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Results for “Classical Electrodynamics”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 163 records · Page 9
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1989

Evanescent radiation, quantum mechanics and the Casimir effect

An attempt to bridge the gap between classical and quantum mechanics and to explain the Casimir effect is presented. The general nature of chaotic motion is discussed from two points of view: the first uses catastrophe theory and strange attractors to describe the deterministic view of this motion; the underlying framework for chaos in these classical dynamic systems is their extreme sensitivity to initial conditions. The second interpretation refers to randomness associated with probabilistic dynamics, as for Brownian motion. The present approach to understanding evanescent radiation and its relation to the Casimir effect corresponds to the first interpretation, whereas stochastic electrodynamics corresponds to the second viewpoint. The nonlinear behavior of the electromagnetic field is also studied. This well-understood behavior is utilized to examine the motions of two orbiting charges and shows a closeness between the classical behavior and the quantum uncertainty principle. The evanescent radiation is used to help explain the Casimir effect.

Schatten, Kenneth H.↗
DOE OSTI2015

The current density in quantum electrodynamics in external potentials

We review different definitions of the current density for quantized fermions in the presence of an external electromagnetic field. Several deficiencies in the popular prescription due to Schwinger and the mode sum formula for static external potentials are pointed out. We argue that Dirac’s method, which is the analog of the Hadamard point-splitting employed in quantum field theory in curved space–times, is conceptually the most satisfactory. As a concrete example, we discuss vacuum polarization and the stress–energy tensor for massless fermions in 1+1 dimension. Also a general formula for the vacuum polarization in static external potentials in 3+1 dimensions is derived.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

Nonlinear normal modes in electrodynamic systems: A nonperturbative approach

We consider electromagnetic nonlinear normal modes in cylindrical cavity resonators filled with a nonlinear nondispersive medium. The key feature of the analysis is that exact analytic solutions of the nonlinear field equations are employed to study the mode properties in detail. Based on such a nonperturbative approach, we rigorously prove that the total energy of free nonlinear oscillations in a distributed conservative system, such as that considered in our work, can exactly coincide with the sum of energies of the normal modes of the system. This fact implies that the energy orthogonality property, which has so far been known to hold only for linear oscillations and fields, can also be observed in a nonlinear oscillatory system.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2018

Entanglement concentration and purification of two-mode squeezed microwave photons in circuit QED

We present a theoretical proposal for a physical implementation of entanglement concentration and purification protocols for two-mode squeezed microwave photons in circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED). First, we give the description of the cross-Kerr effect induced between two resonators in circuit QED. Then we use the cross-Kerr media to design the effective quantum nondemolition (QND) measurement on microwave-photon number. By using the QND measurement, the parties in quantum communication can accomplish the entanglement concentration and purification of nonlocal two-mode squeezed microwave photons. We discuss the feasibility of our schemes by giving the detailed parameters which can be realized with current experimental technology. Our work can improve some practical applications in continuous-variable microwave-based quantum information processing.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2018

Quantum electrodynamic cascade structure in a standing linearly polarised wave

We have performed an analysis of plasma structures formed as a result of the quantum electrodynamic (QED) cascade development in the field of a standing linearly polarised plane wave at various field amplitudes. In view of the spatially inhomogeneous cascade dynamics and complicated particle motion, it is proposed to use spatial distributions of plasma density averaged over the half-period of the field, i.e. integral structures. Based on the analysis of of particle trajectories and integral structures with and without allowance for the QED cascade, various plasma structures are revealed and the amplitude thresholds of their occurrence are determined. It is shown that the integral structure maxima may arise not only at the electric field nodes or antinodes, as in a circularly polarised field, but also in the intermediate regions between them. (paper)

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2016

An architecture for integrating planar and 3D cQED devices

Numerous loss mechanisms can limit coherence and scalability of planar and 3D-based circuit quantum electrodynamics (cQED) devices, particularly due to their packaging. The low loss and natural isolation of 3D enclosures make them good candidates for coherent scaling. We introduce a coaxial transmission line device architecture with coherence similar to traditional 3D cQED systems. Measurements demonstrate well-controlled external and on-chip couplings, a spectrum absent of cross-talk or spurious modes, and excellent resonator and qubit lifetimes. We integrate a resonator-qubit system in this architecture with a seamless 3D cavity, and separately pattern a qubit, readout resonator, Purcell filter, and high-Q stripline resonator on a single chip. Device coherence and its ease of integration make this a promising tool for complex experiments.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2014

Photon-photon interaction in strong-coupling cavity-atom system

We study photon-photon interactions mediated by a cavity-atom system in the strongcoupling regime of cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED). Different temporal shapes of the incident photons have been explored via numerical calculations. Especially, time-reversed photons can be in the cavity simultaneously and potentially acquire strong interaction with each other, advancing quantum information applications, e.g., quantum non-demolition (QND) measurement.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

Multipole electrodynamic ion trap geometries for microparticle confinement under standard ambient temperature and pressure conditions

Trapping of microparticles and aerosols is of great interest for physics and chemistry. We report microparticle trapping in case of multipole linear Paul trap geometries, operating under standard ambient temperature and pressure conditions. An 8- and 12-electrode linear trap geometries have been designed and tested with an aim to achieve trapping for larger number of particles and to study microparticle dynamical stability in electrodynamic fields. We report emergence of planar and volume ordered structures of microparticles, depending on the a.c. trapping frequency and particle specific charge ratio. The electric potential within the trap is mapped using the electrolytic tank method. Particle dynamics is simulated using a stochastic Langevin equation. We emphasize extended regions of stable trapping with respect to quadrupole traps, as well as good agreement between experiment and numerical simulations.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2018

Laser-plasma interactions in magnetized environment

Propagation and scattering of lasers present new phenomena and applications when the plasma medium becomes strongly magnetized. With mega-Gauss magnetic fields, scattering of optical lasers already becomes manifestly anisotropic. Special angles exist where coherent laser scattering is either enhanced or suppressed, as we demonstrate using a cold-fluid model. Consequently, by aiming laser beams at special angles, one may be able to optimize laser-plasma coupling in magnetized implosion experiments. In addition, magnetized scattering can be exploited to improve the performance of plasma-based laser pulse amplifiers. Using the magnetic field as an extra control variable, it is possible to produce optical pulses of higher intensity, as well as compress UV and soft x-ray pulses beyond the reach of other methods. In even stronger giga-Gauss magnetic fields, laser-plasma interaction enters a relativistic-quantum regime. Using quantum electrodynamics, we compute a modified wave dispersion relation, which enables correct interpretation of Faraday rotation measurements of strong magnetic fields.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

Electrodynamics and quantum capacity: The case of Bi{sub 2}Se{sub 3} topological insulator

Layered Bi-chalcogenide topological insulators are among the most available energy conversion (thermoelectric) and storage (battery) materials. Motivated by this applied aspect of fundamental importance and the good agreement between theory and key experiments probing spectroscopy and dc transport, we undertake a detailed study of electrodynamic responses of bulk Bi{sub 2}Se{sub 3} topological insulator. In particular, we confirm that the interplay between spin-orbit and electron correlations underpins its bulk metallicity. We show the implications of our proposal for the multi-channel nature of galvanostatic, voltage-capacity profiles intrinsic to Li{sub x}Bi{sub 2}Se{sub 3} battery material. Supported by a microscopic description of quantum capacity, we predict that layered Bi-based topological insulators are promising candidates for future high-voltage solid-state batteries.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2025

Mathematical Foundation for Quantum Computing of Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Dielectric Media

Can quantum computers effectively simulate the propagation and scattering of electromagnetic waves in a classical plasma? This chapter introduces some of the basic concepts in mathematics and physics essential to answering that question. The numerical simulations of Maxwell equations for wave propagation in dielectrics are constrained by technological limitations of the present-day computers. In contrast, there has been ample fanfare around quantum computers and their potential to far exceed the performance of traditional computers. Whether the enhanced capabilities of a quantum computer can be put to use for simulating topics in classical physics is a source of intrigue and curiosity.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
NASA NTRS1993

Micro- to macroscale perspectives on space plasmas

The Earth's magnetosphere is the most accessible of natural collisionless plasma environments; an astrophysical plasma 'laboratory'. Magnetospheric physics has been in an exploration phase since its origin 35 years ago but new coordinated, multipoint observations, theory, modeling, and simulations are moving this highly interdisciplinary field of plasma science into a new phase of synthesis and understanding. Plasma systems are ones in which binary collisions are relatively negligible and collective behavior beyond the microscale emerges. Most readily accessible natural plasma systems are collisional and nearest-neighbor classical interactions compete with longer-range plasma effects. Except for stars, most space plasmas are collisionless, however, and the effects of electrodynamic coupling dominate. Basic physical processes in such collisionless plasmas occur at micro-, meso-, and macroscales that are not merely reducible to each other in certain crucial ways as illustrated for the global coupling of the Earth's magnetosphere and for the nonlinear dynamics of charged particle motion in the magnetotail. Such global coupling and coherence makes the geospace environment, the domain of solar-terrestrial science, the most highly coupled of all physical geospheres.

Eastman, Timothy E.↗
DOE OSTI2015

Lamb Shift of n = 1 and n = 2 States of Hydrogen-like Atoms, 1 ≤ Z ≤ 110

Theoretical energy levels of the n = 1 and n = 2 states of hydrogen-like atoms with the nuclear charge numbers 1 ≤ Z ≤ 110 are tabulated. The tabulation is based on ab initio quantum electrodynamics calculations performed to all orders in the nuclear binding strength parameter Zα, where α is the fine structure constant. Theoretical errors due to various effects are critically examined and estimated.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2018

Influence of BBR-Induced Level Mixing Effect on Cosmological Recombination of Hydrogen and Singly Ionized Helium Atoms

An effect of atomic line broadening induced by the blackbody radiation (BBR) is investigated. Two physically different processes that affect the line broadening are compared within the framework of quantum electrodynamics (QED): the stimulated Raman scattering and BBR-induced level mixing. It is shown that the mixing effect gives the most significant contribution to the line broadening. According to our analysis, it is possible to distinguish both effects in the laboratory experiments. The impact of BBR-induced level mixing on the recombination history of primordial hydrogen and singly ionized helium atoms is discussed.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2019

DC conductivity from backreacted non-linear arcsin electrodynamics

Highlights: • This model, reproduces conductivity and Hall angle of high-T{sub c} cuprates. • It exhibits metal-insulator transition under variation of magnetic field. • Obtained transport properties for a backreacted non-linear electrodynamics model. - Abstract: We consider arcsin electrodynamics in a holographic set up along with dilatonic and axionic scalar fields. Considering backreaction of the matter fields on the geometry we study direct conductivity of the dual theory and obtain the conductivity matrix. Since obtaining an exact solution is difficult in general, we have studied several limiting cases. In particular, at the strong momentum dissipation limit, we find for hyperscaling violating geometry as the background, the resistivity and Hall coefficient will behave as ∼T and ∼T{sup 2} respectively. Then we restrict to a simpler model, where we find that the variation of the magnetic field can lead to metal–insulator transition/crossover.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2017

Theory of the hyperfine structure of the S states of muonic tritium

The hyperfine structure of the energy spectrum of the S levels of muonic tritium has been calculated using the quasi-potential method in quantum electrodynamics (QED). The α{sup 5}- and α{sup 6}-order effects on the polarization of vacuum, the structure and recoil of the nucleus, and relativistic corrections have been taken into account. The obtained numerical values of hyperfine splittings of 239.819 meV (1S state) and 29.965 meV (2S state) can be treated as reliable estimates for comparing with future experimental data of the CREMA collaboration, and hyperfine structure interval Δ{sub 12} = 8ΔE{sup hfs} (2S)–ΔE{sup hfs} (1S) =–0.100 meV can be used for verifying the QED predictions. The resultant precision values of hyperfine splitting are also important for calculating the rates of formation of (μ dt) mesomolecules in muonic catalysis reactions.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2018

Verification of the Rigidity of the Coulomb Field in Motion

Laplace, analyzing the stability of the Solar System, was the first to calculate that the velocity of the motion of force fields can significantly exceed the velocity of light waves. In electrodynamics, the Coulomb field should rigidly accompany its source for instantaneous force action in distant regions. Such rigid motion was recently inferred from experiments at the Frascati Beam Test Facility with short beams of relativistic electrons. The comments of the authors on their observations are at odds with the comments of theoreticians on retarded potentials, which motivates a detailed study of the positions of both sides. Predictions of measurements, based on the Lienard–Wiechert potentials, are used to propose an unambiguous scheme for testing the rigidity of the Coulomb field. Realization of the proposed experimental scheme could independently refute or support the assertions of the Italian physicists regarding the rigid motion of Coulomb fields and likewise the nondual field approach to macroscopic reality.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2018

Charging of Macroparticles in a Corona Discharge in an Air Flow

The charging of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} macroparticles with dimensions ranging from 20 to 40 μm in a gas flow passing through a multielectrode corona discharge is investigated. The corona discharge is produced by a system of wire electrodes arranged across the gas flow. The particle charge and mass are measured using a linear electrodynamic trap. For a corona voltage of 18 kV, the average charge-to-mass ratio is found to be 1.69 × 10{sup 13}e/g for particles charged in the positive corona and 1.35 × 10{sup 13}e/g for particles charged in the negative corona.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗