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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 163 records · Page 9
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

Lie algebraic approach to the time-dependent quantum general harmonic oscillator and the bi-dimensional charged particle in time-dependent electromagnetic fields

We discuss the one-dimensional, time-dependent general quadratic Hamiltonian and the bi-dimensional charged particle in time-dependent electromagnetic fields through the Lie algebraic approach. Such method consists in finding a set of generators that form a closed Lie algebra in terms of which it is possible to express a quantum Hamiltonian and therefore the evolution operator. The evolution operator is then the starting point to obtain the propagator as well as the explicit form of the Heisenberg picture position and momentum operators. First, the set of generators forming a closed Lie algebra is identified for the general quadratic Hamiltonian. This algebra is later extended to study the Hamiltonian of a charged particle in electromagnetic fields exploiting the similarities between the terms of these two Hamiltonians. These results are applied to the solution of five different examples: the linear potential which is used to introduce the Lie algebraic method, a radio frequency ion trap, a Kanai–Caldirola-like forced harmonic oscillator, a charged particle in a time dependent magnetic field, and a charged particle in constant magnetic field and oscillating electric field. In particular we present exact analytical expressions that are fitting for the study of a rotating quadrupole field ion trap and magneto-transport in two-dimensional semiconductor heterostructures illuminated by microwave radiation. In these examples we show that this powerful method is suitable to treat quadratic Hamiltonians with time dependent coefficients quite efficiently yielding closed analytical expressions for the propagator and the Heisenberg picture position and momentum operators. -- Highlights: •We deal with the general quadratic Hamiltonian and a particle in electromagnetic fields. •The evolution operator is worked out through the Lie algebraic approach. •We also obtain the propagator and Heisenberg picture position and momentum operators. •Analytical expressions for a rotating quadrupole field ion trap are presented. •Exact solutions for magneto-transport in variable electromagnetic fields are shown.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2019

Electromagnetic self-force in the five dimensional Myers–Perry space–time

We calculate the effects of the electromagnetic self-force on a charged particle outside a five dimensional Myers–Perry space–time. Based on our earlier work (Mirzaiyan et al., 2018), we obtain the self-force using quaternions in Janis–Newman and Giampieri algorithms. In four dimensional rotating space–time the electromagnetic self-force is repulsive at any point, however, in five dimensional rotational space–time, we find a point r{sub 0} where the electromagnetic self-force vanishes. For r r{sub 0}) the electromagnetic self-force is attractive (repulsive).

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2021

Continuous evolution of electromagnetic field in heavy-ion collisions

In relativistic heavy-ion collisions the electromagnetic field exists before the hot nuclear matter emergence. Requiring the field continuity, we compute it in the central rapidity region by taking into account the electromagnetic response of the Quark Gluon Plasma. We show that the electromagnetic field is nearly time-independent from about 1 fm/c after the collision until the freezeout. In particular, its value is about 10% of the initial magnitude of the magnetic field. In conclusion, our result provides a theoretical basis for the common assumption that the electromagnetic field produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions varies slowly with time.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

The MOOSE electromagnetics module

The Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE) electromagnetics module has been developed to increase MOOSE physics module capabilities, enabling standalone and coupled computational electromagnetics within the MOOSE multiphysics ecosystem. The module is actively being utilized in the areas of plasma physics and advanced manufacturing, and it currently provides initial demonstrated capability in multi-dimensional, complex-valued electromagnetic wave propagation, electrostatic contact, reflection and transmission, and electromagnetic eigenvalue problems. Two-dimensional wave propagation and one-dimensional wave reflection and transmission are showcased as examples in this work. The modularity, parallelism, and plug-in infrastructure for custom future development is inherited from MOOSE itself, and the module can be used with both MOOSE-based and external codes, giving great flexibility.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2010

Nonlinear fan instability of electromagnetic waves

This paper studies the linear and nonlinear stages of the fan instability, considering electromagnetic waves of the whistler frequency range interacting resonantly with energetic electron fluxes in magnetized plasmas. The main attention is paid to determine the wave-particle interaction processes that can lead to the excitation of intense electromagnetic waves by nonequilibrium particle distributions involving suprathermal tails, and to explain under what conditions and through what mechanisms they can occur, develop, and saturate. This paper presents and discusses two main processes: (i) the linear fan instability and (ii) the nonlinear process of dynamical resonance merging, which can significantly amplify the energy carried by linearly destabilized waves after they saturate due to particle trapping. This study consists of (i) determining analytically and numerically, for parameters typical of space and laboratory plasmas, the linear growth rates of whistlers excited by suprathermal particle fluxes through the fan instability, as well as the corresponding thresholds and the physical conditions at which the instability can appear, (ii) building a theoretical self-consistent 3D model and a related numerical code for describing the nonlinear evolution of the wave-particle system, and (iii) performing numerical simulations to reveal and characterize the nonlinear amplification process at work, its conditions of development, and its consequences, notably in terms of electromagnetic wave radiation. The simulations show that when the waves have reached sufficient energy levels owing to the linear fan instability, they saturate by trapping particles and due to the complex dynamics of these particles in the electromagnetic fields, the resonant velocities' domains of the waves overlap and merge, meanwhile a strong increase of the wave energy occurs.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2012

Possible action mechanism of the electromagnetic fields in the liver cancer development: A mathematical proposal

Currently it is known that electromagnetic field exposure can induce biological changes, although the precise effects and action mechanism of the interaction between the electromagnetic field and biological systems are not well understood. In this work we propose a possible action mechanism, concerning the effect that the extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure has on the early stage of liver cancer development. The model is developed studying the phenomena called oxidative stress that it appears after it is applied a carcinogenic agent used to induce hepatic cancer chemically in an experimental animal model. This physical-chemical process involves the movement of magnetic field dependent free charged particles, called free radicals. We will consider the use of the radical pairs theory as a framework, in which we will describe the spin density operator evolution by implementing the stochastic Liouville equation with hyperfine interaction. This describes how the selectivity of the interaction between spin states of the free radicals with the applied electromagnetic field, influences the development of pre-neoplastic lesions in the liver. AIP Publishing is retracting this article due to the substantial use of content in the Results and Conclusions section without proper citation of a previously published paper in Chemical Physics Letters 361 (2012) 219-225. This article is retracted from the scientific record with effect from 15 October 2015.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2012

Beam-driven three-dimensional electromagnetic strong turbulence

Large scale beam-driven electromagnetic strong turbulence is investigated by numerically solving the three-dimensional electromagnetic Zakharov equations, where turbulence is driven at nonzero wavenumbers k. For electron thermal speeds v{sub e}/c Greater-Than-Or-Equivalent-To 0.1, a significant fraction of driven Langmuir waves undergo electromagnetic decay into electromagnetic waves and ion-acoustic waves so that transverse waves contribute significantly to the total energy density. It is shown that as v{sub e}/c increases, the wavenumber and energy density of transverse waves produced increase. For v{sub e}/c Less-Than-Or-Equivalent-To 0.1, beam-driven turbulence is approximately electrostatic. An approximately periodic cycle is observed, similar to previous two-dimensional electrostatic simulations, in which Langmuir waves are driven to larger mean energy densities until a series of backscatters occurs, shifting the Langmuir waves out of resonance with the driver and decreasing the wavenumber of the Langmuir waves. A low-k condensate results from which wave packets form and collapse, decreasing the mean energy density. Averaging over many of these periods, the statistical properties are calculated and the scaling behavior of the mean energy density is shown to agree well with the electrostatic two-component model prediction. When driven at nonzero k the scaling behavior is shown to depend weakly on v{sub e}/c, in contrast to when strong turbulence is driven at k = 0, where the scalings depend more strongly on v{sub e}/c.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2012

An electromagnetic theory of turbulence driven poloidal rotation

An electromagnetic theory of turbulence driven poloidal rotation is developed with particular emphasis on understanding poloidal rotation in finite-{beta} plasmas. A relation linking the flux of polarization charge to the divergence of the total turbulent stress is derived for electromagnetic gyrokinetic modes. This relation is subsequently utilized to derive a constraint on the net electromagnetic turbulent stress exerted on the poloidal flow. Various limiting cases of this constraint are considered, where it is found that electromagnetic contributions to the turbulent stress may either enhance or reduce the net turbulent stress depending upon the branch of turbulence excited.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2014

Scattering of electromagnetic waves by vortex density structures associated with interchange instability: Analytical and large scale plasma simulation results

The presence of plasma turbulence can strongly influence propagation properties of electromagnetic signals used for surveillance and communication. In particular, we are interested in the generation of low frequency plasma density irregularities in the form of coherent vortex structures. Interchange or flute type density irregularities in magnetized plasma are associated with Rayleigh-Taylor type instability. These types of density irregularities play an important role in refraction and scattering of high frequency electromagnetic signals propagating in the earth ionosphere, in high energy density physics, and in many other applications. We will discuss scattering of high frequency electromagnetic waves on low frequency density irregularities due to the presence of vortex density structures associated with interchange instability. We will also present particle-in-cell simulation results of electromagnetic scattering on vortex type density structures using the large scale plasma code LSP and compare them with analytical results.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2014

Efficient regime of electromagnetic emission in a plasma with counterstreaming electron beams

Efficiency of electromagnetic emission produced in a magnetized plasma with counterstreaming electron beams was investigated using both the linear kinetic theory and particle-in-cell simulations. We calculated the growth rate of the beam-plasma instability taking into account both kinetic and relativistic effects and showed that there exists a regime in which transversely propagating electromagnetic waves can be generated by the coupling of the most unstable oblique beam-driven modes. It was confirmed by numerical simulations that such a tune-up of system parameters for a specific nonlinear process can lead to a substantial increase in electromagnetic emission efficiency. It was found that electromagnetic radiation emerging from the plasma in such a regime is generated near the harmonics of the pump frequency that is determined by the typical eigenfrequency of the beam-driven modes. It was also shown that the peak emission power can reach 5% of the maximal power lost by beam electrons.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2016

Gauge-invariant expectation values of the energy of a molecule in an electromagnetic field

In this paper, we show that the full Hamiltonian for a molecule in an electromagnetic field can be separated into a molecular Hamiltonian and a field Hamiltonian, both with gauge-invariant expectation values. The expectation value of the molecular Hamiltonian gives physically meaningful results for the energy of a molecule in a time-dependent applied field. In contrast, the usual partitioning of the full Hamiltonian into molecular and field terms introduces an arbitrary gauge-dependent potential into the molecular Hamiltonian and leaves a gauge-dependent form of the Hamiltonian for the field. With the usual partitioning of the Hamiltonian, this same problem of gauge dependence arises even in the absence of an applied field, as we show explicitly by considering a gauge transformation from zero applied field and zero external potentials to zero applied field, but non-zero external vector and scalar potentials. We resolve this problem and also remove the gauge dependence from the Hamiltonian for a molecule in a non-zero applied field and from the field Hamiltonian, by repartitioning the full Hamiltonian. It is possible to remove the gauge dependence because the interaction of the molecular charges with the gauge potential cancels identically with a gauge-dependent term in the usual form of the field Hamiltonian. We treat the electromagnetic field classically and treat the molecule quantum mechanically, but nonrelativistically. Our derivation starts from the Lagrangian for a set of charged particles and an electromagnetic field, with the particle coordinates, the vector potential, the scalar potential, and their time derivatives treated as the variables in the Lagrangian. We construct the full Hamiltonian using a Lagrange multiplier method originally suggested by Dirac, partition this Hamiltonian into a molecular term H{sub m} and a field term H{sub f}, and show that both H{sub m} and H{sub f} have gauge-independent expectation values. Any gauge may be chosen for the calculations; but following our partitioning, the expectation values of the molecular Hamiltonian are identical to those obtained directly in the Coulomb gauge. As a corollary of this result, the power absorbed by a molecule from a time-dependent, applied electromagnetic field is equal to the time derivative of the non-adiabatic term in the molecular energy, in any gauge.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

Electromagnetic fluctuations generated in the boundary layer of laboratory-created ionospheric depletions

Ionospheric depletions, produced by release of attachment chemicals into the ionosphere, were widely investigated and taken as a potential technique for the artificial modification of space weather. In this work, we reported the experimental evidence of spontaneously generated electromagnetic fluctuations in the boundary layer of laboratory-created ionospheric depletions. These depletions were produced by releasing attachment chemicals into the ambient plasmas. Electron density gradients and sheared flows arose in the boundary layer between the ambient and the negative ions plasmas. These generated electromagnetic fluctuations with fundamental frequency f{sub 0} = 70 kHz lie in the lower hybrid frequency range, and the mode propagates with angles smaller than 90° (0.3π–0.4π) relative to the magnetic field. Our results revealed that these observed structures were most likely due to electromagnetic components of the electron-ion hybrid instability. This research demonstrates that electromagnetic fluctuations also can be excited during active release experiments, which should be considered as an essential ingredient in the boundary layer processes of ionospheric depletions.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2016

THz electromagnetic radiation driven by intense relativistic electron beam based on ion focus regime

The simulation study finds that the relativistic electron beam propagating through the plasma background can produce electromagnetic (EM) radiation. With the propagation of the electron beam, the oscillations of the beam electrons in transverse and longitudinal directions have been observed simultaneously, which provides the basis for the electromagnetic radiation. The simulation results clearly show that the electromagnetic radiation frequency can reach up to terahertz (THz) wave band which may result from the filter-like property of plasma background, and the electromagnetic radiation frequency closely depends on the plasma density. To understand the above simulation results physically, the dispersion relation of the beam-plasma system has been derived using the field-matching method, and the dispersion curves show that the slow wave modes can couple with the electron beam effectively in THz wave band, which is an important theoretical evidence of the EM radiation.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2016

Propagation of electromagnetic wave in dusty plasma and the influence of dust size distribution

The effect of charged dust particle and their size distribution on the propagation of electromagnetic wave in a dusty plasma is investigated. It is shown that the additional collision mechanism provided by charged dust particles can significantly alter the electromagnetic properties of a plasma, leading to the appearance of attenuation of electromagnetic wave through dusty plasma. The attenuation coefficient mainly depends on the dust density, radius, and the charge numbers on the dust surface. The results described here will be used to enhance understanding of electromagnetic wave propagation processed in space and laboratory dusty plasma.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2016

Study of a condition for the mode conversion from purely perpendicular electrostatic waves to electromagnetic waves

One of the mechanisms for generating electromagnetic plasma waves (Z-mode and LO-mode) is mode conversion from electrostatic waves into electromagnetic waves in inhomogeneous plasma. Herein, we study a condition required for mode conversion of electrostatic waves propagating purely perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field, by numerically solving the full dispersion relation. An approximate model is derived describing the coupling between electrostatic waves (hot plasma Bernstein mode) and Z-mode waves at the upper hybrid frequency. The model is used to study conditions required for mode conversion from electrostatic waves (electrostatic electron cyclotron harmonic waves, including Bernstein mode) into electromagnetic plasma waves (LO-mode). It is shown that for mode conversion to occur in inhomogeneous plasma, the angle between the boundary surface and the magnetic field vector should be within a specific range. The range of the angle depends on the norm of the k vector of waves at the site of mode conversion in the inhomogeneous region. The present study reveals that inhomogeneity alone is not a sufficient condition for mode conversion from electrostatic waves to electromagnetic plasma waves and that the angle between the magnetic field and the density gradient plays an important role in the conversion process.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

Characteristics of quasi-unipolar electromagnetic pulses formed in the interaction of high-power laser pulses with nanoscale targets

A new method is suggested for generating quasi-unipolar electromagnetic IR and terahertz pulses. The method is based on synchronous acceleration of electrons combined to a dense bunch with a charge of up to several tens nanocoulombs, which are forced out from a nanoscale target under an action of a high-power, sharp-leading edge laser pulse. The electromagnetic bunch moving in a field of laser radiation can generate high-power electromagnetic pulses with various spectral composition including terahertz and IR ranges. A physical mechanism underlying the formation of generated quasi-unipolar pulses of electromagnetic radiation is determined and numerically studied. The pulse characteristics are found by numerical simulation, such as amplitude and duration dependences on the angle between the pulse propagation direction and laser beam axis. It is established that in modern laser installations, the amplitudes of quasi-unipolar pulses may reach relativistic values. Reflection of a unipolar pulse from an ideally reflecting surface is numerically analysed. It is shown that the pulse retains its unipolar profile in this case. (paper)

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2011

Octet Baryon Electromagnetic Form Factors in a Relativistic Quark Model

We study the octet baryon electromagnetic properties by applying the covariant spectator quark model, and provide covariant parametrization that can be used to study baryon electromagnetic reactions. While we use the lattice QCD data in the large pion mass regime (small pion cloud effects) to determine the parameters of the model in the valence quark sector, we use the nucleon physical and octet baryon magnetic moment data to parameterize the pion cloud contributions. The valence quark contributions for the octet baryon electromagnetic form factors are estimated by extrapolating the lattice parametrization in the large pion mass regime to the physical regime. As for the pion cloud contributions, we parameterize them in a covariant, phenomenological manner, combined with SU(3) symmetry. We also discuss the impact of the pion cloud effects on the octet baryon electromagnetic form factors and their radii.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2023

Comparison of Electromagnetic Transient and Phasor Dynamic Simulations: Implications for Inverter Dominated Systems

The simulation of very high shares of inverter-based resources in power systems has begun to draw into question the validity of phasor domain tools in capturing relevant dynamics. Electromagnetic transient simulators can capture the dynamics of power electronics with substantially smaller time steps, but are computationally expensive. This work contrasts the results of phasor domain and electromagnetic transient tools for simulations on a validated model of the Maui power system operating at very high inverter-based resource shares with near zero voltage forming devices. The results show that the phasor domain tool predicts optimistic stability with fewer voltage forming elements on the network, and loses computational stability before the electromagnetic transient tool. As the electromagnet transient model is of the entire system, and system-wide discrepancies are observed, this case study of a physical power system highlights the potential need for system-wide detailed modeling during periods of very high shares of inverter-based resources and few voltage forming devices.

electromagnetic transient-domain↗