coherent plasma radiation sources, i.e., plasma lasers, are reviewed, focusing on three wave coupling, nonlinear parametric instabilities, and negative energy waves. The simplest case of plasma lasers, that of an unmagnetized plasma containing a finite level of density fluctuations and electrons streaming with respect to the ions, is dealt with. A much more complicated application of plasma lasers to the case of auroral kilometric radiation is then examined. The concept of free electron lasers, including the role of relativistic scattering, is elucidated. Important problems involving the escape of the excited radiation from its generation region, effects due to plasma shielding and nonlinear limits, are brought out.
Papadopoulos, K.↗
Exact solution of the DeWitt-Brehme-Hobbs equation in copropagating electromagetic and gravitational waves
An accelerated charge interacts with its own electromagnetic field, a phenomenon known as electromagnetic radiation reaction. The DeWitt-Brehme-Hobbs (DWBH) equation describes the motion of a charged mass in the presence of combined electromagnetic and gravitational fields, taking into account electromagnetic radiation-reaction effects. Here, we find the first exact analytical solution of the DWBH equation in the case of a charged mass in the presence of copropagating and otherwise arbitrary electromagnetic and gravitational plane waves. As a consequence of the Penrose limit, the scenario considered here can be seen as a local limit around ultrarelativistic trajectories in a general curved spacetime. Finally, the paradigmatic example of an electromagnetic wave in the presence of a constant-amplitude gravitational wave is worked out explicitly and it is shown how the presence of the gravitational wave can qualitatively change electromagnetic radiation-reaction effects.
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
Detector measures power in 50 to 30,000 GHz radiation band
Broadband power detector assembly measures electromagnetic radiation in the 50 to 30,000 GHz band. The assembly includes a matched pair of detectors which incorporate thin-film radiation absorbers. The detector is effective with either coherent or incoherent radiation.
Arams, F. R.↗
Electromagnetic particle simulation codes
Electromagnetic particle simulations solve the full set of Maxwell's equations. They thus include the effects of self-consistent electric and magnetic fields, magnetic induction, and electromagnetic radiation. The algorithms for an electromagnetic code which works directly with the electric and magnetic fields are described. The fields and current are separated into transverse and longitudinal components. The transverse E and B fields are integrated in time using a leapfrog scheme applied to the Fourier components. The particle pushing is performed via the relativistic Lorentz force equation for the particle momentum. As an example, simulation results are presented for the electron cyclotron maser instability which illustrate the importance of relativistic effects on the wave-particle resonance condition and on wave dispersion.
Pritchett, P. L.↗
Nonradial oscillations of neutron stars
Linear, adiabatic, Newtonian, nonradial pulsation analyses have been performed for finite-temperature neutron star models with a fluid core, solid crust, and thin surface fluid 'ocean', including the effects of the neutron star crust. The pulsation equations are considered, including the spheroidal and toroidal modes. A local analysis is performed to provide information about the pulsation modes in the short-wavelength limit. Numerical calculations are made on the mode spectrum and systematic properties. Damping mechanisms are investigated, including gravitational radiation damping, neutrino emission damping, electromagnetic radiation from an oscillating stellar magnetic field, nonadiabatic effects, and internal friction and viscosity.
Mcdermott, P. N.↗
Test Before You Fly - High Fidelity Planetary Environment Simulation
The lunar surface environment will present many challenges to the survivability of systems developed for long duration lunar habitation and exploration of the lunar, or any other planetary, surface. Obstacles will include issues pertaining especially to the radiation environment (solar plasma and electromagnetic radiation) and lunar regolith dust. The Planetary Environments Chamber is one piece of the MSFC capability in Space Environmental Effects Test and Analysis. Comprised of many unique test systems, MSFC has the most complete set of SEE test capabilities in one location allowing examination of combined space environmental effects without transporting already degraded, potentially fragile samples over long distances between tests. With this system, the individual and combined effects of the lunar radiation and regolith environment on materials, sub-systems, and small systems developed for the lunar return can be investigated. This combined environments facility represents a unique capability to NASA, in which tests can be tailored to any one aspect of the lunar environment (radiation, temperature, vacuum, regolith) or to several of them combined in a single test.
Craven, Paul↗
A simulation study of the loss cone driven cyclotron maser applied to auroral kilometric radiation
The linear growth and nonlinear saturation of electromagnetic radiation amplified by a hot (5-20 keV) population of electrons possessing a loss cone velocity distribution in the presence of a cold (20-500 eV) electron population are studied. A relativistic electromagnetic simulation code is used to study the emission process. Three cases are presented in detail to illustrate the generation process of auroral kilometric radiation. The first case, which has an electron plasma frequency omega(pe) = 0.2 omega(ce) (electron cyclotron frequency) and possesses a double loss cone distribution, exhibits a strong narrow peak of the fast extraordinary mode (X mode) radiation just above the X mode cutoff frequency. The second case with omega(pe) = 0.2 omega(ce) and a single loss cone distribution shows a preferred direction of propagation for the amplified radiation. The third case with omega(pe) = 0.5 omega(ce) shows a peak in the ordinary mode (O mode) radiation. In all cases, the radiation saturates by turbulent scattering of resonant particles into the loss cone.
Wagner, J. S.↗
A study of interplanetary space missions
Interplanetary space missions - measurements of solar wind, interplanetary magnetic field, solar protons, and electromagnetic radiation
SPACE MISSION↗
Cruft Laboratory semiannual progress report no. 70, January 1 - July 1, 1965
Research on very low frequency propagation, solid state and electron physics, automatic control, communications and networks, microwave materials, and electromagnetic radiation
SOLID STATE PHYSICS↗
Gamma radiation from the Crab nebula above 35 MeV
Electromagnetic radiation from the Crab nebula were observed, showing that the Crab is unique among strong X-ray sources in that major component in the low energy range (1 to 10 KeV) shows little or no temporal variation. Observations of the Crab above 35 MeV were made with the high energy gamma ray telescope flown on SAS-2. The detector and technique are described in detail.
Kniffen, D. A.↗
Direct detection of ambient electron plasma oscillation fields in the magnetosphere.
Radio noise measurements at high altitudes using rocket probe, suggesting electromagnetic radiation from plasma waves as source mechanism
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION↗
Theoretical expression for the noise equivalent power of pyroelectric detectors.
Equivalent circuit for pyroelectric materials used in obtaining noise equivalent power for detection of electromagnetic radiation and heat transfer measurement
NOISE INTENSITY↗
Solar physics
Solar physics involving electromagnetic radiation and solar spectrum at all wavelengths
SOLAR PHYSICS↗