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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2014

The Economics OF NEOS

NASA's Ames Research Center, in its role as partnerships lead for NASA asteroid redirect robotic missions and as a supporting Center for the Asteroid Grand Challenge, responded to increasing interest in near-Earth objects (NEOs) by holding a workshop entitled 'The Economics of NEOs' on the 6th and 7th of September 2014. The workshop was intended to serve as a catalyst for discussions and to foster collaborations between industry, academia and government. This document serves as a summary of the discussions which took place within three sessions and their respective table discussions; Session One: Background and Motivation; Session Two: Economics of NEOs; and Session Three: Policy and Legal Frameworks. This document is a collection of observations by individuals and does not express the consensus view of all participants; it does not express US Government or NASA policy.

Near Earth Objects Asteroids ISRU↗
NASA NTRS2016

Climate Change Observation Accuracy: Requirements and Economic Value

This presentation will summarize a new quantitative approach to determining the required accuracy for climate change observations. Using this metric, most current global satellite observations struggle to meet this accuracy level. CLARREO (Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory) is a new satellite mission designed to resolve this challenge is by achieving advances of a factor of 10 for reflected solar spectra and a factor of 3 to 5 for thermal infrared spectra. The CLARREO spectrometers can serve as SI traceable benchmarks for the Global Satellite Intercalibration System (GSICS) and greatly improve the utility of a wide range of LEO and GEO infrared and reflected solar satellite sensors for climate change observations (e.g. CERES, MODIS, VIIIRS, CrIS, IASI, Landsat, etc). A CLARREO Pathfinder mission for flight on the International Space Station is included in the U.S. Presidentâ€"TM"s fiscal year 2016 budget, with launch in 2019 or 2020. Providing more accurate decadal change trends can in turn lead to more rapid narrowing of key climate science uncertainties such as cloud feedback and climate sensitivity. A new study has been carried out to quantify the economic benefits of such an advance and concludes that the economic value is ~ $9 Trillion U.S. dollars. The new value includes the cost of carbon emissions reductions.

Wielicki, Bruce↗
NASA NTRS2016

Lunar COTS: Using the Moon's Resources to Enable An Economical and Sustainable Pathway to Mars and Beyond

To support NASAs goal of sending humans to Mars, a new plan was constructed to develop and demonstrate cislunar capabilities and services in partnership with commercial industry using the well-proven Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) Program acquisition model. The NASA COTS Program was a very successful program that developed and demonstrated cost-effective commercial cargo transportation services to the International Space Station (ISS). As a result of NASAs COTS program, two new launch vehicles and spacecraft were developed and have been successfully performing cargo transportation missions to the ISS since 2012. The COTS acquisition strategy utilized a new model than normally accepted in traditional procurement practices. This new model used Space Act Agreements where NASA entered into partnerships with industry to jointly share cost, development and operational risks to demonstrate new capabilities for mutual benefit. This model proved to be very beneficial to both NASA and its industry partners as NASA saved significantly in development and operational costs, as much as tenfold, while industry partners successfully expanded their market share of the global launch transportation business for significant economic benefit. Using the COTS acquisition model as a basis, a new plan, notionally referred to as Lunar Commercial Orbital Transfer Services (or Lunar COTS), has been developed to determine the potential benefits and challenges of a new Lunar COTS plan[1]. The proposed plan includes low-cost, commercial-enabled missions to prospect for resources, determine the economic viability of extracting those resources and assess the value proposition of using these resources in future exploration architectures such as Mars. These missions would be accomplished in partnership with industry to meet these exploration goals but will also have the capability to carry payloads to meet science goals as well.

Zuniga, Allison↗
NASA NTRS2022

AgMIP Regional Integrated Assessment of Agricultural Systems in Nioro, Senegal: Representative Agricultural Pathways, Climate, Crop and Economic Datasets

This paper describes the datasets that were used to implement an AgMIP Regional Integrated Assessment for the Nioro region of Senegal to assess the potential impacts of climate change on the principal agricultural system in the Senegal peanut basin and to assess adaptations of that system to climate change under current as well as future climate and socio-economic conditions. This dataset includes the Representative Agricultural Pathways developed for Nioro from 2000-2050; the climate data that were used to implement crop yield simulations; the data that were used to parameterize the DSSAT and APSIM crop models, including historical climate data and future climate scenarios; and the data that were used to parameterize the Tradeoff Analysis Model for Multi-dimensional Impact Assessment (TOAMD) economic simulation model, as well as simulated model outputs.

AgMIP↗
NASA NTRS2023

Operational Forecasting Inundation Extents using REOF analysis (FIER) over Lower Mekong and its Economic Impact on Agriculture

In the Lower Mekong River Basin floodplains, rice cultivation is highly crucial for regional and global food security. However, prolonged flooding can pose damage to rice cultivation and other socio-economic aspects. Yet, there is no rapid operational inundation forecasting system that can help decision-makers proactively mitigate flood damages. Here, we integrated the so-called Forecasting Inundation Extents using Rotated empirical orthogonal function analysis (FIER) framework with an altimetry-based operational Mekong River level forecasting system and built an operational web application, FIER-Mekong, (https://fier-mekong.streamlit.app/) that generates daily skillful forecasted inundation extents (>70% of critical success index) and depths in about 3 and 30 s, respectively, with up to 18-day lead times. One of its applications, predicting flood-induced rice economic losses, is also presented. Had FIER-Mekong being adopted, we estimated that the rice damages, up to 87 and 53 million US dollars during the 2020 and 2021 harvest time, respectively, could have been avoided.

Chi-Hung Chang↗
NASA NTRS2024

A Fair, Economically-Efficient, Incentive-Aligned, Scalable Airspace Auction Mechanism for UAV Traffic Management

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly used in a wide range of applications such as cinematography, package delivery, and surveying. As a result, regulators have become interested in developing UAV Traffic Management (UTM) systems to coordinate UAV traffic. One possible framework for UTM is a combinatorial auction. Under this framework, airspace is modeled as a grid of space-time cells. UAV operators bid on sets of cells which collectively form flight paths for their UAVs. An ideal airspace auction should: be fair, be incentive-aligned, be scalable, allocate airspace economically-efficiently, enable price discovery, and reduce the work required to participate where possible. In this paper, we propose the first auction mechanism for airspace allocation that meets the criteria above. Our mechanism: (a) is provably economically-efficient, fair and incentive-aligned, (b) shares pricing information with bidders and (c) has features which reduce the burden of participating. We evaluate our mechanism on scenarios based on a Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) case study and find that it can scale to 26,000 bids.

Robert Allan Morris↗
NASA NTRS1963

THE ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF THE SPACE PROGRAM

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the economic impact of the amazing space program presented in the preceding papers. My function is to view the space program objectively as an economist so as to assess its impact upon the Nation's economy as a whole and upon certain regions in particular. In order to be objective, I will not take the extreme view that our entire lives will be changed by this program overnight-we will not all be wearing air-conditioned Moonsuits in 2 years and commuting to work by individual miniaturized Rocketpacks. An attempt will be made to avoid the other extreme of thinking that the space program is the greatest boondoggle since the Pyramids; it is not merely a form of scientific leaf-raking on a gigantic scale. My definition of the space program includes the program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and some work of other agencies doing related space exploration, particularly the Department of Defense. In essence, I hope to answer the question: What will NASA's program mean to the participants in the Nation's economy?

ECONOMICS↗